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A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company

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Main article: Honourable Artillery Company

A Battery (1st City of London Horse Artillery), Honourable Artillery Company
Active1891 – 16 February 1920
Country United Kingdom
Branch British Army
TypeArtillery
SizeBattery
Part ofLondon Mounted Brigade
peacetime HQArmoury House, Finsbury
EquipmentOrdnance QF 15-pounder
Ordnance QF 18-pounder
Ordnance QF 13-pounder
EngagementsFirst World War
Senussi Campaign
Sinai and Palestine Campaign
First Battle of Gaza
Second Battle of Gaza
Third Battle of Gaza
Battle of Beersheba (1917)
Battle of Mughar Ridge
Battle of Jerusalem
Second Trans-Jordan Raid
Capture of Damascus (1918)

A Battery (1st City of London Horse Artillery), Honourable Artillery Company was a horse artillery battery that was formed from Light Cavalry Squadron, HAC in 1891. It transferred to the Territorial Force in 1908 as artillery support for the London Mounted Brigade.

During the First World War it was posted to Egypt in 1915, served as part of the Western Frontier Force in the Senussi Campaign in 1916 and in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign with the Imperial (later Australian) Mounted Division in 1917 and 1918. The second line battery – 2/A Battery, HAC – was formed in 1914 and served on the Western Front in 1917 and 1918 as part of an Army Field Artillery Brigade; the third line – A (Reserve) Battery, HAC – was formed in 1915 to provide trained replacements for the 1st and 2nd Line batteries.

Post war, the battery, along with B Battery, Honourable Artillery Company, was amalgamated with the City of London Yeomanry (Rough Riders) to form the 11th (Honourable Artillery Company and City of London Yeomanry) Brigade, RHA.

History

Formation

The Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) first raised horse artillery in 1860 when Jay's Troop, HAC was formed. This had a brief existence, being disbanded in 1869.[1]

In 1891, the Light Cavalry Squadron, HAC was converted to the Horse Battery, HAC, which in 1899 was redesignated as A Battery (1st City of London Horse Artillery), HAC. At the same time the Field Battery, HAC was converted to horse artillery as B Battery (2nd City of London Horse Artillery), HAC. The Field Battery originated in 1781, but was the second to form a horse artillery battery hence the junior designation.[1]

The batteries sponsored the field battery of the City Imperial Volunteers for service in the Second Boer War in 1900–02.[2][3]

Territorial Force

The Territorial Force (TF) was formed on 1 April 1908 following the enactment of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw.7, c.9) which combined and re-organised the old Volunteer Force, the Honourable Artillery Company and the Yeomanry. On formation, the TF contained 14 infantry divisions and 14 mounted yeomanry brigades.[4] Each yeomanry brigade included a horse artillery battery and an ammunition column. 12 of these were provided by Royal Horse Artillery batteries of the Territorial Force, the other two by the Honourable Artillery Company.[5]

On 1 April 1908, the battery transferred to the Territorial Force without a change in title.[2] The unit consisted of the battery and London Mounted Brigade Ammunition Column at Armoury House, Finsbury.[6] The battery was equipped with four[4] Ehrhardt 15-pounder[7] guns and allocated as artillery support to the London Mounted Brigade.[8]

First World War

London Mounted Brigade
Organisation on 4 August 1914
Assigned units
HQ and 4 squadrons
HQ and 4 squadrons
HQ and 4 squadrons
  • Brigade troops
Transport and Supply Column, ASC,
Holborn
Training attachments
HQ and 4 squadrons

In accordance with the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw.7, c.9) which brought the Territorial Force into being, the TF was intended to be a home defence force for service during wartime and members could not be compelled to serve outside the country. However, on the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914, many members volunteered for Imperial Service. Therefore, TF units were split into 1st Line (liable for overseas service) and 2nd Line (home service for those unable or unwilling to serve overseas) units. 2nd Line units performed the home defence role, although in fact most of these were also posted abroad in due course. Later, a 3rd Line was formed to act as a reserve, providing trained replacements for the 1st and 2nd Line batteries.[8]

