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Blairgowrie and Rattray

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Blairgowrie
Blairgowrie town centre
Population7,965 [1] (2001 census)
est. 8,090[2] (2006)
OS grid referenceNO178452
Council area
Lieutenancy area
CountryScotland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBLAIRGOWRIE
Postcode districtPH10
Dialling code01250
PoliceScotland
FireScottish
AmbulanceScottish
UK Parliament
Scottish Parliament
List of places
UK
Scotland

Blairgowrie and Rattray (/blɛərˈɡaʊri ənd ˈrætreɪ/) is a twin burgh in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. Locals refer to the town as "Blair". Blairgowrie is the larger of the two former burghs which were united by an Act of Parliament in 1928 and lies on the southwest side of the River Ericht while Rattray is on the northeast side. Rattray claims to be the older and certainly Old Rattray, the area round Rattray Kirk, dates back to the 12th century. New Rattray, the area along the Boat Brae and Balmoral Road dates from 1777 when the River was spanned by the Brig o' Blair. The town lies on the north side of Strathmore at the foot of the Grampian Mountains. The west boundary is formed by the Knockie, a round grassy hill, and Craighall Gorge on the Ericht. Blairgowrie and Rattray developed over the centuries at the crossroads of several historic routes with links from the town to Perth, Coupar Angus, Alyth and Braemar. The roads to Coupar Angus and Braemar form part of General Wade's military road from Perth to Fort George. The town's centrepiece is the Wellmeadow, a grassy triangle in the middle of town which hosts regular markets and outdoor entertainment.

Following the restoration of city status on Perth in 2012,[3] Blairgowrie and Rattray has become the largest town in Perthshire.

The name

The name Blairgowrie means "Plain of Gowrie" in Scottish Gaelic, in which language it is spelt Blàr Ghobharaidh[4][5][6][7] or Blàr Ghobhraidh.[8] The name Rattray is Raitear in Gaelic, and may derive from an English language cognate of Gaelic ràth meaning "fortress" plus a Pictish term cognate with Welsh tref meaning "settlement".

Unusually – given its location – the town features bilingual street signs (in English and Gaelic). This feature dates back to 1996, when a local campaign persuaded An Comunn Gàidhealach to hold the National Mòd in the town despite its location in the Lowlands area of the country. The bilingual signs were part of this campaign.[citation needed]

History

Early history

The Cleaven Dyke

The area around Blairgowrie has been occupied continuously since the Neolithic, as evidenced from the Cleaven Dyke, a cursus monument 2 miles SSW of the town,[9] as well as a Neolithic long mortuary enclosure 4 miles WSW at Inchtuthil.[10] Several stone circles of this age can also be found in the area, notably the circle bisected by the road at Leys of Marlee, 1 mile to the west of Blairgowrie.[11]

Numerous Neolithic and Bronze Age artifacts have been found in the immediate area, including a number of flint arrowheads, spearheads, knives and scrapers found at Carsie, half a mile to the south of Blairgowrie, and which are now displayed at Perth Museum,[12] and bronze axes,[13] and a bronze sword now in Kelvingrove Museum, Glasgow.[14]

The remains of a Roman legionary fort can be found 4 miles WSW of Blairgowrie at Inchtuthil, dating from the decade 80-90. Unencumbered by subsequent development, this is considered to be one of the most important archaeological sites in Britain.[15]

Pictish sculptured stones at Meigle Museum

Pictish remains are in abundance in this part of Scotland and one of the largest collections of Pictish sculptured stones is housed 5 miles to the East of the town at the Meigle Sculptured Stone Museum. The size of the collection, all of which were found in Meigle, suggests this was an ecclesiastical centre of some importance in the 8th to 10th centuries.[16]

Modern History

From around 1600 to the turn of the 19th century, Blairgowrie had a fairly stable population, recorded at 425 inhabitants at in the first Statistical Account in 1792. The second Statistical Account of 1853 notes a disproportionate increase due to an influx of families attracted by the expanding textiles industry.[17] Gaelic was declining but still partially spoken in the upper part of the parish at that time, with all speaking English.

Blairgowrie was made a barony in favour of George Drummond of Blair in 1634 by a royal charter of Charles I, and became a free burgh in 1809. In 1724 the military road from Coupar Angus to Fort George which passes through the town on the line of the A923 and A93 was completed.

