1916 United States House of Representatives elections

1916 United States House of Representatives elections
All 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives; 218 seats needed for a majority
Speaker before election; Champ Clark; Democratic	Elected Speaker ; Champ Clark; Democratic

Elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1916 were held for members of the 65th Congress, coinciding with the re-election of President Woodrow Wilson.

Wilson eked out a narrow re-election, but his Democratic Party lost seats to the Republican Party. Wilson's hybrid approach, which injected a progressive element into Democratic policies, had proved to be dissatisfying to much of the nation. International affairs also became important in the traditionally non-interventionist United States, as voters attempted to determine which party would be best served to keep the nation from entering The Great War.

Republicans actually won a plurality of seats in the 1916 election. Even so, when the 65th Congress convened in April 1917, the Democrats narrowly maintained control of the House, forming an alliance with third-party (Progressive and Socialist) members. Not since the 34th Congress (1855–57) had the party with the most seats not been part of the ruling government. This Congress is the last example to date of a type of coalition holding power in the House, rather than a single party winning a majority of seats.

Jeannette Rankin, a Republican from Montana, became the first woman ever elected to congress.

Special elections

There were special elections in 1916 to the 64th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

District	Incumbent			This election
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
West Virginia 2	William G. Brown Jr.	Democratic	1910	Incumbent died March 9, 1916. New member elected May 9, 1916. Republican gain. Successor was later re-elected, see below.	Y George M. Bowers (Republican) [data missing]
California 10	William Stephens	Progressive	1910	Incumbent resigned July 22, 1916 to become Lieutenant Governor of California. New member elected November 7, 1916. Progressive hold. Successor was not elected to the next term, see below.	Y Henry Stanley Benedict (Progressive) 62.82% Joy Clark (Independent) 23.59% Henry Clay Needham (Prohibition) 4.32% George Clark (Unknown) 3.54% James H. Ryckman (Socialist) 3.01% Rufus V. Bowden (Democratic) 1.83% John C. Wray (Unknown) 0.89%
Mississippi 5

Election summaries

↓
style="background:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/color; width:49.20%" \| 214	style="background:Template:Other/meta/color; width:0.69%" \| 5	style="background:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/color; width:49.66%" \| 216
Democratic	^[e]	Republican

State	Type	Total seats	Democratic		Progressive		Republican		Others
State	Type	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District^[f]	10	10		0		0		0
Arizona	At-large	1	1		0		0		0
Arkansas	District	7	7		0		0		0
California	District	11	4	1	1	1	5	1	1^[g]	1
Colorado	District	4	3		0		1		0
Connecticut	District	5	1	1	0		4	1	0
Delaware	At-large	1	1	1	0		0	1	0
Florida	District	4	4		0		0		0
Georgia	District	12	12		0		0		0
Idaho	At-large	2	0		0		2		0
Illinois	District +2 at-large	27	6	4	0	1	21	5	0
Indiana	District	13	4	7	0		9	7	0
Iowa	District	11	0	1	0		11	1	0
Kansas	District	8	5	1	0		3	1	0
Kentucky	District	11	9		0		2		0
Louisiana	District	8	7	1	1	1	0		0
Maine^[h]	District	4	0	1	0		4	1	0
Maryland	District	6	4	1	0		2	1	0
Massachusetts	District	16	4		0		12		0
Michigan	District	13	1	1	0		12	1	0
Minnesota	District	10	1		0		9		0
Mississippi	District	8	8		0		0		0
Missouri	District	16	14		0		2		0
Montana	At-large	2	1	1	0		1	1	0
Nebraska	District	6	3		0		3		0
Nevada	At-large	1	0		0		1		0
New Hampshire	District	2	0	2	0		2	2	0
New Jersey	District	12	3	1	0		9	1	0
New Mexico	At-large	1	1	1	0		0	1	0
New York	District	43	16	3	0	1	26	4	1^[i]
North Carolina	District	10	10	1	0		0	1	0
North Dakota	District	3	0		0		3		0
Ohio	District	22	13	4	0		9	4	0
Oklahoma	District	8	6	1	0		2	1	0
Oregon	District	3	0		0		3		0
Pennsylvania	District +4 at-large	36	6		1	1	29	1	0
Rhode Island	District	3	1		0		2		0
South Carolina	District	7	7		0		0		0
South Dakota	District	3	1		0		2		0
Tennessee	District	10	8		0		2		0
Texas	District +2 at-large	18	18		0		0		0
Utah	District	2	2	1	0		0	1	0
Vermont	District	2	0		0		2		0
Virginia	District	10	9		0		1		0
Washington	District	5	1	1	0	2	4	1	0
West Virginia	District^[f]	6	2	1	0		4	1	0
Wisconsin	District	11	0	3	0		11	3	0
Wyoming	At-large	1	0		0		1		0
Total		435	214 49.2%	16	3 0.7%	2	216^[j] 49.7%	19	2^[k] 0.5%	1

House seats

Democratic			49.20%
Progressive			0.69%
Prohibition			0.23%
Republican			49.66%
Socialist			0.23%

The Democrats retained control of the House by forming a coalition with the three Progressive members and the single Socialist member, combining to form a razor-thin majority of 218 Representatives.

