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Clan Chattan

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Clan Chattan
Profile
RegionHighland
DistrictInverness
Chief
Malcolm Mackintosh of Mackintosh-Torcastle and Clan Chattan (according to the most recent Clan Mackintosh history).
Historic seatTor Castle in Lochaber
Septs of Clan Chattan
Clan Mackintosh, Clan Macpherson, Clan Shaw of Tordarroch, Clan Farquharson, Clan MacBean, Clan Davidson, Clan MacPhail, Clan MacGillivray, Clan MacQueen of Strathdearn, Clan MacThomas, Clan Maclean of Dochgarroch, Clan MacIntyre of Badenoch

Clan Chattan (Scottish Gaelic: Na Catanaich or Scottish Gaelic: Clann Chatain)[1] is a Highland Scottish clan.[2] The clan is unique in highland clan history in that it was a community or confederation,[3] of twelve separate Scottish clans,[4] who each had their own clan chief recognized under Scottish law, but who were united under and bound to a superior chief of the confederation for mutual solidarity, sustenance and protection in the Middle Ages and early modern period in the Scottish Highlands.

Origins

There is a theory that the name Chattan came from the Catti who were a tribe of Gauls who had been driven out by the Romans.[2] Another theory is that the name comes from Catav in Sutherland.[2] The most widely accepted theory is that they descended from Gillichattan Mor who was the great servant of Saint Cathan.[2] Gillichattan is believed to have been the co-arb or bailie of the abbey lands of Ardchattan.[2]

In the time of Malcolm II of Scotland the Clan Chattan possessed the lands of Glenloy and Loch Arkaig.[2] It was here that Tor Castle became the clan chief's seat.[2] Not much is certain about the history of the clan until towards the end of the 13th century.[2] Eva, daughter of Gilpatric or Dougal Dall, 6th chief of Clan Chattan in Lochaber married Angus Mackintosh, 6th chief of the Clan Mackintosh in 1291.[2] Thus Angus Mackintosh became 7th chief of Clan Chattan.[5] They lived together at Tor Castle before withdrawing to Rothiemurchus due to the enmity of Aonghus Óg of Islay, chief of Clan Donald.[2] As a result, the lands at Arkaig were occupied by the Clan Cameron who claimed that they had been abandoned.[2] This was the beginning of a long and bitter feud that was fought between the Clan Chattan and Clan Cameron until 1666.[2]

Clans belonging to Clan Chattan

Tree showing the shared ancestry of the related chiefs of the Chattan Confederation. (click to enlarge).

Prior to the 14th century, the Clan Chattan was a conventional Scottish clan.[2] However it evolved into an alliance or confederation of clans which was made up firstly of the descendants of the original clan (Clan Cattanach, Clan Macpherson, Clan MacBean (or McBain), Clan MacPhail, secondly of the Clan Mackintosh and their cadet branches (Clan Shaw, Clan Farquharson, the Ritchies, and Clan MacThomas) and thirdly of families who were not originally related by blood (Clan MacGillivray, Clan Davidson, the Macleans of Dochgarroch, Clan Macqueen, the MacIntyres of Badenoch and the Clan Macandrews).[2]

Skene, however, gives a different version of how Clan Chattan was formed prior to the Mackintosh alliance.[6] Clan Vuirich (Clan MacPherson) and Clan Day (Clan Davidson) were the original co-founders and referred to as old Clan Chattan.[6] Added to these were six "stranger septs" who took protection from the clan.[6] These were Clan Vic Ghillevray (Clan MacGillivray), the Clan Vean (Clan MacBean), the Clan Vic Govies, the Clan Tarrel, the Clan Cheanduy, and the Sliochd Gowchruim or Smiths.[6]

According to Clan Chattan Association of the UK, clans that currently make up the Clan Chattan Association are as follows:[7]

Chiefs

The following is a list of the traditional chiefs of the Clan Chattan before marriage between Eva, heiress of Clan Chattan, with the Chief of Clan Mackintosh, through whose marriage a new line of Mackintosh Captains (Chiefs) of Clan Chattan was created :[5] See: Chiefs of Clan Mackintosh for later chiefs of Clan Chattan. In 1942, the Lyon Court separated the leadership of Clan MacKintosh and Clan Chattan. The leadership of Clan Chattan passed to the Mackintosh of Torcastle line.

No. Name
6 Dougal or Gilpatric, his daughter married Angus Mackintosh, 6th chief of Clan Mackintosh, thus Mackintosh became 7th chief of Clan Chattan.
5 Gillicattan
4 Muirach Macpherson, grandfather of the 3 branches of Clan Macpherson
3 Gillicattan
2 Diarmid
1 Gillcarten Mor, first known chief of Clan Chattan.

Council

Portrait of Cluny MacPherson, chief of the Clan Chattan, circa 1873

There is currently a clan council of eight chiefs, representing the major clans of the Chattan.[8]

  • John Mackintosh of Mackintosh (president)
  • Captain A. A. C. Farquharson of Invercauld (vice president)
  • Honourable Sir W. Macpherson of Cluny (vice president)
  • John Shaw of Tordarroch (vice president)
  • James McBain of McBain (vice president)
  • Grant Guthrie Davidson 3rd of Davidston (vice president)
  • Andrew MacThomas of Finegand (vice president)
  • The Very Reverend Allan MacLean of Dochgarroch (vice president)

Of the remaining clans of Clan Chattan:

  • Clan MacGillivray has a clan commander but no claimant of the chiefship
  • Clan MacPhail's the last reported chief died in Australia in the early 1900s[9]
  • Clan MacQueen's chiefly line moved to New Zealand and although descendants remain there has been no claiment to the chiefship.

