Brighton trunk murders
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The Brighton trunk murders were two murders linked to Brighton, England, in 1934. In each, the dismembered body of a murdered woman was placed in a trunk.
The murders led to Brighton being dubbed "The Queen of Slaughtering Places" (a play on "The Queen of Watering Places")[1]
Unsolved June murder
The first murder came to light on 17 June 1934, when an unclaimed plywood trunk was noticed by William Joseph Vinnicombe at the left luggage office of Brighton railway station as he investigated a smell. He alerted the police and Chief Inspector Ronald Donaldson opened the trunk to find the dismembered torso of a woman. When other stations were alerted a suitcase at King's Cross railway station was found to contain the legs. The head and arms were never found. The press named the victim 'The Girl with the Pretty Feet' or simply 'Pretty Feet' because the corpse had 'Dancer's Feet', thought beautiful.[citation needed]
The post-mortem by Sir Bernard Spilsbury revealed that the woman was about 25 and five months pregnant.[2] Neither the victim nor the murderer was ever identified.
Chief Inspector Donaldson suspected a local abortionist named Massiah based on what was known about him and on Spilsbury's notes:
Internal examination of the torso had not revealed the cause of death; the legs and feet found at King's Cross belonged to the torso; the victim had been well nourished; she had been not younger than twenty-one and not older than twenty-eight, had stood about five feet two inches, and had weighed roughly eight and a half stones; she was five months pregnant at the time of death.
Donaldson asked officers to watch Massiah covertly. One, drafted from Hove, confronted Massiah, expecting him to come quietly. Instead the doctor wrote a list of names and "...it seemed to the policeman that the sun had gone in: all of a sudden the consulting room was a place of sombre shadows....".[3][citation needed]
The policeman did not tell Donaldson, who heard only when he was warned by a senior officer to back off. Massiah moved to London where a woman died while he was performing an abortion, yet he evaded prosecution. He remained on the General Medical Register and was removed only after he failed to re-register in 1952, following his retirement to Port of Spain, Trinidad.[citation needed] Spilsbury, always on the lookout for evidence of illegal abortions, described no evidence of interference with the pregnancy, and noted that the dismemberment showed no particular anatomical skill [4]
Violette Kaye and Toni Mancini
Although the first murder was almost certainly unrelated to the second, it did lead to discovery of the second trunk murder.
The victim was Violette Kaye (née Watts, also known as Saunders), aged 42. She had been a dancer and prostitute in London, where she had met Toni Mancini, aged 26, a petty criminal with a criminal record including theft and loitering who worked as a waiter and bouncer.[5] He was also known as Cecil Lois England (his real name), Jack Notyre, Tony English and Hyman Gold.[6] They moved to Brighton together in September 1933.
Kaye and Mancini’s relationship was tempestuous. One argument occurred on 10 May 1934 at the Skylark café on the seafront, where Mancini worked, when an obviously drunk Kaye accused him of being familiar with a teenage waitress called Elizabeth Attrell.[7] Kaye was never seen again and the following day Mancini told friends she had gone to Paris, and gave some of her clothes and belongings to Attrell. Her sister-in-law also received a telegram saying that she had taken a job abroad, which read "Going abroad. Good job. Sail Sunday. Will write. --Vi"; it was later established that this had been sent from Brighton that morning, by which time Kaye was already dead.[8]
Mancini then took new lodgings in 52 Kemp Street, close to the station, and transported a trunk there by handcart. He put the trunk at the foot of his bed, covered it with a cloth and used it as a coffee table – in spite of the smell and leaking fluids, of which visitors complained.[8]
Kaye’s absence had been noted by police and Mancini was questioned. Apparently panicked, he went on the run. During investigation related to the unsolved trunk murder, police searched premises close to the station and stumbled upon Kaye’s remains in Mancini’s lodgings. Mancini was arrested in South East London. The post mortem was carried out by Sir Bernard Spilsbury.[6]
Trial
Mancini's trial opened in December 1934 in Lewes Assizes and lasted five days. The prosecution was led by J C Cassells and on his team was Quintin Hogg (later Lord Hailsham). Norman Birkett was defence counsel.[6]
The prosecution focused on Kaye’s death by a blow to the head. A graphologist confirmed the handwriting on the form for the telegram sent to Kaye’s sister matched that on menus Mancini had written at the Skylark café. One witness, Doris Saville, said Mancini had asked her to provide a false alibi. Other witnesses, friends of Mancini, claimed he boasted in the days after the murder of giving his "missus" the biggest hiding of her life.[citation needed]
Birkett’s defence focused on Kaye’s work as a prostitute and her character. Mancini claimed he had discovered Kaye’s body at the flat in Park Crescent, Brighton. Thinking the police would not believe his story because he had a criminal record he kept the matter a secret and put her body in a trunk. Birkett speculated she could have been murdered by a client or fallen down steps into the flat.[6]
The quality and nature of the forensic evidence was also drawn into doubt by the defence who queried the amount of morphine in Kaye’s blood and proved that items of clothing stained with blood had been purchased after Kaye’s death. The testimony of Sir Bernard Spilsbury, whose stellar career as principal Home Office pathologist was already in decline, was effectively demolished by the brilliant cross-examination and closing speech of Norman Birkett.[9] A number of witnesses also confirmed that Mancini and Kaye had seemed a contented couple.[citation needed]
After two and a quarter hours the jury returned a verdict of not guilty.[6]
In 1976, just before his death, Mancini confessed to a News of the World journalist. He explained that during a blazing row with Kaye she had attacked him with the hammer he had used to break coal for their fire. He had wrested the hammer from her, but when she had demanded it back, he had thrown it at her, hitting her on the left temple. A prosecution of Mancini for perjury was considered but rejected due to lack of corroboration.[10]
The case was dramatized in a 1951 episode of Orson Welles' radio drama The Black Museum titled "The Hammerhead" (with the story being changed to reveal the victim's sister as the killer).[citation needed]
1831 murder
The press attention to the 1934 trunk murders revived interest in a previous Brighton trunk murder. In the nineteenth century, John Holloway murdered his wife Celia Holloway, a painter on the Chain Pier, then transported her body in a trunk on a wheelbarrow to Lover’s Walk in Preston Park, Brighton, and buried the remains. Holloway was arrested, tried in Lewes and hanged at Horsham gaol on 16 December 1831.[11]
See also
References
- ^ "My Brighton and Hove – Brighton: The name". www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
- ^ Andrew Rose, 'Lethal Witness' Sutton Publishing 2007, Kent State University Press 2009 pp233-234
- ^ Jonathan Goodman) The Railway Murders, Allison & Busby 1984
- ^ Andrew Rose op cit p240
- ^ Bowker 1961, p. 146
- ^ a b c d e Wilson 1984
- ^ Bowker 1961, p. 147
- ^ a b Bowker 1961, p. 148
- ^ Andrew Rose op cit Chapter Twenty 'Tony Mancini: The Brighton Trunk Murders'.
- ^ "The National Archives – Sussex Police Authority". www.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
- ^ Rowland, David (2008). The Brighton Trunk Murders. Finsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9539392-8-2.
- Wilson, Colin; Patricia Pitman (1984). Encyclopedia of Murder. Pan Books. pp. 427–428. ISBN 0-330-28300-6.
- Bowker, A. E. (1961). A Lifetime with the Law. London: W. H. Allen & Co.