Early election date

Maine held its election early, on September 11, 1916. There had previously been multiple states with earlier elections, but between 1914 and 1958, Maine was alone in holding early elections.

California

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California 1	William Kent	Independent	1910	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y Clarence F. Lea (Democratic) 48.8% Edward H. Hart (Republican) 42.8% Mary M. Morgan (Socialist) 5.5% Jay Scott Ryder (Prohibition) 2.9%
California 2	John E. Raker	Democratic	1910	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John E. Raker (Democratic) 71% James T. Matlock (Republican) 29%
California 3	Charles F. Curry	Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Charles F. Curry (Republican) 66.7% O. W. Kennedy (Democratic) 23.4% Ben Cooper (Socialist) 6.2% Edwin F. Van Vlear (Prohibition) 3.7%
California 4	Julius Kahn	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Julius Kahn (Republican) 77.2% J. M. Fernald (Democratic) 15.7% Allen K. Gifford (Socialist) 5.6% Henry W. Hutchinson (Prohibition) 1.5%
California 5	John I. Nolan	Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John I. Nolan (Republican) 84.7% Charles A. Preston (Socialist) 9.6% Frederick Head (Prohibition) 5.8%
California 6	John A. Elston	Progressive	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John A. Elston (Progressive) 64.6% H. Avery Whitney (Democratic) 22.6% Luella Twining (Socialist) 8.7% Harlow E. Wolcott (Prohibition) 4.1%
California 7	Denver S. Church	Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Denver S. Church (Democratic) 51% W. W. Phillips (Republican) 36.4% Harry M. McKee (Socialist) 7.2% J. F. Butler (Prohibition) 5.3%
California 8	Everis A. Hayes	Republican	1904	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Everis A. Hayes (Republican) 68.6% George S. Walker (Progressive / Democratic fusion) 23.8% Cora Pattleton Wilson (Socialist) 7.5%
California 9	Charles H. Randall	Prohibition	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Charles H. Randall (Prohibition) 57.8% Charles W. Bell (Independent) 32.7% Ralph L. Criswell (Socialist) 9.5%
California 10	Vacant			William Stephens (Progressive) had resigned July 22, 1916 to become Lieutenant Governor of California. New member elected. Republican gain. Successor was not elected to finish the term.	Y Henry Z. Osborne (Republican) 49.5% Rufus V. Bowden (Democratic) 25.7% Henry S. Benedict (Progressive) 11.1% James H. Ryckman (Socialist) 7% Henry Clay Needham (Prohibition) 6.8%
California 11	William Kettner	Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William Kettner (Democratic) 44.5% Robert C. Harbison (Republican) 35.7% James S. Edwards (Prohibition) 15.6% Marcus W. Robbins (Socialist) 4.1%

Kansas

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kansas 1	Daniel R. Anthony Jr.	Republican	1907 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Daniel R. Anthony Jr. (Republican) [data missing]
Kansas 2	Joseph Taggart	Democratic	1911 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	Y Edward C. Little (Republican) [data missing]
Kansas 3	Philip P. Campbell	Republican	1902	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Philip P. Campbell (Republican) [data missing]
Kansas 4	Dudley Doolittle	Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Dudley Doolittle (Democratic) [data missing]
Kansas 5	Guy T. Helvering	Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Guy T. Helvering (Democratic) [data missing]
Kansas 6	John R. Connelly	Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John R. Connelly (Democratic) [data missing]
Kansas 7	Jouett Shouse	Democratic	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Jouett Shouse (Democratic) [data missing]
Kansas 8	William A. Ayres	Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William A. Ayres (Democratic) [data missing]

Montana

This was the last time Montana used an at-large district until its representation was reduced to one in 1992. This was also the first time a woman was elected to Congress.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Montana at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	John M. Evans	Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John M. Evans (Democratic) 26.7% Y Jeannette Rankin (Republican) 24.3% Harry B. Mitchell (Democratic) 22.3% George W. Farr (Republican) 21.2% John McGuffey (Socialist) 2.8% Albert F. Meissner (Socialist) 2.7%
Montana at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	Tom Stout	Democratic	1912	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.