1/A Battery, HAC

The 1st Line battery was embodied with the London Mounted Brigade on 4 August 1914 at the outbreak of the First World War and concentrated in Berkshire.[10] A decision was made to form a new mounted division from the mounted brigades in and around the Churn area of Berkshire. On 2 September 1914, 2nd Mounted Division, with Headquarters at Goring, came into being and London Mounted Brigade was assigned to the new division.[11] I Brigade and II Brigade, RHA (T.F.)[a] were formed for the division and the battery was assigned to II Brigade, RHA at Churn, along with B Battery, HAC and Berkshire and Nottinghamshire Batteries RHA.[14]

In November 1914, the division moved to Norfolk on coastal defence duties.[11] Artillery headquarters was established at Cromer, before joining the divisional headquarters at Hanworth in December, and A Battery, HAC was at Mundesley (London Mounted Brigade was at Hanworth).[15]

Overseas service

In March 1915, the 2nd Mounted Division was put on warning for overseas service. In early April, the division starting leaving Avonmouth and the last elements landed at Alexandria before the end of the month. By the middle of May, the horse artillery batteries were near Ismaïlia on Suez Canal Defences.[15]

The 2nd Mounted Division was dismounted in August 1915 and served at Gallipoli.[16] The artillery batteries and ammunition columns (along with the signal troops, mobile veterinary sections, Mounted Brigade Transport and Supply Columns and two of the Field Ambulances) were left behind in Egypt.[15] The division returned from Gallipoli in December 1915 and was reformed and remounted.[17]

The battery rejoined the division on 13 December, but on 20 December it entrained at Alexandria for the Western Desert, concentrating at Mersa Matruh on 7 January 1916.[18] Thereafter, it served as part of the Western Frontier Force in the Senussi Campaign, taking part in the Affair at Halazin (23 January 1916).[19] The battery returned to Alexandria on 6 March and was rearmed with four 18 pounders. It returned to the Suez Canal Defences on 6 April and rejoined the 8th Mounted Brigade (the redesignated London Mounted Brigade). The brigade left for Salonika in November without the battery which joined the Australian 4th Light Horse Brigade when it was reformed in February 1917.[18] It remained attached to the 4th ALH Brigade for the rest of the war.[20]

Imperial Mounted Division

The Imperial Mounted Division was formed in Egypt in January 1917; 4th Light Horse Brigade was one of the four cavalry brigades selected to form the division. A Battery, HAC joined the division on formation and was assigned to XIX Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (T.F.).[21][b] In practice, the battery remained attached to 4th ALH Brigade.

The battery, and its brigade, served with the Imperial Mounted Division in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign as part of the Desert Column. With the division, it took part in the advance across the Sinai, including the First (26 – 27 March 1917) and Second Battles of Gaza (17 – 19 April 1917).[22]

Australian Mounted Division
Gunners of A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company, attached to the Australian 4th Light Horse Brigade, crouch between their 13 pounder quick fire field guns and a cactus hedge near Belah, Palestine, in March 1918.

In June 1917, the Desert Column was reorganised from two mounted divisions of four brigades each (ANZAC and Imperial Mounted Divisions) to three mounted divisions of three brigades each (ANZAC, Australian – Imperial Mounted Division renamed – and the new Yeomanry Mounted Division).[23] On 20 June 1917, the Imperial Mounted Division was redesignated as Australian Mounted Division as the majority of its troops were now Australian.[21] On 12 August 1917, the Desert Column disappeared and the Desert Mounted Corps was formed.[24]

The battery served with the Australian Mounted Division throughout the rest of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. As part of the Desert Mounted Corps, the division took part in the Third Battle of Gaza (by now re-equipped with four 13 pounders),[25] in particular the Capture of Beersheba (31 October) and the Battle of Mughar Ridge (13 and 14 November), and the defence of Jerusalem against the Turkish counter-attacks (27 November – 3 December).[22]

Still part of the Desert Mounted Corps, the division took part in the Second Trans-Jordan Raid (30 April – 4 May 1918).[22] XIX Brigade, RHA supported the 4th Light Horse Brigade in the advance on the Jisr ed Damiye–Es Salt track on 30 April. The next day, a strong Turkish force attacked from the direction of Jisr ed Damiye and soon the artillery was in danger. B Battery, HAC was in the rear and managed to get away with all but one of their guns (stuck in a wadi) but the Nottinghamshire RHA and A Battery, HAC were less fortunate. Machine gun fire cut down the horse teams before the guns could be gotten away. XIX Brigade lost 9 guns in total, the only guns to be lost in action in the entire campaign.[26][27]

