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Brava, Cape Verde

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For other uses, see Brava (disambiguation).
Brava
Nickname: Ilha das flores (island of the flowers)
Map
Geography
LocationAtlantic Ocean
Coordinates14°52′N 24°42′W / 14.867°N 24.700°W / 14.867; -24.700
Area67 km2 (26 sq mi)
Length24 km (14.9 mi)
Width16 km (9.9 mi)
Highest elevation976 m (3202 ft)
Administration
Cape Verde
Demographics
Population5971
Pop. density89.1/km2 (230.8/sq mi)

Brava (Portuguese for “wild”) is an island in Cape Verde. It is the smallest inhabited island, but at the same time the greenest, of Cape Verde, in the Sotavento group. First settled in the 1540s, its population grew after Mount Fogo on neighbouring Fogo erupted in 1675. For more than a century, its main industry was whaling, but the island economy is now primarily agricultural.

History

Main article: Timeline of Brava, Cape Verde

Brava was "discovered" in 1462 by Portuguese sailors. The Portuguese founded a settlement here in 1573 by sailors from the Azores and Madeira (some sources dated 1620). Sir Francis Drake visited the island in 1579.

In 1680, most inhabitants fled from the nearby larger island of Fogo after its volcano erupted and lava began to flow and devastate most of the east of that island, they added a small part to the population of the island. In the 17th and the 18th centuries, pirates raided the bays of the island. Piracy continued until the 19th century, when whaling was common from the ships of Europe and North America.

Emigration began as US whaleships carried people from Brava to the northeastern part of North America, especially along the Eastern Seaboard. Most of the immigrants from Brava settled in Boston and New Bedford, Massachusetts, and Providence, Rhode Island, where there were numerous Cape Verdean and Portuguese immigrants. In the 19th century, many of the men continued to work in whaling. An American consulate was opened in 1843 and existed until 1978, when the US established an embassy in the capital city of Praia.[1]

Geography

The uninhabited islets Ilhéus Secos or Ilhéus do Rombo with parts of the town of Nova Sintra.

Its length is more than 11 km extending north to south at its extremities and its width is over 9 km from the eastern extremity to Esperadinha. Its shoreline is between 30 and 40 km making it second to Santa Luzia.[2]

Practically the whole island is a stratovolcano. It lies in the lee of the enormous Fogo volcano. Volcanic activity on the island has been mainly located along three lines, which all intersect at the crest of ground that forms the highest part of the island.[2] Brava has no documented historical eruptions, but its youthful volcanic morphology and the fact that earthquake swarms still occur indicate the potential for future eruptions; its last eruption was during the Holocene era.

North of Brava are two small islands with four uninhabited islets; three of them are west of Ilhéu de Cima, the islands are Ilhéu Grande, Brava is being one of five main islands that have a surrounding islet or two.

The island's main town is Vila Nova Sintra. The island has elementary and secondary schools, churches, and a square (praça) in honour of the musician Eugénio Tavares.

Nova Sintra.

Key inhabited places include the village of Vila Nova Sintra.[2]All of the five main villages lie north of the mountaintop, which has four main roads including Furna - Vila Nova Sintra and Fajã de Agua and south to Nossa Senhora do Monte and slightly south of the mountaintop, some of them are by the shore. The mountain valleys dominate the south, the east and the west. The north has a few valleys. Monte Fontainhas is the highest point on the highland elevating 978 metres.

The village of Furna has a commercial port, the other is Fajã de Agua which is only used for fishing.

Precipitation arrives from the trade wind clouds. The island is covered with a leeward cloud so that evaporation is reduced and the vegetation is more abundant.

Climate

Being highly mountainous this island has quite diverse climate. Brava island has moderate tropical climate (As according to Köppen–Geiger climate classification system) along the coast and semi-arid mild tropical climate Bsh with very balanced temperatures year round in the interior. The average annual temperature on the coast is about 23–25 °C (73–77 °F), decreasing to some 17–20 °C (63–68 °F) in the mountains. There can be remarkably cool weather with warmer wet season starting in June and ending in November with colder dry season starting in December and ending in May.

