Bothremydidae
| Bothremydidae Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Gafsachelys spp. skull | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Suborder: | Pleurodira |
| Hyperfamily: | Pelomedusoides |
| Family: | †Bothremydidae Baur, 1891 |
Bothremydidae is an extinct family of side-necked turtles. They belong to suborder Pleurodira and the order Testudines. Like their modern relatives, bothremydidids often inhabited freshwater, but several species were instead marine;[1] they are unrelated to modern sea turtles. They were actively mobile omnivores. They became extinct in the Oligocene or Miocene.Gaffney, E. S., Tong, H. & Meylan, P. A. 2006. Evolution of the side-necked turtles: the families Bothremydidae, Euraxemydidae, and Araripemydidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 300, 1-700.[2]
The family is split into two subfamilies and a number of tribes.[3]
Bothremydidae
- Subfamily Bothremydinae Gaffney et al. 2006
- Tribe Bothremydini Gaffney et al. 2006
- Subtribe Bothremydina Gaffney et al. 2006
- Araiochelys Gaffney et al. 2006
- Araiochelys hirayamai Gaffney et al. 2006
- Bothremys Leidy 1865 (jr synonym: Karkaemys)
- Bothremys arabicus (Zalmout et al. 2005)
- Bothremys cooki Leidy 1865
- Bothremys kellyi Gaffney et al. 2006
- Bothremys maghrebiana Gaffney et al. 2006
- Chedighaii Gaffney et al. 2006
- Chedighaii barberi (Schmidt 1940)
- Chedighaii hutchisoni Gaffney et al. 2006
- Rosasia Costa 1940
- Rosasia soutoi Carrington da Costa 1940
- Inaechelys Carvalho 2016
- Inaechelys pernambucensis Caralho 2016
- Zolhafah Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
- Zolhafah bella Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
- Araiochelys Gaffney et al. 2006
- Subtribe Foxemydina Gaffney et al. 2006
- Elochelys Nopsca 1931
- Elochelys convenarum Laurent et al. 2002
- Elochelys perfecta Nopsca 1931
- Foxemys Tong et al. 1998
- Foxemys mechinorum Tong et al. 1998
- Polysternon Portis 1882
- Polysternon atlanticum Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996
- Polysternon provinciale (Matheron 1869)
- Puentemys Cadena et al., 2012
- Puentemys mushaisaensis Cadena et al., 2012
- Elochelys Nopsca 1931
- Subtribe Bothremydina Gaffney et al. 2006
- Tribe Taphrosphyini Gaffney et al. 2006
- Subtribe Nigermydina Gaffney et al. 2006
- Arenila Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
- Arenila krebsi Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
- Arenila Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
- Subtribe Taphrosphyina Gaffney et al. 2006
- Azabbaremys Gaffney et al. 2001
- Azabbaremys moragjonesi Gaffney et al. 2001
- Phosphatochelys Gaffney and Tong 2003
- Phosphatochelys tedfordi Gaffney and Tong 2003
- Rhothonemys Gaffney et al. 2006
- Rhothonemys brinkmani Gaffney et al. 2006
- Taphrosphys Cope 1869 (jr synonyms: Amblypeza, Bantuchelys, Prochonias)
- Taphrosphys congolensis (Dollo 1912)
- Taphrosphys dares Hay 1908 (nomen dubium)
- Taphrosphys ippolitoi Gaffney et al. 2006
- Taphrosphys sulcatus (Leidy 1856)
- Ummulisani Gaffney et al. 2006
- Ummulisani rutgersensis Gaffney et al. 2006
- Crassachelys (nomen dubium)
- Crassachelys neurirregularis (Bergounioux 1952)
- Eusarkia (nomen dubium)
- Gafsachelys Stefano 1903 (nomen dubium)
- Labrostochelys Gaffney et al. 2006
- Labrostochelys galkini Gaffney et al. 2006
- Azabbaremys Gaffney et al. 2001
- Subtribe Nigermydina Gaffney et al. 2006
- Tribe Cearachelyini Gaffney et al. 2006
- Cearachelys Gaffney et al.
- Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney et al. 2001
- Galianemys Gaffney et al. 2002
- Galianemys emringeri Gaffney et al. 2002
- Galianemys whitei Gaffney et al. 2002
- Cearachelys Gaffney et al.
- Tribe Bothremydini Gaffney et al. 2006
- Subfamily Kurmademydinae Gaffney et al. 2006
- Tribe Kurmademydini Gaffney et al. 2006
- Kinkonychelys Gaffney et al. 2009
- Kinkonychelys rogersi Gaffney et al. 2009
- Kurmademys Gaffney et al. 2001
- Kurmademys kallamedensis Gaffney et al. 2001
- Sankuchemys Gaffney et al. 2003
- Sankuchemys sethnai Gaffney et al. 2003
- Kinkonychelys Gaffney et al. 2009
- Tribe Kurmademydini Gaffney et al. 2006
Phylogeny
Below is a cladogram by Gaffney et al. in 2006:[4]
References
- ^ Anny Rafaela de Araújo Carvalho; Aline Marcele Ghilardi; Alcina Magnólia Franca Barreto (2016). "A new side-neck turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Paleocene (Danian) Maria Farinha Formation, Paraíba Basin, Brazil". Zootaxa 4126 (4): 491–513. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4126.4.3.
- ^ Adán Pérez-García, A new turtle confirms the presence of Bothremydidae (Pleurodira) in the Cenozoic of Europe and expands the biostratigraphic range of Foxemydina, The Science of Nature August 2016, 103:50 First online: 04 June 2016
- ^ The Paleontology Database Bothremydidae entry accessed on 26 January 2011
- ^ Gaffney, E.S.; Haiyan, T.; Meylan, P.A. (2006). "EVOLUTION OF THE SIDE-NECKED TURTLES: THE FAMILIES BOTHREMYDIDAE, EURAXEMYDIDAE, ANDARARIPEMYDIDAE". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 300: 700.