Its final action was the capture of Damascus (1 October).[22]

After the Armistice of Mudros, the division was withdrawn to Egypt and started to demobilise. The last of the Australians returned home in April and May 1919.[22] A Battery, HAC were reduced to cadre in Egypt on 25 October 1919.[2]

2/A Battery, HAC

2/A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company
ActiveSeptember 1914 – 1919
Country United Kingdom
Branch British Army
TypeArtillery
SizeBattery
Part of2/1st London Mounted Brigade
CXXVI Brigade, RFA
EquipmentOrdnance BL 15 pounder
Ordnance BLC 15-pounder
Ordnance QF 18-pounder
EngagementsFirst World War
Western Front

A Battery formed a 2nd line in September 1914, initially designated as the A (Reserve) Battery, HAC. It was redesignated as 2/A Battery, HAC on 26 September.[28]

The battery joined the 2nd line 2/1st London Mounted Brigade when it was formed in March 1915.[29] On 6 March 1915, the 2/2nd Mounted Division was formed to replace 2nd Mounted Division which had been warned for overseas service. The brigade joined the division on East Coast Defences by June 1915 and concentrated at Aylsham with the battery at Reepham.[30][c]

The batteries of the division were quite unready for war. Three had no horses, the fourth had just 23; three batteries had over 200 men on average, but the other just 91; one battery had no ammunition and another reported that its 15-pounders were "practically useless".[30]

In November 1915, the battery received four Ordnance BLC 15-pounders.[32] It remained with the division when it was redesignated as 3rd Mounted Division in March 1916 and as 1st Mounted Division[d] in July 1916.[30] In early 1917, the battery was armed with four 18 pounders.[32]

Army Field Brigade

CXXVI Brigade, RFA was reformed[e] at Heytesbury, Wiltshire in May 1917 with 2/A Battery and 2/B Battery HAC, both with six 18 pounders.[32] The brigade (with the battery) landed at Boulogne on 22 June 1917 and it became an Army Field Brigade.[32][f] 2/1st Warwickshire RHA, by now also rearmed with 18 pounders, proceeded to France on 21 June 1917 and joined the brigade there.[8] The battery served on the Western Front for the rest of the war.[32]

At the Armistice, the battery (six 18 pounders) was still with CXXVI Brigade, RFA[38] serving as Army Troops with the First Army.[39] The battery entered Germany on 17 January 1919,[32] and was disbanded later the same year.[40]

A (Reserve) Battery, HAC

A (Reserve) Battery, HAC was formed in 1915 to replace the original reserve battery which had been redesignated as 2/A Battery on 26 September 1914.[28] It never left the United Kingdom and was disbanded later.[40]

Post war

On 7 February 1920, the Honourable Artillery Company was authorized to reconstitute four batteries of horse artillery in the Territorial Force. Only two were actually formed (A and B Batteries), and authorization for the other two was rescinded in 1921. The batteries were amalgamated with the City of London Yeomanry (Rough Riders) on 16 February to form the 11th (Honourable Artillery Company and City of London Yeomanry) Brigade, RHA with

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The basic organic unit of the Royal Artillery was, and is, the Battery.[12] When grouped together they formed brigades, in the same way that infantry battalions or cavalry regiments were grouped together in brigades. At the outbreak of the First World War, a field artillery brigade of headquarters (4 officers, 37 other ranks), three batteries (5 and 193 each), and a brigade ammunition column (4 and 154)[13] had a total strength just under 800 so was broadly comparable to an infantry battalion (just over 1,000) or a cavalry regiment (about 550). Like an infantry battalion, an artillery brigade was usually commanded by a Lieutenant-Colonel. Artillery brigades were redesignated as regiments in 1938. Note that the battery strength refers to a battery of six guns; a four-gun battery would be about two thirds of this.
  2. ^ The other three batteries were Berkshire RHA, Nottinghamshire RHA, and B Battery, HAC.[21] All four batteries were originally part of the 2nd Mounted Division.[14]
  3. ^ 2/1st Nottinghamshire, 2/1st Warwickshire and 2/1st Berkshire RHA formed the other three batteries of the division.[31]
  4. ^ Not to be confused with the original 1st Mounted Division which became 1st Cyclist Division, also in July 1916.[33]
  5. ^ The original CXXVI Brigade, RFA was formed from November 1914 as an 18 pounder gun brigade for the original 32nd Division in Kitchener's Fourth New Army. The divisions of the Fourth New Army were broken up on 10 April 1915 and the brigade was transferred to the 37th Division.[34] It joined the division on 15 April as a 4.5" howitzer brigade[35] and proceeded to France with the division at the end of July 1915.[36] It served with the division on the Western Front until 28 January 1917 when it was broken up.[37]
  6. ^ Army Field Artillery Brigades were artillery brigades that were excess to the needs of the divisions, withdrawn to form an artillery reserve.

