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Chess Olympiad

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35th Chess Olympiad, Bled 2002

The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams from all over the world compete against each other. The event is organised by FIDE, which selects the host nation.

Birth of the Olympiad

The first Olympiad was unofficial. For the 1924 Olympics an attempt was made to include chess in the Olympic Games but this failed because of problems with distinguishing between amateur and professional players.[1] While the 1924 Summer Olympics was taking place in Paris, the 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad also took place in Paris. FIDE was formed on Sunday, July 20, 1924, the closing day of the 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad.[2]

FIDE organised the first Official Olympiad in 1927 which took place in London.[1] The Olympiads were occasionally held annually and at irregular intervals until World War II; since 1950 they have been held regularly every two years.[1]

Growth of Chess Olympiads
There were 16 participating nations in the 1st Chess Olympiad, 1927.
By the 37th Chess Olympiad, 2006, there were 133 participating nations.

Recognised sport

Chess is recognized as a sport by the International Olympic Committee (IOC);[3] since June 1999 FIDE has been the recognized International Sports Federation.[3][4][5][6] As a member of the IOC, FIDE adheres to its rules, including, controversially, a requirement for doping tests.[7][8][9][10] The prospects of chess becoming an Olympic sporting event at some future date remain unclear. The use of the name "Chess Olympiad" for FIDE's team championship is of historical origin and implies no connection with the Olympic Games.

Competition

Each FIDE recognized chess association can enter a team into the Olympiad.[1] Each team is made of up to five players, four regular players and one reserve (prior to the tournament in Dresden 2008 there were two reserves[11]).[1] Initially each team played all other teams but as the event grew over the years this became impossible.[1] At first team seeding took place before the competition.[1] Later certain drawbacks were recognized with seeding and in 1976 a Swiss tournament system was adopted.[1]

The trophy for the winning team in the open section is the Hamilton-Russell Cup,[1] which was offered by the English magnate Frederick Hamilton-Russell as a prize for the 1st Olympiad (London 1927). The cup is kept by the winning team until the next event, when it is consigned to the next winner. The trophy for the winning women's team is known as the Vera Menchik Cup in honor of the first Women's World Chess Champion.

The 2010 Olympiad was held in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia. The 2012 Olympiad was held in Istanbul, Turkey and the 2014 Olympiad will be in Tromsø, Norway.

Bobby Fischer's score card from his round 3 game against Miguel Najdorf in the 1970 Chess Olympiad.
Symbol of 6th Chess Olympiad in Warsaw 1935 by J.Steifer


