John Cadbury
John Cadbury | |
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| Born | 12 August 1801 Birmingham, England |
| Died | 11 May 1889 (aged 87) Birmingham, England |
| Resting place | Witton Cemetery, Birmingham |
| Nationality | English |
| Occupation(s) | Chocolatier, businessman, philanthropist |
| Known for | Founder of Cadbury |
| Spouse(s) | Priscilla Ann Dymond Cadbury (m. 1826) Candia Barrow Cadbury (m. 1831) |
| Children | 7, including George and Richard Cadbury |
| Parent(s) | Richard Tapper Cadbury, Elizabeth Head Cadbury |
John Cadbury (12 August 1801 – 11 May 1889) was an English proprietor and founder of Cadbury, the chocolate business based in Birmingham, England.[1]
Biography
John Cadbury was born in Birmingham on 12 August 1801 to Richard Tapper Cadbury and his wife Elizabeth Head. He was from a wealthy Quaker family that moved to the area from the west of England. John went to school at Joseph Crosfields Quaker School at Hartshill, Warwickshire.[1] As a Quaker in the early 19th century, he was not allowed to enter a university, so could not pursue a profession such as medicine or law.
As Quakers are historically and typically pacifist, a military career was also out of the question. So, like many other Quakers of the time, he turned his energies toward business and began a campaign against animal cruelty, forming the Animals Friend Society, a forebear of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The family provided job opportunities and good working conditions for their employees.[2]
Meanwhile, Cadbury's manufacturing enterprise prospered. His brother Benjamin joined the business in 1848 and they rented a larger factory on Bridge Street. Two years later, in 1850, the Cadbury brothers pulled out of the retail business, leaving it in the hands of John's son, Richard Barrow Cadbury (Barrow's remained a leading Birmingham store until the 1960s).
Cadbury married twice. He married Priscilla Ann Dymond (1799–1828), in 1826, but she died two years later. In 1832 he married his second wife, Candia Barrow (1805–1855)[3] and had seven children: John (1834–1866), Richard (1835–1899), Maria (1838–1908), George (1839–1922), Joseph (1841–1841), Edward (1843–1866), and Henry (1845–1875).[citation needed]
Benjamin and John Cadbury dissolved their partnership in 1860. John retired in 1861 due to the death of his wife, and his sons Richard and George succeeded him in the business.[4] In 1879 they relocated to an area of what was then north Worcestershire, on the borders of the parishes of Northfield and King's Norton centred on the Georgian-built Bournbrook Hall, where they developed the garden village of Bournville; now a major suburb of Birmingham.
The family developed the Cadbury's factory, which remains the main UK manufacturing site of the business. The district around the factory has been dry for over 100 years, with no alcohol being sold in pubs, bars or shops. Residents have fought to maintain this, winning a court battle in March 2007 with Britain's biggest supermarket chain Tesco, to prevent it selling alcohol in its local outlet.[5][6]
References
- ^ a b "John Cadbury". www.quakersintheworld.org. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
- ^ "BBC – Cadbury: The legacy in Birmingham". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
- ^ The Annual Monitor For 1856, Obituary of the Members of the Society of Friends in Great Britain and Ireland For the Year 1855. London: Cash, 1855.
- ^ "The Cadbury Family". History TV. 21 April 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
- ^ Paul Dale (27 March 2007). "Tesco loses battle of Bournville". Birmingham Post. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
- ^ "Council rejects Tesco off-licence". BBC News. BBC. 26 March 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
- Mondelez https://web.archive.org/web/20151016042608/http://www.mondelezinternational.com/about-us/our-founders
- Randall Morck, A History of Corporate Governance around the World: Family Business Groups – Page 600, University of Chicago Press, 2005, ISBN 0-226-53680-7
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