Somma volcano
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A somma volcano (also known as a sommian) is a volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. The name comes from Mount Somma, a stratovolcano in southern Italy with a summit caldera in which the upper cone of Mount Vesuvius has grown.
A number of Earth's best examples of somma volcanoes are found on Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands that stretch south from Kamchatka to Hokkaidō (Japan).[citation needed]
Some examples of somma volcanoes are the following:
- Africa
- Pico do Fogo (Fogo Island, Cape Verde)
- Teide (Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain)
- Americas
- Cosigüina (Chinandega, Nicaragua)
- Wizard Island (Oregon, United States)
- Lava domes (Mount St. Helens, Washington, United States)
- Asia
- Ebeko (Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
- Gunung Baru Jari (Segara Anak caldera, Lombok, Indonesia)
- Kolokol Group: Kolokol, Berg, Borzov, Trezubetz (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
- Anak Krakatoa (Krakatoa Group, Sunda Strait, Lampung, Indonesia): a partially-submerged somma volcano
- Krenitsyn Peak (Tao-Rusyr caldera, Onekotan Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
- Medvezhya (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
- Milna (Simushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
- Pinatubo (Central Luzon, Philippines)
- Tengger caldera (East Java, Indonesia)
- Tondano caldera (North Sulawesi, Indonesia)
- Sakurajima (Aira caldera, Kyūshū, Japan)
- Tyatya (Kunashir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
- Urataman (Simushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
- Zarechny (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia)
- Europe
- Nea Kameni (Santorini caldera, Greece): a partially-submerged somma volcano
- Mount Pico (Azores, Portugal)
- Mount Vesuvius (Campania, Italy)
- Oceania
- Mount Gharat (Gaua, Vanuatu)
See also