Olympiads and top results in the open section

Year Event Location Gold Silver Bronze
1924 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad (individual)		 France Paris, France Czechoslovakia 31 Hungary 30 Switzerland 29
1926 2nd unofficial Chess Olympiad
The Team Tournament
(part of FIDE summit)		 Hungary Budapest, Hungary Hungary 9 Yugoslavia 8 Romania 5
1927 1st Chess Olympiad United Kingdom London, United Kingdom Hungary 40 Denmark 38½ England 36½
1928 2nd Chess Olympiad Netherlands The Hague, Netherlands Hungary 44 United States 39½ Poland 37
1930 3rd Chess Olympiad Germany Hamburg, Germany Poland 48½ Hungary 47 Germany 44½
1931 4th Chess Olympiad Czechoslovakia Prague, Czechoslovakia United States 48 Poland 47 Czechoslovakia 46½
1933 5th Chess Olympiad United Kingdom Folkestone, United Kingdom United States 39 Czechoslovakia 37½ Sweden 34
1935 6th Chess Olympiad Poland Warsaw, Poland United States 54 Sweden 52½ Poland 52
1936 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad
non-FIDE unofficial Chess Olympiad		 Germany Munich, Germany Hungary 110½ Poland 108 Germany 106½
1937 7th Chess Olympiad Sweden Stockholm, Sweden United States 54½ Hungary 48½ Poland 47
1939 8th Chess Olympiad Argentina Buenos Aires, Argentina Germany 36 Poland 35½ Estonia 33½
1950 9th Chess Olympiad Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia Yugoslavia 45½ Argentina 43½ West Germany 40½
1952 10th Chess Olympiad Finland Helsinki, Finland Soviet Union 21 Argentina 19½ Yugoslavia 19
1954 11th Chess Olympiad Netherlands Amsterdam, Netherlands Soviet Union 34 Argentina 27 Yugoslavia 26½
1956 12th Chess Olympiad Soviet Union Moscow, Soviet Union Soviet Union 31 Yugoslavia 26½ Hungary 26½
1958 13th Chess Olympiad Germany Munich, West Germany Soviet Union 34½ Yugoslavia 29 Argentina 25½
1960 14th Chess Olympiad East Germany Leipzig, East Germany Soviet Union 34 United States 29 Yugoslavia 27
1962 15th Chess Olympiad Bulgaria Varna, Bulgaria Soviet Union 31½ Yugoslavia 28 Argentina 26
1964 16th Chess Olympiad Israel Tel Aviv, Israel Soviet Union 36½ Yugoslavia 32 West Germany 30½
1966 17th Chess Olympiad Cuba Havana, Cuba Soviet Union 39½ United States 34½ Hungary 33½
1968 18th Chess Olympiad Switzerland Lugano, Switzerland Soviet Union 39½ Yugoslavia 31 Bulgaria 30
1970 19th Chess Olympiad Germany Siegen, West Germany Soviet Union 27½ Hungary 26½ Yugoslavia 26
1972 20th Chess Olympiad Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Skopje, Yugoslavia Soviet Union 42 Hungary 40½ Yugoslavia 38
1974 21st Chess Olympiad France Nice, France Soviet Union 46 Yugoslavia 37½ United States 36½
1976 22nd Chess Olympiad * Israel Haifa, Israel United States 37 Netherlands 36½ England 35½
1978 23rd Chess Olympiad Argentina Buenos Aires, Argentina Hungary 37 Soviet Union 36 United States 35
1980 24th Chess Olympiad Malta Valletta, Malta Soviet Union 39 Hungary 39 United States 35
1982 25th Chess Olympiad Switzerland Lucerne, Switzerland Soviet Union 42½ Czechoslovakia 36 United States 35
1984 26th Chess Olympiad Greece Thessaloniki, Greece Soviet Union 41 England 37 United States 35
1986 27th Chess Olympiad United Arab Emirates Dubai, United Arab Emirates Soviet Union 40 England 39 United States 38
1988 28th Chess Olympiad Greece Thessaloniki, Greece Soviet Union 40½ England 34½ Netherlands 34½
1990 29th Chess Olympiad Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Novi Sad, Yugoslavia Soviet Union 39 United States 35½ England 35½
1992 30th Chess Olympiad Philippines Manila, Philippines Russia 39 Uzbekistan 35 Armenia 34½
1994 31st Chess Olympiad Russia Moscow, Russia Russia 37½ Bosnia and Herzegovina 35 Russia II 34½
1996 32nd Chess Olympiad Armenia Yerevan, Armenia Russia 38½ Ukraine 35 United States 34
1998 33rd Chess Olympiad Russia Elista, Russia Russia 35½ United States 34½ Ukraine 32½
2000 34th Chess Olympiad Turkey Istanbul, Turkey Russia 38 Germany 37 Ukraine 35½
2002 35th Chess Olympiad Slovenia Bled, Slovenia Russia 38½ Hungary 37½ Armenia 35
2004 36th Chess Olympiad Spain Calviá, Spain Ukraine 39½ Russia 36½ Armenia 36½
2006 37th Chess Olympiad Italy Turin, Italy Armenia 36 China 34 United States 33
2008 38th Chess Olympiad Germany Dresden, Germany Armenia 19 Israel 18 United States 17
2010 39th Chess Olympiad Russia Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia Ukraine 19 Russia 18 Israel 17
2012 40th Chess Olympiad Turkey Istanbul, Turkey Armenia 19 Russia 19 Ukraine 18
2014 41st Chess Olympiad Norway Tromsø, Norway
2016 42nd Chess Olympiad Azerbaijan Baku, Azerbaijan

* In 1976 the Soviet Union and other communist countries did not compete for political reasons.

