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Gradius (video game)

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This article is about the video game. For the series, see Gradius.
Gradius
Gradius / Nemesis
Promotional flyer
Developer(s)Konami
Publisher(s)Konami
Director(s)Hiroyasu Machiguchi
Composer(s)Miki Higashino
SeriesGradius
Platform(s)Arcade, Nintendo Entertainment System, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, PC-8801, Game Boy, X1, MSX, ZX Spectrum, PC Engine, X68000, mobile phone, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch
Release
Genre(s)Horizontal-scrolling shooter
Mode(s)Single-player, multiplayer

Gradius[a] is a horizontally scrolling shoot 'em up video game developed and published by Konami. The first game in the Gradius series, it was originally released as a coin-operated arcade game in 1985. The player maneuvers a spacecraft known as the Vic Viper that must defend itself from the various alien enemies. The game uses a power-up system called the "power meter", based upon collecting capsules to purchase additional weapons.

The arcade version of Gradius was released internationally outside Japan under the title of Nemesis, although subsequent home releases have the original title. Home versions were released for various platforms, such as the NES, the MSX home computer, and the PC Engine.

Gradius was critically acclaimed for its gameplay and unique power-up system. Along with Namco's Xevious, it is cited as being one of the most important shooter games, having paved the way for many similar games to follow.[3]

Gameplay

The player's ship, the Vic Viper, exchanging shots with enemy Moai in the game's third stage. The player's power meter is towards the bottom of the screen.

The player controls the trans-dimensional spaceship Vic Viper and must battle waves of enemies through various environments. The game became synonymous with the phrase, "Destroy the core!", as the standard of boss battles in the Gradius series involved combat with a giant craft, in the center of which would be situated one to several blue colored spheres. These bosses would be designed in such a way that there would be a straight passage from the exterior of the giant craft which leads directly to one of these cores. The player must fire shots into this passage while avoiding attack patterns from weapon emplacements on the body of the boss. However, small but destructible walls are situated in this passage, impeding the bullet shots from damaging the core, and must be whittled away by repeated well-placed shots. In a way, these tiny walls represent the boss' shielding gauge until its core is finally vulnerable to attack. Some bosses can regenerate these walls. When the core has sustained enough hits, it usually changes color from blue to red, indicating that it is in critical condition and its destruction is imminent. Upon the destruction of a core, a piece of the boss may be put out of commission, seeing that it is no longer powered by a core, or if all of the cores are destroyed, the entire boss is defeated and explodes satisfyingly. Note that these cores are not present on the more organic bosses of Gradius. Such bosses have weak spots in places such as a mouth, head or eye.

When gameplay begins, the Vic Viper is relatively slow and has only a weak gun. This level of capability is generally insufficient for engaging enemies, but the Vic Viper can gain greater capabilities by collecting and using power-up items. While most arcade games utilize distinct power up-items that each correspond to a specific effect on the player character, Gradius has a single power-up item. The effect of this power-up item is to advance the currently selected item in a power-up menu that appears at the bottom of the screen. When the desired power-up is highlighted, the player can obtain it by pressing the power-up button, returning the menu to its initial state in which no power-up is highlighted.

Development

Gradius was the creation of Konami game designer Machiguchi Hiroyasu, being the first video game he publicly released.[4] Joining the company in the early 1980s originally as a programmer, Konami was trying to transition from being a producer of medal machines to a video game developer and assigned him to a small team to try and create a game that could put the company on the map.[4] He asked the team what kind of game they'd like to work on, responding that they'd like to make another shooting game.[4] The shoot'em up genre had seen a resurgence at the time with Namco's Xevious, with the goal of the project being to make a shooter that could surpass it.[4] The project was at first intended to be a followup to Konami's earlier game Scramble, being titled Scramble 2 and reusing many of its material and game mechanics.[4]

Development of Gradius lasted for about a year, which Hiroyasu says was filled with anxiety and worry from the production team due to it being their first game, lacking confidence in what they were doing.[4] Members of the project came up with ideas that were then tested on the arcade monitor to see if they worked or not.[4] While designing the Option satellites, the team tested over 20 different movement patterns for them, which were cut through the process of elimination based on those that didn't work.[4] The game was produced for the Konami Bubble System arcade hardware, which gave the team more hardware capacity and memory to experiment with.[4] Hiroyasu wanted the game to have a visually distinct world with unique enemies and locations, something relatively uncommon for shooters at the time.[4] Inspiration for mechanics and the story were derived from films such as Star Wars: A New Hope and Lensman, with the Laser weapon being directly taken from those in Lensman.[4] The idea for the power meter mechanic stemmed from the team's desire to give players the freedom to select whichever weapons they pleased.[4] Early versions had the player collecting individual pick-up icons, which were cut for not being "satisfying" enough; it was instead replaced with a selection bar where players collected capsules to allow access to other weapons, an idea based on the function keys on a keyboard.[4] The Moai enemies were added to pay homage to Xevious and its Nazca lines, and as a way to give the game a sense of mystery.[4]

Releases

Arcade

Gradius was first released in Japan for Konami's Bubble System, an arcade board which allows operators to change the software through the use of a proprietary magnetic-based media called "Bubble Software". The game was distributed as a standard printed circuit board in North America and Europe under the title of Nemesis.[2] The North American version of Nemesis features a considerably increased difficulty compared to the Japanese and European version. To balance this, the game spawns a fleet of orange enemies when the player loses a life to provide as many power-up capsules as possible to recover as many upgrades as possible. The title screen was also updated, showing an in-game reproduction of the promotional artwork behind the logo.

