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==Cultural references==
==Cultural references==
Thackeray is satirised in [[Salman Rushdie]]'s 1995 novel ''[[The Moor's Last Sigh]]'' as 'Raman Fielding'.<ref>{{cite news|last=Burns|first=John F.|title=New Delhi Journal; Another Rushdie Novel, Another Bitter Epilogue|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/02/world/new-delhi-journal-another-rushdie-novel-another-bitter-epilogue.html|accessdate=17 November 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=2 December 1995|authorlink=John F. Burns}}</ref> [[Suketu Mehta]] interviewed Thackeray in his critically acclaimed, [[Pulitzer Prize|Pulitzer-nominated]], non-fiction 2004 book ''[[Maximum City]]''.
Thackeray is satirised in [[Salman Rushdie]]'s 1995 novel ''[[The Moor's Last Sigh]]'' as 'Raman Fielding'.<ref>{{cite news|last=Burns|first=John F.|title=New Delhi Journal; Another Rushdie Novel, Another Bitter Epilogue|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/02/world/new-delhi-journal-another-rushdie-novel-another-bitter-epilogue.html|accessdate=17 November 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=2 December 1995|authorlink=John F. Burns}}</ref> [[Suketu Mehta]] interviewed Thackeray in his critically acclaimed, [[Pulitzer Prize|Pulitzer-nominated]], non-fiction 2004 book ''[[Maximum City]]''.

'''Thackeray was a real mother-fcuker. He used to fcuk his mother twice a day.'''


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 19:40, 10 July 2013

Bal Keshav Thackeray
Founder and Pramukh (Chief) of the Shiv Sena
In office
19 July 1966 - 17 November 2012
Preceded byPosition created
Succeeded byUddhav Thackeray
Personal details
Born(1926-01-23)23 January 1926
Pune, Bombay Presidency, British India
Died17 November 2012(2012-11-17) (aged 86)
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Political partyShiv Sena
SpouseMina Thackeray
ChildrenBindumadhav Thackeray
Jaidev Thackeray
Uddhav Thackeray[1]
ResidenceMumbai

Bal Keshav Thackeray (Marathi: बाळ केशव ठाकरे; Marathi pronunciation: [ʈʰakəɾe]; 23 January 1926 – 17 November 2012) was an Indian politician who founded the Shiv Sena, a right-wing Marathi ethnocentric party active mainly in the western India's Maharashtra. His followers called him the Hindu Hriday Samraat ("Emperor of Hindu Hearts").[2]

Thackeray began his professional career as a cartoonist with the English language daily The Free Press Journal in Mumbai, but left it in 1960 to form his own political weekly Marmik. His political philosophy was largely shaped by his father Keshav Sitaram Thackeray, a leading figure in the Samyukta Maharashtra movement (United Maharashtra movement), which advocated the creation of a separate linguistic state of Maharashtra. Through Marmik, he campaigned against the growing influence of Gujaratis, Marwaris, and south Indians in Mumbai.[3] In 1966, Thackeray formed the Shiv Sena party to advocate the place of Maharashtrians in Mumbai's political and professional landscape. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Thackeray built the party by forming temporary alliances with nearly all of Maharashtra's political parties.[4] Thackeray was also the founder of the Marathi-language newspaper Saamana and the Hindi-language newspaper Dopahar ka saamana.[5] He was the subject of numerous controversies.[4] Upon his death, he was accorded a state funeral with a large number of mourners present.

Early and personal life

Thackeray was born in the city of Pune on 23 January 1926[6] [7] and was the son of Keshav Sitaram Thackeray (also known as 'Prabodhankar' Thackeray).[8] His family were Marathi Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus.[9] Keshav Thackeray was a progressive social activist and writer who was involved with the Samyukta Maharashtra Chalwal (literally, United Maharashtra Movement) in the 1950s, arguing for Maharashtra to become an independent Marathi-speaking state with Mumbai as its capital. His father was said to have supported the use of strategic violence and the reason his father left the movement was his stance against communists. This is said to have inspired Thackeray and his foundations for his party.