Total team ranking

The table contains the men's teams ranked by the medals won at the Chess Olympiad, not including the unofficial events, ranked by the number of first place medals, ties broken by second-place medals, etc.

Rank Country 1st place 2nd place 3rd place Total
1  Soviet Union 18 1 0 19
2  Russia 6 3 1 10
3  United States 5 5 9 19
4  Hungary 3 6 2 11
5  Armenia 3 0 3 6
6  Ukraine 2 1 3 6
7  Yugoslavia 1 6 5 12
8  Poland 1 2 3 6
9  Germany* 1 1 3 5
10  England 0 3 3 6
11  Argentina 0 3 2 5
12  Czechoslovakia 0 2 1 3
13  Netherlands 0 1 1 2
13  Sweden 0 1 1 2
13  Israel 0 1 1 2
16  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 1 0 1
16  China 0 1 0 1
16  Denmark 0 1 0 1
16  Uzbekistan 0 1 0 1
20  Bulgaria 0 0 1 1
20  Estonia 0 0 1 1
  • Includes the results of East Germany and West Germany.

Best individual results in the open section

The best individual results in order of overall percentage are:

# Player Country Olymp. Games Won Drawn Lost  %   Medals 
1 Tigran Petrosian  Soviet Union
10
 129 78 50 1 81.4 6 - 0 - 0
2 Mikhail Tal  Soviet Union
8
101 65 34 2 81.2 5 - 2 - 0
3 Anatoly Karpov  Soviet Union
6
 68 43 23 2 80.1 3 - 2 - 0
4 Isaac Kashdan  USA
5
 79 52 22 5 79.7 2 - 1 - 2
5 Vassily Smyslov  Soviet Union
9
 113 69 42 2 79.6 4 - 2 - 2
6 David Bronstein  Soviet Union
4
49 30 18 1 79.6 3 - 1 - 0
7 Garry Kasparov  Soviet Union (1)
8
 82 50 29 3 78.7 7 - 2 - 2
8 Alexander Alekhine  France
5
72 43 27 2 78.5 2 - 2 - 0
9 Milan Matulović  Yugoslavia
6
 78 46 28 4 76.9 1 - 2 - 0
10 Paul Keres  Soviet Union (2)
10
 141 85 44 12 75.9 5 - 1 - 1
11 Efim Geller  Soviet Union
7
 76 46 23 7 75.6 3 - 3 - 0
12 James Tarjan  USA
5
51 32 13 6 75.5 2 - 1 - 0
13 Bobby Fischer  USA
4
65 40 18 7 75.4 0 - 2 - 1
14 Mikhail Botvinnik  Soviet Union
6
73 39 31 3 74.7 2 - 1 - 2
15 Salo Flohr  Czechoslovakia
7
82 46 28 8 73.2 2 - 1 - 1


Fischer and Tal at the 1960 Olympiad

NOTES:

  • Only players participating to at least four Olympiads are considered in this table.
  • Medals indicated are only individual ones (not team), in the order gold - silver - bronze.
  • (1)  Kasparov played his first four olympiads for the Soviet Union, the rest for Russia. Four gold medals are for best-rating performance (first introduced at Thessaloniki 1984) and three for best score on first board.
  • (2)  Keres played his first three Olympiads for Estonia, the rest for the Soviet Union.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Brace, Edward R. (1977), An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess, Hamlyn Publishing Group, p. 64, ISBN 1-55521-394-4
  2. ^ FIDE History by Bill Wall. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  3. ^ a b Recognized Sports of the International Olympic Committee International Olympic Committee official website. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  4. ^ International Federation (IF) for chess. International Olympic Committee official website. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  5. ^ FIDE - Uniting the Chess World FIDE Official website. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  6. ^ ARISF Members Association of Recognized IOC International Sports Federation. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  7. ^ Complete FIDE Anti-Doping Documents FIDE official website. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  8. ^ Controversy over FIDE doping check ChessBase.com Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  9. ^ The Insanity of Drug Testing in Chess by Jeremy Silman Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  10. ^ Chess Olympiad in Dresden 2008 chinaorbit.com Retrieved 2 May 2008.
  11. ^ FIDE submits regulation changes for Chess Olympiad Fide.com

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