Yugh language

Yugh
Yugh
Sym Ket
Дьук; Ďuk
Pronunciation	[ɟuk]
Native to	Russia
Region	Yenisei River
Ethnicity	7 Yughs (2020)
Extinct	1972; 2-3 nonfluent speakers (1991); 3 (2020)
Language family	Dené–Yeniseian? Yeniseian Ketic Yugh; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; yug – Yug; yuu – Yugh (deprecated)
Linguist List	yug
Glottolog	yugh1239; yugh1240 additional bibliography
ELP	Yug
	Map of pre-contact Yeniseian languages.
	Yug is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)

Yugh (/ˈjuːɡ/ YOOG; Yug) is a Yeniseian language, closely related to Ket, formerly spoken by the Yugh people, one of the southern groups along the Yenisei River in central Siberia.^[5] It went extinct by 1972.^[1] It was once regarded as a dialect of the Ket language, which was considered to be a language isolate, and was therefore called Sym Ket or Southern Ket; however, the Ket considered it to be a distinct language. By the early 1990s there were only two or three nonfluent speakers remaining,^[2] and the language was virtually extinct. The 2002 census recorded 19 ethnic Yugh in all of Russia.^[6] In the 2010 census, only one ethnic Yugh was counted, also stating their proficiency in Yugh,^[7] while in the 2020 census, 7 ethnic Yugh were counted,^[8] 2 of them stating that they were speakers of Yugh.^[4]

Phonology

Vowels

Vowels of Yugh^[9]
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i [i]	ɨ [ɨ]	u [u]
Close-mid	e [e]	ə [ə]	o [o]
Open-mid	ɛ [ɛ]	ʌ [ʌ]	ɔ [ɔ]
Open		a [a]

Consonants

Consonants of Yugh^[9]
		Labial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Laryngeal/ Pharyngeal
Plosive	voiceless	p [p]	t [t]	tʼ [tʲ]	k [k]	(q [q])	ʔ [ʔ]
Plosive	voiced	b [b]	d [d]	dʼ [dʲ]	g [g]
Fricative	voiceless	f [f]	s [s]/š [ʃ]/šʼ [ʃʲ]			χ [χ]
Fricative	voiced	(v [v])	z [z]/ž [ʒ]/žʼ [ʒʲ]	j [j]	[ɣ]	(R [ʁ])
Affricate			(c [t͡s])	čʼ [t͡ʃ]
Nasal		m [m]	n [n]	nʼ [nʲ]	ŋ [ŋ]
Trill			[r]
Lateral			l [l]/lʼ [lʲ]

Notes

^ ^a ^b Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19), Vajda, Edward (ed.), "8 The Yeniseian language family", The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 365–480, doi:10.1515/9783110556216-008, ISBN 978-3-11-055621-6, retrieved 2024-06-26
^ ^a ^b Yugh language at Ethnologue (15th ed., 2005)
^ Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (March 1991). "The Problem of Endangered Languages in the USSR". Diogenes. 39 (153): 67–83. doi:10.1177/039219219103915305. ISSN 0392-1921.
^ ^a ^b Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
^ Vajda, Edward J. "The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples". Archived from the original on 2019-04-06. Retrieved 2006-10-27.
^ 2002 Russian census data
^ 2010 Russian census data
^ Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 1. Национальный состав населения
^ ^a ^b Werner, Heinrich (1997). Das Jugische (sym-ketische). Veröffentlichungen der societa uralo-altaica. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-03999-4.

References

Vajda, Edward J. (2002). Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide. Curzon Press. ISBN 0-7007-1290-9.

External links

Yugh basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

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[Vajda2024-1] Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19), Vajda, Edward (ed.), "8 The Yeniseian language family", The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 365–480, doi:10.1515/9783110556216-008, ISBN 978-3-11-055621-6, retrieved 2024-06-26

[:2-2] Yugh language at Ethnologue (15th ed., 2005)

[3] Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (March 1991). "The Problem of Endangered Languages in the USSR". Diogenes. 39 (153): 67–83. doi:10.1177/039219219103915305. ISSN 0392-1921.

[:1-4] Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку

[Vajda-5] Vajda, Edward J. "The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples". Archived from the original on 2019-04-06. Retrieved 2006-10-27.

[2002_Russian_census_data-6] 2002 Russian census data

[2010_Russian_census_data-7] 2010 Russian census data

[8] Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 1. Национальный состав населения

[:0-9] Werner, Heinrich (1997). Das Jugische (sym-ketische). Veröffentlichungen der societa uralo-altaica. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-03999-4.

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v t e Yeniseian languages
Ketic	Ket Yugh
Kottic	Kott Yastin Baikot Yarin Assan
Arinic	Arin
Pumpokolic	Pumpokol Jie?
Para-Yeniseian?	Xiongnu? Hunnic?
Reconstructed	Proto-Yeniseian
Italics indicate extinct languages.