The town expanded hugely in the 19th century thanks to the employment provided by the many textile mills which were built along the River Ericht, all now closed. By 1870 there were 12 mills along the river employing nearly 2000 men and women and the population had increased from 400 in the 1700s to 4000. Some of the disused mill buildings can be seen from the riverside walk west from the bridge and from Haugh Road to the east . Keithbank Mill has been converted to apartments.

Soft fruit growing, mainly raspberries and strawberries developed in the 20th century and became a very important part of the town's economy with Smedleys opening a cannery in Haugh Road, Adamsons a jam factory in Croft Lane and huge quantities of table berries and pulp being despatched to markets and jam factories throughout Britain. Berry pickers were brought in by bus from Perth and Dundee, and large encampments were set up on farms for pickers from further afield, mainly from the Glasgow area, who made this their annual holiday. They were joined by the travelling community who congregated here for the berry season. One of the best examples was the Tin City at Essendy, which housed workers in a complex of tin huts with its own chapel, post office, shop, kitchens, etc.

The coming of the railway revolutionised the textile and soft fruit trade, but the last train ran in the 1960s, and the extensive railway yards are now the site of the Tesco supermarket and Welton Road industrial estate.

Blairgowrie had a busy livestock market at the bottom of the Boat Brae but this closed in the 1960s and is now the site of the Ashgrove Court sheltered housing complex.

Rattray church.

A short distance upstream from the bridge on the riverside path is Cargill's Leap, a historic site where Donald Cargill, a minister and covenanter, escaped Government troops by jumping over the rocky gorge of the River Ericht.

Just outside the Rattray boundary on the A93 is Craighall Castle, the ancestral home of the chieftain of the Clan Rattray. The castle occupies a dominating position on the edge of the gorge above the river but unfortunately is no longer occupied by a Rattray, having been sold in 2010.

Newton Castle, home to the current chieftain of the Clan Macpherson, Sir William Macpherson, and Ardblair Castle, home to the Blair Oliphant family, both have Jacobite history and according to legend are connected by a secret tunnel.

Economy

Entrance to Wellmeadow

Much of the expanding population works in the nearby cities of Dundee and Perth. The surrounding area is still the soft fruit centre of Scotland, and the local population increases greatly in summer when Eastern European students travel to harvest the fruit, mainly raspberries and strawberries.

The local weekly newspaper is the Blairgowrie Advertiser, colloquially known as "the Blairie", which is now produced and printed in Perth by Scottish Universal Newspapers.

There are regular Saturday outdoor markets in the Wellmeadow with stalls offering local produce and occasional Continental Markets with traders from all over Europe.

Bridge over the River Ericht, joining Blairgowrie and Rattray

Education

The new Blairgowrie Campus opened in Elm Drive in 2009 incorporating Newhill Primary and St Stephens RC Primary. Newhill primary holds about 360 children while St Stephens RC primary is a smaller unit holding about 70 pupils. Rattray Primary serves children on that side of the river. Blairgowrie High School in Beeches Road provides secondary education for all round the area.

Public transport

Stagecoach provide all the bus services to and from Blairgowrie with routes to Perth, Dundee, Alyth, Coupar Angus, Dunkeld, Aberfeldy, Kirkmichael and Glenshee as well as a circular town service. The nearest railway stations are Perth and Dunkeld and Birnam and the nearest airport is Dundee.

Culture

In 1996, Blairgowrie hosted the Royal National Mòd.[18]

Sport

Football

Blairgowrie and Rattray is home to the Scottish Junior Football East Region Premier League side Blairgowrie F.C. as well as the Scottish Amateur Football Association sides Rattray A.F.C. and Balmoral United A.F.C. which play in the Perthshire Amateur League.

Golf

Blairgowrie Golf Club was founded in 1889. There are now two 18 hole courses, Rosemount and Lansdowne, and a 9-hole course.

Skiing

The Glenshee Ski Centre in Glenshee (Glenshee or Gleann Shith which translates from Gaelic as Glen of the Fairies), is some 18 miles to the north at the Cairnwell Pass on the A93 Braemar road which is the highest public road in the UK.

Hillwalking

Blairgowrie is normally considered the start and finish of the marked 64 mile (103 km) Cateran Trail long distance walk which follows a circular route through Glenericht and Strathardle to Bridge of Cally, Kirkmichael and Enochdhu, over Ben Earb to Spittal of Glenshee, through Glenshee and Glenisla to Kirkton of Glenisla and Alyth and finally back to Blairgowrie. The trail is divided into five stages and can easily be walked in five days or less although winning teams in the annual "Cateran Yomp" regularly complete the 64 miles in under eleven hours.