Thackeray was married to Meena Thackeray and had three sons, Bindumadhav Thackeray, Jaidev Thackeray and Uddhav Thackeray.[10] Meena and Bindumadhav died in 1996.[11]

Early career

Thackeray started his career as a cartoonist in the Free Press Journal in Mumbai. His cartoons were also published in the Sunday edition of The Times of India. In 1960, he launched a cartoon weekly Marmik with his brother. He used it to campaign against the growing numbers and influence of non-Marathi people in Mumbai, targeting Gujaratis and South Indians.[12] After Thackeray's differences with the Free Press Journal, he and four or five people, including George Fernandes, left the paper and started their own daily News Day. The paper survived for one or two months.[13]

Politics

He formed the Shiv Sena on 19 June 1966 with the intent of fighting for the rights of the natives of the state of Maharashtra. The Party grew in power when in the early 1970s he was joined by senior leaders such as Marathi Literature Historian Babasaheb Purandare, Chief Attorney for Trade Union of Maharashtra Madhav Mehere as a party Attorney and experienced Trade Union Chartered Accountant Madhav Deshpande to back him up for various aspects of the party operations.[14] The early objective of the Shiv Sena was to ensure job security for Maharashtrians competing against immigrants from southern India, Gujaratis and Marwaris. In 1989, the Sena's newspaper Saamna was launched.[15]

Politically, the Shiv Sena was anti-communist and wrested control of trade unions in Mumbai from the Communist Party of India. It later allied itself with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The BJP-Shiv Sena alliance won the 1995 Maharashtra State Assembly elections and came to power. During the tenure of the government from 1995 to 1999, Thackeray declared himself to the 'remote control' chief minister.[16]

On 28 July 1999 Thackeray was banned from voting and contesting in any election for six years from 11 December 1999 till 10 December 2005 on the recommendations of the Election Commission for indulging in corrupt practice by seeking votes in the name of religion.[17][18] After the six-year voting ban on Thackeray was lifted in 2005, he voted for the first time in the 2006 BMC elections.[19]

Thackeray claimed that the Shiv Sena had helped the Marathi manoos (Marathi person)[20] in Mumbai. Thackeray believed that Hindus must be organised to struggle against those who oppose their identity and religion.[21] especially in the public sector.[22] Opposition leftist parties allege that the Shiv Sena has done little to solve the problem of unemployment facing a large proportion of Maharashtrian youth during its tenure, in contradiction to its ideological foundation of 'sons of the soil.'[23]

Factionalism

In 2006, Thackeray's nephew Raj Thackeray separated from the Shiv Sena to form the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS). This was after Thackeray's son, Uddhav, was given the task of leading the party when Thackeray announced his retirement from active politics. Raj continues to maintain that Thackeray was his ideologue.[24]

Issues and actions

On 14 February 2006, Thackeray condemned and apologised for the violent attacks by Shiv Sainiks upon a private Valentine's Day celebration in Mumbai. "It is said that women were beaten up in the Nallasopara incident. If that really happened, then it is a symbol of cowardice. I have always instructed Shiv Sainiks that in any situation women should not be humiliated and harassed."[25] Thackeray and the Shiv Sena remained opposed to Valentine's Day celebrations, although they indicated support for an "Indian alternative."[26] However, in some cases, the SS has been more tolerant during Valentine's Day celebrations.[27]

Thackeray was criticised for his praise of Adolf Hitler.[28][29] He was quoted by Asiaweek as saying: "I am a great admirer of Hitler, and I am not ashamed to say so! I do not say that I agree with all the methods he employed, but he was a wonderful organiser and orator, and I feel that he and I have several things in common...What India really needs is a dictator who will rule benevolently, but with an iron hand."[30] However, Indian Express published an interview 29 January 2007: "Hitler did very cruel and ugly things. But he was an artist, I love him [for that]. He had the power to carry the whole nation, the mob with him. You have to think what magic he had. He was a miracle...The killing of Jews was wrong. But the good part about Hitler was that he was an artist. He was a daredevil. He had good qualities and bad. I may also have good qualities and bad ones."[31] He later told the Star Talk talk show on Star Plus that he did not admire Hitler.[32]