Clan Association

The activities of the Clan are carried on by the Clan Chattan Association, a descendant of the original association established in 1727 for the purpose of defending the interests of the clan "against all who would seek the injury of any of its subscribers".[10]

In the nineteenth century, many clan societies and associations emerged, with the aim of promoting social interaction between people linked by a common name, and interest in their clan's history. Among these was the second Clan Chattan Association, founded in Glasgow in 1893. Initial support for the association was strong with the meetings, lectures and dances described as "a brilliant success", but it faded out by about 1900. Even so, clan historians of that period produced several works which are still used today.[10]

In the summer of 1933, the third Clan Chattan Association was founded in London. Now based in Scotland, the association has worldwide membership. It organizes a number of activities, such as the annual events in early August at Moy Hall in conjunction with the Highland Field Sports Fair. Members are kept informed of events through the annual journal of the association.[10]

Panorama South from Chattan Clan monument to Sarah Justina Macpherson of Cluny at Craig Dhu, Laggan, Scotland

400th Anniversary of the 1609 Band of Union

On 6 August 2009 the Chiefs of Clan Chattan's clans and other members of these clans came together in Inverness to mark the 400th anniversary of the 1609 Clan Chattan Band of Union and signed a new Band of Union to renew their historic connection.[11][12]

Clan profile

Red Whortleberry: plant badge of Clan Chattan.

Chief

The Chief of Clan Mackintosh had been at the same time Captain of Clan Chattan, until the death of Alfred Donald Mackintosh of Mackintosh CBE, who chose as his heir to the Mackintosh inheritance Rear-Admiral Lachlan Donald Makintosh CB DSO DSC. The omission of a stipulation in Alfred's will, concerning inheritance of the captaincy of Clan Chattan, led The Lord Lyon of the day to create the historic separation of the two titles. Lachlan became The Mackintosh of Mackintosh, and his cousin Duncan Alexander Eliott Mackintosh became Mackintosh of Mackintosh-Torcastle, and Head of the hail kin of Clan Chattan.[13]

Duncan Alexander Eliott Mackintosh of Mackintosh-Torcastle was born on 1 December 1884 and died on 29 May 1966. He married Ellen Primrose Smith and they had three sons and two daughters. He was succeeded by his eldest son and second child, Kenneth Mackintosh, born 23 November 1916, who became the 32nd Chief of Clan Chattan. He married Margaret Farmer and had two children. According to Burke's Peerage, his heir was their eldest son Duncan Alexander John Mackintosh, born in 1946[14]. However, a genealogy published in an updated history of the Clan Mackintosh noted that Duncan died young, and that his younger brother Malcolm Mackintosh (born 22 October 1950) succeeded their father, who died in 1976, as 33rd Captain of Clan Chattan, becoming styled as Malcolm Mackintosh of Mackintosh-Torcastle and Clan Chattan.[15][16]

Tartan

The individual Clans of the Chattan Confederation have their own tartans.

There is a Clan Chattan tartan, formerly known as Mackintosh Chief, recognised by The Lord Lyon in 1938.

References

  1. ^ Mac an Tàilleir, Iain. "Ainmean Pearsanta" (docx). Sabhal Mòr Ostaig. Retrieved 15 October 2009.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 102–103.
  3. ^ Fraser-Mackintosh, Charles. (1898). An Account of the Confederation of Clan Chattan, Its Kith and Kin. Glasgow: John MacKay 'Celtic Monthly' Office.
  4. ^ Clan Chattan Association
  5. ^ a b Mackintosh of Mackintosh, Margaret; Mackintosh of Mackintosh, Lachlan (1982). The Clan Mackintosh and the Clan Chattan. MacDonald (Publishers). ISBN 0-904265-73-0.
  6. ^ a b c d Skene, William Forbes (1876). Celtic Scotland : a history of ancient Alban. Edinburgh : Edmonston & Douglas. p. 315. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
  7. ^ "Associated Clans". Clan Chattan Association. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  8. ^ "Clan Chiefs". Clan Chattan Association. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  9. ^ Electric Scotland
  10. ^ a b c "History Of The Clan Chattan Association". Clan Chattan Association. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  11. ^ Film clips of highlights during the gathering for the 2009 signing of a new Clan Chattan Band of Union
  12. ^ 'Clan Band of Union was of national importance' - Inverness Courier, 28 July 2009
  13. ^ The Edinburgh Gazette, 28 March 1947, page 125 - two entries, one for Mackintosh of Mackintosh-Torcastle and the other for Mackintosh of Mackintosh.
  14. ^ The Peerage - sourced from Burke's Peerage 2003, Volume 2, page 2510.
  15. ^ The Peerage - sourced from Burke's Peerage 2003, Volume 2, page 2510.
  16. ^ The History of The Clan Mackintosh and The Clan Chattan, by Margaret Mackintosh of Mackintosh - 3rd Edition, revised by Lachlan Mackintosh of Mackintosh, 30th Chief of the Clan Mackintosh, published in 1997 by The Pentland Press, Copyright Celia Mackintosh of Mackintosh. The 1st Edition was published in 1948, and 2nd Edition in 1982.
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