Rattray

The traditional ball game of Rattray no longer takes place, but the Rattray silver ball, the trophy retained by the winners, is still in existence. It is believed to have been donated by Sylvester Rattray of Nether Persie who became minister of Rattray in 1591 and continued there until his death in 1623.[19] The Rattray silver ball is now kept at Perth Museum and Art Gallery.[20]

Highland Games

Blairgowrie Highland Games are held annually on the first Sunday of September in Bogles Field on Essendy Road. It is noted for its Hill Race and its mass tug o'war where as many contestants as possible from Blairgowrie and Rattray compete against each other.

The evening before is known as Braemar Night with entertainment in the Wellmeadow and fireworks along the river. This tradition started in the 1960s to encourage travellers returning from Braemar Highland Games (then held on a Thursday) which then attracted huge numbers of visitors due to the attendance of the Royal Family to stop in the town and quickly grew into a huge programme of entertainments, pipe bands, fireworks, funfairs etc. which drew tens of thousands not only returning south from Braemar but on special excursions from Perth and Dundee.

When Blairgowrie Games restarted in the 1980s Braemar Games had moved to the first Saturday in September and the following day seemed an appropriate date for Blair Games. Braemar Night has evolved into a more refined smaller all day event aimed at locals but is still extremely popular. The main feature and finale is a spectacular firework display along the River Ericht which draws large crowds onto the bridge which is temporarily closed and along the riverside areas.[citation needed]

Twin cities

Namesakes

Blairgowrie, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Blairgowrie, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa were named after the town.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Comparative Population Profile: Blairgowrie Locality". Scotland's Census Results Online. 2001-04-29. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
  2. ^ http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/publications-and-data
  3. ^ "Perth wins Diamond Jubilee contest to be named seventh Scottish city". BBC News. 2012-03-14.
  4. ^ Iain Mac an Tàilleir. "Placenames" (PDF). Scottish Parliament. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
  5. ^ "Blàr Ghobharaidh - Fiosrachadh Meòire". An Comunn Gàidhealach. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
  6. ^ "I'm No Comin Oot the Noo (and 379 others)". Tobar an Dualchais. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
  7. ^ "Am Mòd Nàiseanta - Ionadan gach bliadhna". Sabhal Mòr Ostaig. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
  8. ^ "Database". Ainmean Àite na h-Alba. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
  9. ^ Barclay, G; Maxwell, G.S. (1998), The Cleaven Dyke and Littleour: monuments in the Neolithic of Tayside, Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph Series, Kings Stanley, Gloucestershire: Past Historic, retrieved 2009-12-02
  10. ^ Barclay, G.J.; Maxwell, G.S.; Mills, C. (2002). "Excavation of a Neolithic long mortuary enclosure within the Roman legionary fortress at Inchtuthil, Perthshire" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 121: 27–44. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
  11. ^ Coles, F.R. (1909). "Report on stone circles surveyed in Perthshire (Southeast district), with measured plans and drawings obtained under the Gunning fellowship" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 43: 93–130. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
  12. ^ Canmore database, Carsie, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, retrieved 2009-12-03
  13. ^ Cowie, T; Reid, A. (1986). "Some recent finds of Bronze-Age metalwork from Perthshire" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 116: 69–88. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
  14. ^ Coles, J.M. (1959). "Scottish Late Bronze Age Metalwork: Typology, Distributions and Chronology" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 93: 16–134. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
  15. ^ Breeze, D.J. (2002), Roman Forts in Britain (2 ed.), Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire: Shire Publications, retrieved 2009-12-03
  16. ^ Ritchie, A (1989), Picts: An Introduction to the Life of the Picts and the Carved Stones in the Care of the Secretary of State for Scotland, Edinburgh: HMSO Publications
  17. ^ McDonald, R. (1843), "Parish of Blairgowrie", The new statistical account of Scotland, vol. 10, pp. 897–933, retrieved 2009-12-03
  18. ^ "Mod News: Royal Seal of Approval". 1 Oct 2010. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  19. ^ Perthshire Diary - The Rattray silver ball - January 30th 1623
  20. ^ Silver ball of Rattray
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