1999 in archaeology
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The year 1999 in archaeology involved some significant events.
Excavations
- Excavations resume at Qatna, in Syria, by the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft.
- Osiris Shaft in the Giza pyramid complex of Egypt, by Zahi Hawass.[1]
- Wide-scope vertical and horizontal excavation of world's oldest wet-rice (rice paddy) agricultural feature, c. 800 BC, at Okhyeon site, Ulsan, Korea.
- Excavation at Tal-i Malyan in Anshan (Iran).
- Excavations at Hyde Abbey, Winchester, England.
Finds
- March 16 – Mummified Children of Llullaillaco found on the volcanic peak of Llullaillaco in South America.
- July 22 – A frozen and mummified body, later named Kwäday Dän Ts’ìnchi ("Long Ago Person Found"), is found in a Canadian glacier.
- Shipwreck, originally thought to be RMS Carpathia, but later identified as Hamburg-America Line's Isis (sunk 1936), located in eastern Atlantic Ocean.[2]
- Shipwreck thought to be William Kidd's pirate ship Adventure Galley (scuttled 1698) located off Madagascar by Barry Clifford.[3]
- Marausa wreck (Roman) located off Sicily.[4]
- 105 mummies are discovered in the first four tombs to be opened in the Valley of the Golden Mummies in Egypt.
- John and Deborah Darnell of the Theban Desert Road Survey announce discovery of inscriptions from around 1800 BCE at Wadi el-Hol, Egypt, in a partly phonetic Proto-Sinaitic alphabet.[5][6]
- Venus of Tan-Tan (300,000–500,000 BP) found in Morocco.[7]
- Ġebel ġol-Baħar, possibly a submerged megalithic temple, is discovered off the coast of Malta.
- Site of Must Farm Bronze Age settlement in The Fens of eastern England first located.
- Croatian Apoxyomenos raised from the sea.[8]
- Discovery of Wezmeh Cave in Iran [9]
Publications
- Penelope M. Allison (ed.) – The Archaeology of Household Activities.
- Victor Buchli – An Archaeology of Socialism.
- John Carman and Anthony Harding (ed.) – Ancient Warfare: archaeological perspectives.
- Chris Gosden and Jon Hather (ed.) – The Prehistory of Food: appetites for change.
- Matthew Johnson – Archaeological Theory: an introduction.
- Thomas Stöllner – Der prähistorische Salzbergbau am Dürrnberg bei Hallein: Forschungsgeschichte, Forschungsstand, Forschungsanliegen, Bd 1.
- July–August issue of Archaeology asks: "Is Schliemann Mask a Fake?". Some scholars, noting that the "Mask of Agamemnon" is significantly different from the others found at the site, contend that Schliemann had some of the features added to make the mask appear more heroic to viewers of his day.
Deaths
- March 31 – Yuri Knorozov, epigrapher of Maya hieroglyphs (born 1922)[10]
- July 16 – Barri Jones (born 1936)[11]
- Arvid Andrén (born 1902)
References
- ^ kmtsesh (February 18, 2012). "The Osiris Shaft: a Giza cenotaph". Ancient Near East: Just the Facts. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
- ^ Cussler, Clive; Delgado, James P. (2004). Adventures of a Sea Hunter: In Search of Famous Shipwrecks. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. p. 85. ISBN 9781553650713.
- ^ Van Den Boogaerde, Pierre (2011). Shipwrecks of Madagascar. Strategic Book Publishing. ISBN 9781612043395.
- ^ Mignone, Pablo (May 20, 2013). ""El camino hacia el Santuario Incaico del Llullaillaco": el complejo arqueológico más alto del mundo analizado a través de un SIG". Virtual Archaeology Review. 4 (8): 145–154. doi:10.4995/var.2013.4356.
- ^ Baker, Dorie (December 13, 1999 – January 17, 2000). "Finding sheds new light on the alphabet's origins". Yale Bulletin and Calendar. 28 (16). Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
- ^ "Alphabet Originated Centuries Earlier Than Previously Thought". Science Daily. November 22, 1999. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
- ^ "'Oldest sculpture' found in Morocco". BBC News. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
- ^ "The Athlete of Croatia: a bronze youth from the sea". The British Museum. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
- ^ Farnaz Broushaki (2016). "Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent". Science. 353 (6298): 499–503. Bibcode:2016Sci...353..499B. doi:10.1126/science.aaf7943. PMC 5113750. PMID 27417496.
- ^ "Yury Valentinovich Knorozov - Russian linguist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
- ^ Birley, Anthony (July 22, 1999). "Barri Jones". The Guardian. Retrieved April 17, 2017.