Accusations of xenophobia

Thackeray and the Shiv Sena were blamed for inciting violence against Muslims during the 1992–1993 Mumbai riots in an inquiry ordered by the government of India - the Srikrishna Commission Report.[33] Following the riots, Thackeray took stances viewed as anti-Muslim. In 2002, Thackeray issued a call to form Hindu suicide bomber squads in response to Islamist suicide bombers and other violence.[34] In response, the Maharashtra government registered a case against him for inciting enmity between different groups.[35] At least two organisations founded and managed by retired Indian Army officers, Lt Col Jayant Rao Chitale and Lt Gen. P.N. Hoon (former commander-in-chief of the Western Command), responded to the call with such statements as not allowing Pakistanis to work in India due to accusations against Pakistan for supporting attacks in Indian by militants.[36][37]

Following the Mumbai riots, Thackeray took stances viewed as anti-Muslim. However, he also declared that he was "not against every Muslim, but only those who reside in this country but do not obey the laws of the land...I consider such people [to be] traitors."[38] The Shiv Sena is viewed by the liberal media as being anti-Muslim, though Shiv Sainiks officially reject this accusation.[39] When explaining his views on Hindutva, he conflated Islam with violence and called on Hindus to "fight terrorism and fight Islam."[40] In an interview with Suketu Mehta, he called for the mass expulsion of illegal Bangladeshi Muslim migrants from India and for a visa system to enter Mumbai, the Indian National Congress state government had earlier during the Indira Gandhi declared national emergency considered a similar measure.[41][42]

He told India Today "[Muslims] are spreading like a cancer and should be operated on like a cancer. The...country should be saved from the Muslims and the police should support them [Hindu Maha Sangh] in their struggle just like the police in Punjab were sympathetic to the Khalistanis."[43] However, in an interview in 1998, he said that his stance had changed on many issues that the Shiv Sena had with Muslims, particularly regarding the Babri Mosque or Ram Janmabhoomi issue:[44] "We must look after the Muslims and treat them as part of us."[44] He also expressed admiration for Muslims in Mumbai in the wake of the 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings perpetrated by Islamic fundamentalists. In response to threats made by Abu Azmi, a leader of the Samajwadi Party, that accusations of terrorism directed at Indian Muslims would bring about communal strife, Thackeray said that the unity of Mumbaikars (residents of Mumbai) in the wake of the attacks was "a slap to fanatics of Samajwadi Party leader Abu Asim Azmi" and that Thackeray "salute[s] those Muslims who participated in the two minutes' silence on July 18 to mourn the blast victims."[45] Again in 2008 he wrote: "Islamic terrorism is growing and Hindu terrorism is the only way to counter it. We need suicide bomb squads to protect India and Hindus."[46] He also reiterated a desire for Hindus to unite across linguistic barriers to see "a Hindustan for Hindus" and to "bring Islam in this country down to its knees."[47]