References

Template:Research help

  1. ^ a b "1st Regiment, Honourable Artillery Company at regiments.org by T.F.Mills". Archived from the original on 16 August 2007. Retrieved 2015-01-08. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c d Frederick 1984, p. 112
  3. ^ Williams, Basil; Childers, Erskine, eds. (1903). The H.A.C. in South Africa : a record of the services rendered in the South African War by members of the Honourable Artillery Company. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 2.
  4. ^ a b Westlake 1992, p. 3
  5. ^ Westlake 1992, p. 5
  6. ^ Conrad, Mark (1996). "The British Army, 1914". Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  7. ^ Clarke 2004, p. 23
  8. ^ a b c Baker, Chris. "The Royal Horse Artillery". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  9. ^ Conrad, Mark (1996). "The British Army, 1914".
  10. ^ Rinaldi 2008, p. 58
  11. ^ a b Rinaldi 2008, p. 36
  12. ^ "The Royal Artillery". Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom). Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Baker, Chris. "What was an artillery brigade?". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
  14. ^ a b Becke 1936, p. 12
  15. ^ a b c Becke 1936, p. 16
  16. ^ James 1978, p. 35
  17. ^ Becke 1936, p. 17
  18. ^ a b Becke 1936, p. 14
  19. ^ Farndale 1988, p. 64
  20. ^ "4th Australian Light Horse Brigade". Australian Light Horse Studies Centre. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  21. ^ a b c Perry 1992, p. 54
  22. ^ a b c d e Perry 1992, p. 56
  23. ^ Becke 1936, p. 34
  24. ^ Becke 1945, p. 38
  25. ^ Farndale 1988, p. 95
  26. ^ Farndale 1988, p. 123
  27. ^ Farndale 1988, Annex 9
  28. ^ a b Rinaldi 2008, p. 242
  29. ^ James 1978, pp. 23, 24
  30. ^ a b c Becke 1936, p. 25
  31. ^ Becke 1936, p. 22
  32. ^ a b c d e f Becke 1936, p. 24
  33. ^ Becke 1936, p. 6
  34. ^ Becke 1945, p. 135
  35. ^ Becke 1945, p. 75
  36. ^ Becke 1945, p. 78
  37. ^ Becke 1945, p. 76
  38. ^ BEF GHQ 1918, p. 79
  39. ^ BEF GHQ 1918, p. 7
  40. ^ a b Frederick 1984, p. 113

Bibliography

  • Becke, Major A.F. (1936). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 1-871167-12-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Becke, Major A.F. (1945). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 3B. New Army Divisions (30–41) & 63rd (RN) Division. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 1-871167-08-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Clarke, Dale (2004). British Artillery 1914–19 Field Army Artillery. Vol. Volume 94 of New Vanguard Series. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-688-7. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Farndale, General Sir Martin (1988). The Forgotten Fronts and the Home Base, 1914–18. History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Woolwich: The Royal Artillery Institution. ISBN 1-870114-05-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Frederick, J.B.M. (1984). Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978. Wakefield, Yorkshire: Microform Academic Publishers. ISBN 1-85117-009-X. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • James, Brigadier E.A. (1978). British Regiments 1914–18. London: Samson Books Limited. ISBN 0-906304-03-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Perry, F.W. (1992). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5A. The Divisions of Australia, Canada and New Zealand and those in East Africa. Newport, Gwent: Ray Westlake Military Books. ISBN 1-871167-25-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Rinaldi, Richard A (2008). Order of Battle of the British Army 1914. Ravi Rikhye. ISBN 978-0-97760728-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Westlake, Ray (1992). British Territorial Units 1914–18. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-168-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Order of Battle of the British Armies in France, November 11th, 1918. France: General Staff, GHQ. 1918.
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