North Dakota

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
North Dakota 1	Henry Thomas Helgesen	Republican	1910	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Henry Thomas Helgesen (Republican) 59.9% George A. Bangs (Democratic) 38.3% V. Gram (Socialist) 1.8%
North Dakota 2	George M. Young	Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George M. Young (Republican) 71.7% Hugh McDonald (Democratic) 24.6% Samuel O. Olson (Socialist) 3.7%
North Dakota 3	Patrick Daniel Norton	Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Patrick Daniel Norton (Republican) 65.2% Charles Simon (Democratic) 26.5% Anton Klemmens (Socialist) 8.3%

South Carolina

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 1	Richard S. Whaley	Democratic	1913 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Richard S. Whaley (Democratic) 95.4% J. O. Ladd (Republican) 4.6%
South Carolina 2	James F. Byrnes	Democratic	1910	Incumbent re-elected.	Y James F. Byrnes (Democratic) 98.5% Isaac Myers (Republican) 1.5%
South Carolina 3	Wyatt Aiken	Democratic	1902	Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y Frederick H. Dominick (Democratic) 100%
South Carolina 4	Samuel J. Nicholls	Democratic	1915 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Samuel J. Nicholls (Democratic) 99.4% G. F. Mills (Republican) 0.6%
South Carolina 5	David E. Finley	Democratic	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	Y David E. Finley (Democratic) 100%
South Carolina 6	J. Willard Ragsdale	Democratic	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y J. Willard Ragsdale (Democratic) 99.1% W. L. McFarlan (Republican) 0.9%
South Carolina 7	Asbury F. Lever	Democratic	1901 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Asbury F. Lever (Democratic) 93.5% I. S. Leevy (Republican) 6.5%

South Dakota

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Dakota 1	Charles H. Dillon	Republican	1912	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Charles H. Dillon (Republican) 58.1% O.D. Anderson (Democratic) 40.2% H.W. Fenner (Socialist) 1.7%
South Dakota 2	Royal C. Johnson	Republican	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Royal C. Johnson (Republican) 60.1% J.J. Batterton (Democratic) 34.7% E. Francis Atwood (Socialist) 3.4% R. Clendening (Prohibition) 1.8%
South Dakota 3	Harry L. Gandy	Democratic	1914	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Harry L. Gandy (Democratic) 55.6% John G. Bartine (Republican) 40.9% B.M. Mulcahy (Socialist) 3.4%

Non-voting delegates

Alaska Territory

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Alaska Territory at-large	James Wickersham	Republican	1908	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y Charles A. Sulzer (Democratic) James Wickersham (Republican)^[1]

Wickersham would later successfully contest the election and was seated January 7, 1919.

Notes

^ Maine held early elections on September 11, 1916.
^ Democrats maintained control of the U.S. House after the 1916 elections by forming a 218-member coalition with the three Progressive members and the one Socialist member.
^ This includes votes for those who ran primarily on the Washington Party Ballot Line.
^ Alvan Tufts Fuller would run as an Independent in 9th District of Massachusetts, defeating long-time Republican Congressman Ernest Roberts. Fuller had rejoined the Republican Party earlier in the year, and would caucus with the Republican Party upon being sworn into the House.
^ Progressives won 3 seats, and there was 1 Prohibitionist and 1 Socialist.
^ ^a ^b At-large seat eliminated in redistricting.
^ Prohibition
^ Elections held early.
^ Socialist
^ Includes 1 Independent Republican.
^ 1 Socialist and 1 Prohibition.

References

^ "Our Campaigns - AK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 07, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 15, 2020.

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

[1] Maine held early elections on September 11, 1916.

[Dem-control-2] Democrats maintained control of the U.S. House after the 1916 elections by forming a 218-member coalition with the three Progressive members and the one Socialist member.

[3] This includes votes for those who ran primarily on the Washington Party Ballot Line.

[4] Alvan Tufts Fuller would run as an Independent in 9th District of Massachusetts, defeating long-time Republican Congressman Ernest Roberts. Fuller had rejoined the Republican Party earlier in the year, and would caucus with the Republican Party upon being sworn into the House.

[5] Progressives won 3 seats, and there was 1 Prohibitionist and 1 Socialist.

[als-6] At-large seat eliminated in redistricting.

[7] Prohibition

[8] Elections held early.

[9] Socialist

[IR-10] Includes 1 Independent Republican.

[11] 1 Socialist and 1 Prohibition.

[12] "Our Campaigns - AK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 07, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 15, 2020.

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