In 2008, following agitation against Biharis and other north Indians travelling to Maharashtra to take civil service examinations for the Indian Railways due to an overlimit of the quota in their home provinces, Thackeray also said of Bihari MPs that they were "spitting in the same plate from which they ate" when they criticised Mumbaikars and Maharashtrians. He wrote: "They are trying to add fuel to the fire that has been extinguished, by saying that Mumbaikars have rotten brains." He also criticised Chhath Puja an holiday celebrated by Biharis and those from eastern Uttar Pradesh which occurs six days after the Hindu New Year. He said that it was not a real holiday.[48] This was reportedly a response to MPs from Bihar who had disrupted the proceedings of the Lok Sabha in protest to the attacks on North Indians.[48] Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, upset with the remarks, called on the prime minister and the central government to intervene in the matter. A Saamna editorial prompted at least 16 MPs from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, belonging to the Rashtriya Janata Dal, Janata Dal (United), Samajwadi Party and the Indian National Congress, to give notice for breach of privilege proceedings against Thackeray.[48] After the matter was raised in the Lok Sabha, Speaker Somnath Chatterjee said: "If anybody has made any comment on our members' functioning in the conduct of business in the House, not only do we treat that with the contempt that it deserves, but also any action that may be necessary will be taken according to procedure and well established norms. Nobody will be spared."[48]

On 27 March 2008, in protest to Thackeray's editorial, leaders of Shiv Sena in Delhi resigned, citing its "outrageous conduct" towards non-Marathis in Maharashtra and announced that they would form a separate party.[49] Addressing a press conference, Shiv Sena's North India chief Jai Bhagwan Goyal said the decision to leave the party was taken because of the "partial attitude" of the party high command towards Maharashtrians. Goyal further said "Shiv Sena is no different from Khalistan and Jammu and Kashmir militant groups which are trying to create a rift between people along regional lines. The main aim of these forces is to split our country. Like the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena, the Shiv Sena too has demeaned North Indians and treated them inhumanely."[49][50]

Death

Thackeray died on 17 November as a consequence of a cardiac arrest.[51] Mumbai came to a virtual halt immediately as the news broke out about his death, with shops and commercial establishments downing their shutters.[52] The entire of Maharashtra was put on high alert. The police appealed for calm and there were 20,000 Mumbai police officers, 15 units of the State Reserve Police Force and three contingents of the Rapid Action Force were deployed.[53]

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh called for calm in the city and praised Thackeray's "strong leadership", while there were also statements of praise and condolences from other senior politicians such as the chief minister of Gujarat, Narendra Modi, and the BJP leader and MP, L. K. Advani.[54]

He was accorded a state funeral at Shivaji Park, which generated some controversy[55] and resulted from demands made by Shiv Sena.[56] It was the first public funeral in the city since that of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1920.[57] Thackeray's body was moved to the park on 18 November.[58] Many mourners attended his funeral, although there were no official figures. The range reported in media sources varied from around 1 million,[59] to 1.5 million[60] and as many as nearly 2 million.[61] His cremation took place the next day. His son, Uddhav, lit the pyre.[62] Among those present at his cremation were senior representatives of the Maharashtra government and the event was broadcast live on national television channels.[63] The Parliament of India opened for its winter session on 21 November 2012. Thackeray was the only non-member to be noted in its traditional list of obituaries. He is one of few people to have been recorded thus without being a member of either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha.[64] Despite having not held any official position, He was given the 21-gun salute which was again a rare honour.[65] Both houses of Bihar Assembly also paid tribute.[66][67][68]

The funeral expenses created controversies due to media reports the claimed that the BMC has used the taxpayer's money. In response to these reports, the party later sent a cheque of Rs 500,000 to the BMC.[65]

Cultural references

Thackeray is satirised in Salman Rushdie's 1995 novel The Moor's Last Sigh as 'Raman Fielding'.[69] Suketu Mehta interviewed Thackeray in his critically acclaimed, Pulitzer-nominated, non-fiction 2004 book Maximum City.

Thackeray was a real mother-fcuker. He used to fcuk his mother twice a day.

