Jump to content

Internet-nationalism

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Scalveg (talk | contribs) at 17:25, 22 August 2016 (→Japan: Tried to clean up non-native English slightly; added a link to existing page on Japanese cyber-nationalists (netto-uyoku)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Cyber-nationalism (internet-nationalism, online-nationalism) is nationalism which based on the its activity on the internet.[1] Cyber-nationalism has different aspects which may helped by the government as a part of the propaganda.[2] As a social phenomenon cyber-nationalism is group of nationalists who are gathering on the internet and sometimes it include offensive actions against other countries, such as hacking. This phenomenon was found in several different countries such as Japan, Russian Federation, and China.[3][4]

Background

Internet makes it easy to communicate without physical borders. It was expected that people who are living in the different counties communicate better than before. It is theorized that physical borders that once prevented homophilous actors from congregating are absent on the internet, allowing people of like mind to meet and politically or socially mobilize, whereas pre-internet they were unable to.[5] Others, however, have contrarily argued that this idea is mostly ideal. Internet people to hate each other, unlike the expectation.[1]

Cyber-war

Cyber-nationalism is part of the governmental policy. Government use the internet as a part of propaganda to mobilize people. Internet has advantage to encourage and improve nationalism. It catch more awareness than traditional media such as Newspaper and TV. Moreover, Internet makes easier to organize activities.[3]

By country

China

In China, cyber-nationalism is very active. Chinese nationalists are movilisied and organized by the Internet. They are not get together on the Internet, but they actually nationalistic hackers (who are doubted as a relationship with government) attacks web site in Europe, the U.S.A. and Japan.[3] [6][7] According to the survey by the Research Center of Contemporary China (2008), higher educated and positioned person tend not to be nationalistic. Moreover, person frequently accesses governmental site became less nationalistic. Yifan Xy concluded that this tendency "could be a spillover effect from dissatisfaction with the government."[8]

Japan

In Japan, recently cyber-nationalists (netto-uyoku) have become very active. They communicate with each other on the internet. In 2009, some part of the cyber-nationalist take an action against Korean tourists in the Tsushima Island, which located near South Korea.This video was put on the YouTube.According to the Rumi Sakamoto, "This episode is just one expression of Japan’s new grassroots nationalism, which has gained force over the last decade against the backdrop of increasingly vociferous historical revisionism and neo-nationalism."[9] In the past, these kind of activity would not appeared on the public awareness, but internet makes it easy to put their activity in front of the public.

Russian Federation

In the Russian Federation, nationalist groups use internet to get together and collect donations. In Russia, there are many very popular among the "self-organized nationalist communicates." After the Russo-Georgian war, on the internet appeared many groups on the facebook such as "Abkhazia is not Georgia" etc. Since, Russian people were worried about the terrorism which caused by terrorist from Caucasus region, Russian Nationalist put the personal information of students who are studying in the University. Moreover, they put videos, in which dark-skinned young people are beating up ethnic Russians. At the same time, terrorist groups against Russian Federation are recruiting potential terrorists on the internet. In this case, cyber-nationalism works for the nationalism for the Chechen Republic and ethnic Chechen people against Russian Federation.[1][10][11]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Cyber-nationalism". The Economist. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  2. ^ Jiang, Ying (2012). Cyber-Nationalism in China. University of Adelaide Press. ISBN 978-0-9871718-4-9.
  3. ^ a b c Schneier, Bruce. "Online Nationalism". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  4. ^ Punk, Olie. "Japan's 'Internet Nationalists' Really Hate Koreans". VICE. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  5. ^ Palmer, M. F. (2012). Cybernationalism: Terrorism, Political Activism, and National Identity Creation in Virtual Communities and Social Media. In Virtual Communities, Social Networks and Collaboration (pp. 115-134). Springer New York.
  6. ^ Liu, S-D (2006). "'China's Popular Nationalism on the Internet Report on the 2005 Anti-Japan Network Struggles". Inter-Asia Cultural Studies. 7 (1): 144–155. doi:10.1080/14649370500463802.
  7. ^ Shen, Simon (Mar 18, 2010). Online Chinese Nationalism and China's Bilateral Relations. Hong Kong: Lexington Books. ISBN 0739132490.
  8. ^ Xu, Yifan. "CYBER NATIONALISTS OR CRITICAL NETIZENS?". Fairer Globalization. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  9. ^ Sakamoto, Rumi. "'Koreans, Go Home!' Internet Nationalism in Contemporary Japan as a Digitally Mediated Subculture". The Asia-Pacific Journal. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  10. ^ Besleney, Zeynel. "Circassian Nationalism and the Internet". openDemocracy. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  11. ^ Turbeville, Brandon. "Chechen Terrorist Networks Trace Back to the US State Department". Retrieved 15 May 2014.

Further reading

  • Kondo, R. and A.Tanizaki (2007) Netto-uyoku to sabukaru minshu-shugi [netto-uyoku and subcultural democracy]. Tokyo: San’ichi shobō
  • McLelland, M (2008). "'Race' on the Japanese Internet: Discussing Korea and Koreans on '2-channeru'". New Media & Society. 10 (6): 811–829.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internet-nationalism&oldid=735719537"