Famicom/NES

The first home conversion of Gradius was released for Nintendo's Famicom console on April 25, 1986, in Japan. Due to the hardware limitations of the Famicom, many of the level designs were simplified (the Moai stage, for example, lacks the vertical scrolling present in the arcade game) and the maximum amount of options that the player can upgrade to was reduced from four to two. This version added a cheat code that can be entered while the game is paused that grants the player's ship almost all the power-ups. This code would appear again in many later Konami on the NES and other consoles (such as Contra and Life Force), becoming known as the Konami Code.

The NES version of Gradius was released in North America in December 1986. It is the first NES game to have been released by Konami in the region and unlike the original arcade game, the title was kept unchanged between regions. The NES version was made available in arcades as a Nintendo VS. System board (under the title of VS. Gradius) and as a PlayChoice-10 cartridge. VS. Gradius was distributed to arcades by Nintendo.

MSX

The MSX version of Gradius was released on July 25, 1986, in Japan, a few months after the Famicom version. It was also released in Europe under the Nemesis title. This version changed similar to the Famicom version but adds its slew of exclusive content to make up for the downgrade. A new stage, the bone planet was added between the Inverted Volcano stage and the Antennoid stage, featuring exclusive enemy types. There also four hidden warp zones and the ability to play as the titular ship from TwinBee if the MSX version of that game is played alongside Nemesis.

PC Engine

The PC Engine version of Gradius was released on November 15, 1991, exclusively in Japan. Released on a 2-Megabit HuCard, it had relatively few omissions compared to the NES and MSX versions and added a Desert Planet stage similar to the Bone Planet stage from the MSX version. Because of the lower resolution of the PC Engine compared to the original arcade hardware, the PC Engine features some slight vertical-scrolling.

Other platforms

In addition to the MSX, Gradius was also ported to other microcomputers shortly after its release, such as the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC and Commodore 64 in Europe (as Nemesis: The Final Challenge), as well as the PC-8801 and X1 in Japan. A port for the X68000 computer was also included in the early models of the computer. The original Gradius is also included in collection such as Gradius Deluxe Pack for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn and Gradius Collection for the PlayStation Portable. The arcade version was digitally released on the PlayStation 4 in 2015 and Nintendo Switch in July 2020 as part of the Arcade Archives series, with the option to play all four regional variants of the game.[5][6]

Audio

  • Alfa Records released a limited-edition soundtrack album for this game (Konami Game Music Vol.1 – 28XA-85) on 27 June 1986.
  • Apollon Music released a limited-edition soundtrack album for this game (Original Sound of Gradius – KHY1016) on 5 May 1987.
  • Also, disc 1 of Konami Music Masterpiece Collection, which was released on October 1, 2004, is mostly devoted to Gradius.

Reception

In Japan, Game Machine listed Gradius on their July 1, 1985 issue as being the most-successful table arcade unit of the year.[12] The game went to number 2 in the UK sales charts, behind Feud.[citation needed] The Western cover art for the NES version claimed that it had sold one million copies in Japan.[13]

GameSpot stated that Gradius was one of the toughest side-scrolling shooter games available on the NES, second only to Contra.[14] IGN has given the game a rating 7 out of 10 for its re-release on the Wii Virtual Console and has hailed it as one of the greatest classic side-scrolling shooter games.[15]

Legacy

Gradius spawned several sequels, the first of which was 1986's Salamander. The series has continued into the seventh generation with Gradius ReBirth.

It was also re-released on Windows Store on December 20, 2013, GameNow in May 2014 and for PlayStation 4's Arcade Archives on January 25 in Japan. An NES port was re-released for the Nintendo Switch Online on September 19, 2018, worldwide and an updated release as Gradius: Stage 5 Stronger Version (グラディウス ステージ5最強バージョン, Guradiusu Sutēji 5 Saikyō Bājon) on November 14, 2018, worldwide. Another updated release titled Gradius SP: Second Loop was released worldwide on August 22, 2019.

Notes

  1. ^ Japanese: グラディウス, Hepburn: Guradiusu

References

  1. ^ "Arcade Action". Computer + Video Games. October 1985.
  2. ^ a b "Year in Review". Cashbox. January 17, 1987.
  3. ^ Kalata, Kurt (April 30, 2015). "The history of Gradius: A look back at 30 years of Konami shooting". Gamasutra. UBM Technology Group. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Machiguchi Hiroyasu Gradius Interviews (Translated)". Shmuplations. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  5. ^ "ArcadeArchives | HAMSTER Corporation". www.hamster.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  6. ^ "Arcade Archives | HAMSTER Corporation". www.hamster.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  7. ^ Weiss, Brett Alan. "Gradius (NES) - Review". AllGame. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10. Retrieved 2017-07-06.
  8. ^ "World of Spectrum" (JPG). Worldofspectrum.rog. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
  9. ^ "Sinclair ZX Spectrum Reviews". zxspectrumreviews.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
  10. ^ "World of Spectrum". Worldofspectrum.rog. Archived from the original (JPG) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
  11. ^ "Nemesis". ysrnry.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
  12. ^ "Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25 - テーブル型TVゲーム機 (Table Videos)". Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 263. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 July 1985. p. 25.
  13. ^ "Gradius Cover Art". MobyGames. Retrieved 2014-08-02.
  14. ^ Ryan Davis. "Gradius Review". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
  15. ^ Lucas M. Thomas (2007-01-09). "Gradius VC Review". IGN. News Corporation. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
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