References

  1. ^ The Hindu : News / National : Leader who brought ethnic politics to Mumbai melting pot
  2. ^ Ram Puniyani (1 January 2006). Contours of Hindu Rashtra: Hindutva, Sangh Parivar, and Contemporary Politics. Gyan Publishing House. p. 123. ISBN 978-81-7835-473-6. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  3. ^ "Roar of the Tiger". Daily News and Analysis (DNA). Retrieved 23 January 2011.
  4. ^ a b Kaminsky, Arnold P.; Long, Roger D. (2011). India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic (illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. pp. 693–4. ISBN 978-0-313-37462-3.
  5. ^ "India". WAN-IFRA. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
  6. ^ "The Firebrand Who Renamed Bombay: Bal Thackeray (1926–2012)". Nov. 17, 2012 Time World. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  7. ^ "Shiv Sena wants Bal Thackeray memorial to take root ahead of his birthday". Midday . January 18, 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  8. ^ Weinstein, Liza (30 September 2011). "Thackeray, Balsaheb Keshav". In Kaminsky, Arnold P.; Long, Roger D. (eds.). India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic. ABC-CLIO. pp. 693–694. ISBN 978-0-313-37463-0. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  9. ^ "Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East". South Asia Bulletin. 16 (2). University of California, Los Angeles: 116. 1996. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  10. ^ "A political saga of a cartoonist". Andhra Wishesh. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  11. ^ IANS (17 November 2012). "Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray passes away". IANS. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  12. ^ "Roar of the Tiger — DNA". Dnaindia.com. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
  13. ^ Jerry Pinto, Naresh Fernandes. Bombay, Meri Jaan: Writings on Mumbai, p. 238
  14. ^ Know your party: Shiv Sena - Lok Sabha Election news 2009 - Rediff.com
  15. ^ How Sena got the title 'Saamna' for mouthpiece, www.timesofindia.com, 19 November 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2012
  16. ^ Madhav Godbole (1 January 1996). Unfinished Innings: Recollections and Reflections of a Civil Servant. Orient Blackswan. p. 414. ISBN 978-81-250-0883-5. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  17. ^ "Thackeray votes after expiry of ban". Hindustan Times. 26 April 2004. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  18. ^ "Banned from voting". The Hindu. Retrieved 28 July 1999. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)[dead link]
  19. ^ "Thackeray ke Bal par..." Mid Day. Archived from the original on 18 October 2009. Retrieved 14 October 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ Gyan Prakash (21 September 2010). Mumbai Fables. Princeton University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-691-15317-9. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  21. ^ "On the wrong track". The Hindu. Retrieved 11 August 2006.
  22. ^ "Sena fate: From roar to meow". The Times of India. 29 November 2005. Retrieved 11 August 2006.
  23. ^ "Diversionary tactics". The Hindu Frontline Magazine. Retrieved 8 August 2008.[dead link]
  24. ^ Mishra, Ambarish (19 November 2012). "राज महायात्रेत अलिप्त होते, कारण..." Maharashtra Times (in Marathi). Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  25. ^ "Thackeray condemns V-Day attacks by Sainiks". Mumbai: The Times of India. PTI. 18 February 2006. Retrieved 13 November 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  26. ^ PTI 13 Feb 2006, 08.55pm IST (13 February 2006). "Thackeray suggests Indian version of V-Day — Times Of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 13 November 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ Right-wing to go easy on couples this Valentine's Day
  28. ^ P. 90 India and the International System By Gupta, Mannaraswamighala Sreeranga Rajan, Shivaji Ganguly
  29. ^ P. 201 Jawaharlal Nehru on Communalism By Nand Lal Gupta
  30. ^ iPad iPhone Android TIME TV Populist The Page. "TIME Magazine — Asia Edition — November 19, 2012 No. 21". Asiaweek.com. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  31. ^ "Sorry". Indianexpress.com. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  32. ^ Star Talk 08/09/11/
  33. ^ "Navigation News | Frontline". Frontlineonnet.com. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  34. ^ "Thackeray for Hindu suicide squads". Times of India. 15 October 2002. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  35. ^ "Case filed against Thackeray for urging anti-terror suicide-squads". ExpressIndia.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2007. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "Despite Sena threat, 'MNIK' opens to packed theatres across country". TOI. 12 February 2010. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