Climate data for Cachaço, south of Nova Sitra, 800 metres ASL
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 18.7
(65.7) 		18.6
(65.5) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.8
(67.6) 		20.4
(68.7) 		21.0
(69.8) 		22.2
(72.0) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.3
(73.9) 		22.6
(72.7) 		21.7
(71.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		20.9
(69.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.2
(61.2) 		16.1
(61.0) 		16.6
(61.9) 		16.9
(62.4) 		17.6
(63.7) 		18.4
(65.1) 		19.4
(66.9) 		20.5
(68.9) 		20.8
(69.4) 		20.4
(68.7) 		19.1
(66.4) 		17.4
(63.3) 		18.3
(64.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.8
(56.8) 		13.6
(56.5) 		13.8
(56.8) 		14.1
(57.4) 		14.9
(58.8) 		15.8
(60.4) 		16.7
(62.1) 		17.9
(64.2) 		18.4
(65.1) 		18.2
(64.8) 		16.5
(61.7) 		15.2
(59.4) 		16.9
(62.4)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 11
(0.4) 		5
(0.2) 		1
(0.0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		17
(0.7) 		83
(3.3) 		123
(4.8) 		53
(2.1) 		33
(1.3) 		20
(0.8) 		346
(13.6)
Source: climate-data.org[3]

Demographics

Population

As of 1832, the population was estimated at 8,000.[4]

Population of Brava, Cape Verde (1940—2010)
1940[5] 1950[5] 1960[5] 1970[5] 1980[5] 1990[5] 2000[6] 2010[7]
8528 7937 8625 7756 6985 6975 6804 5971

Economy

The main economy of the island is agricultural, related to irrigation and fishing (the island's main production). Main agricultural goods include coffee, potatoes including sweet potatoes, corn (maize), banana and sugar cane.[2] Trading and private households depend on income from Cape Verdean residents from North America. Brava never had a lot of tourism. Tourism has slowly increased. The island is unsuitable for beach tourism because the steep shoreline allows few beaches.

Attractions and amenities

A monument to Eugênio Tavares

Politics

Brava has two seats, in the 2011 election, it had a PAICV and a MpD seat. In the 2016 elections, 40% of the seat was won by the MpD.

Sporting teams

Main article: Brava Island League

Infrastructure

"Aluguer" bus in the village Nossa Senhora do Monte.

The airport, inaugurated in 1992, was closed because of the strong winds. The airline service ended in 2004.

Until recently, there was a daily ferry (an ex-fishing boat) connecting Brava and Fogo. Since January 2011, Brava can be reached from Praia (and Fogo) almost exclusively via the passenger/cargo ferry, the Kriola. The Kriola is the first of Cabo Verde Fast Ferry's fleet of inter-island catamarans and connects the Sotavento islands of Santiago, Fogo, and Brava. The Kriola typically leaves Furna, its home port, at 7:30 AM on days of operation and returns between 9:30 and 11 PM, depending on the day. The route is typically BRAVA-FOGO-SANTIAGO-FOGO-BRAVA; at least one day a week it makes a BRAVA-FOGO-BRAVA run. Travel time between Brava and Fogo is approximately 0:40 and approximately 3:30 between Fogo and Santiago (Praia).

The main harbour of Brava is Furna, on the east coast of the island. Buses and taxis are common, especially when the Kriola arrives in port.

On Brava the villages may be reached by "Aluguer" bus. There is no fixed schedule, as the aluguers travel only when there are sufficient passengers. A few taxis are available as well.

Notable residents

  • Eugénio Tavares, musician; he used the traditional morna and wrote in Cape Verdean Creole. A statue dedicated to Eugénio Tavares is in the main square of Vila Nova Sintra, surrounded by a garden with trees, sunflowers, flowers, grass and other types of plants.
  • Hermano da Pina and Armando da Pina live on the Eastern Seaboard of the United States; their parents emigrated there from Brava.
  • Sandra Orlando (née Fernandez das Neves).
  • Vinny deMacedo - Massachusetts State Representative & State Senate candidate was born in Brava.

References

  1. ^ https://cv.usembassy.gov/embassy/praia
  2. ^ a b c d "Brava – sua situação geográfica" [Brava, its Geographic Location]. A Semana (in Portuguese). 31 March 2004. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
  3. ^ Climate-Data.org http://en.climate-data.org/location/789800/. Retrieved 28 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ^ Roberts, Edmund (1837). Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 17.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Source: Statoids
  6. ^ Source: Instituto Nacional de Estatísticas Archived 2008-11-18 at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ^ Portal do Instituto Nacional de Estatística: INE - CENSO 2010.

Further reading

  • "Brava" (Armand d'Avezac et al., L'Univers. Îles de l'Afrique (The Universe, Islands of Africa), Firmin Didot frères, Paris, 1848, p. 208-210)
  • Michel Lesourd, "Sal", Le Cap-Vert,, Jaguar, Paris, 2006, p. 116-125 ISBN 978-2-86950-408-0
  • Richard A. Lobban Jr et Paul Khalil Saucier, "Sal", Historical dictionary of the Republic of Cape Verde, Scarecrow Press, Lanham, Maryland ; Toronto ; Plymouth, 2007, p. 43-44 ISBN 978-0-8108-4906-8
  • Sabrina Requedaz et Laurent Delucchi, "Sal, le vent" ("Sal, the Wind"), Cap-Vert (Cape Verde), Olizane, Geneva, 2011 (6th ed.), p. 159-171 ISBN 978-2-88086-394-4
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