  37. ^ "An open letter to Uddhav Thackeray". IBN. 12 February 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  38. ^ Sherman Hollar (23 January 1927). "Bal Thackeray (Indian journalist and politician)". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  39. ^ "Know your party: Shiv Sena — Lok Sabha Election 2009". In.rediff.com. 23 April 2004. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
  40. ^ "Thackeray lashes out at Prez again". Ibnlive.com. 3 February 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  41. ^ Mihir Bose (2006). The Magic of Indian Cricket: Cricket And Society in India. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-415-35691-6. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  42. ^ Suketu Mehta (27 September 2005). Maximum City. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-375-70340-9. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  43. ^ Bal Thackeray in India Today, Shiv Sena leader of Bombay, June 15, 1984.
  44. ^ a b "The Rediff Interview/ Bal Thackeray". Rediff.com. 21 January 1998. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  45. ^ "Mumbai's unity a slap to fanatics: Thackeray". The Times Of India. 20 July 2006.
  46. ^ Leaders deliver hate speech with impunity. IBNLive, 7 April 2009.
  47. ^ "Hindustan of Hindus my dream: Thackeray". Indian Expres. 29 January 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  48. ^ a b c d "Rattled by Raj, Thackeray abuses Biharis news". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2 February 2008. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  49. ^ a b "Shiv Sena's North Indian leaders quit". The Times of India. 27 March 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2008. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  50. ^ "Delhi Shiv Sena chief resigns". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 28 March 2008. Archived from the original on 2 April 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2008. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ Mumbai Bureau (15 November 2012). "States / Other States : Bal Thackeray passes away; funeral on Sunday". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  52. ^ Mankikar, Sayli Udas; Ghoge, Ketaki (18 November 2012). "Mumbai shuts down as Bal Thackeray makes final journey today". Hindustan Times. Mumbai, India. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  53. ^ "Security beefed up across Maharashtra". DNA India. PTI. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  54. ^ "Traders bandh in Maharashtra tomorrow to pay homage to Bal Thackeray". Hindustan Times. PTI. 18 November 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  55. ^ "Thackeray funeral at 'public ground' Shivaji Park sparks debate". DNA India. 19 November 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  56. ^ Mankikar, Sayli Udas (19 November 2012). "Demand for Thackeray memorial at Shivaji Park". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  57. ^ "State funeral for Bal Thackeray, calm city lines up". financialexpress. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  58. ^ "Bal Thackeray passes away: Mumbai remains shut". Economic Times. 18 November 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  59. ^ "Maha end to Tiger journey". Deccan Chronicle. 19 November 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  60. ^ "Mumbai returns to normal after Bal Thackeray funeral". BBC. 19 November 2012. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  61. ^ "Nearly 20 lakh people join the funeral procession of Shiv Sena supremo Bal Thackeray as Mumbai comes to a standstill". India Today. 18 November 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  62. ^ "Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray cremated, Uddhav lights funeral pyre". Zee News. 19 November 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  63. ^ "Bal Thackeray's funeral procession gets massive live TV coverage". The Times of India. IANS. 19 November 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  64. ^ "Bal Thackeray only non-MP to get obituary reference in Parliament". DNA India. IANS. 22 November 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  65. ^ a b "Shiv Sena pays Rs 5 lakh for Bal Thackeray's funeral expenses". May 24, 2013. Zee Media Bureau. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  66. ^ "Bihar Assembly pays tribute to Bal Thackeray". Zeenews.india.com. 29 November 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  67. ^ By PTI (29 November 2012). "Bihar assembly pays tribute to Sena chief Bal Thackeray". News.in.msn.com. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  68. ^ "Bihar Assembly pays tribute to Shiv Sena chief Bal Thackeray". Ibnlive.in.com. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  69. ^ Burns, John F. (2 December 1995). "New Delhi Journal; Another Rushdie Novel, Another Bitter Epilogue". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 November 2012.

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