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Jakob Norz

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Jakob Norz
Born(1920-09-27)27 September 1920
Saulgrub
Died16 September 1944(1944-09-16) (aged 23)
Northern Finland, near Kirkenes
Buried
German war cemetery at Pechenga
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branchTemplate:Luftwaffe
Years of service1939–44
RankLeutnant (second lieutenant)
UnitJG 5
Battles / warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Jakob Norz (20 October 1920 – 16 September 1944) was a Luftwaffe flying ace of World War II. Norz is listed with 117 aerial victories—that is, 117 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft. All his victories were claimed over the Soviet Air Forces in 332 combat missions.[1] He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Norz was killed on 16 September 1944 in a forced landing following combat with a large formation of Soviet aircraft attacking Kirkenes.

Career

Norz was born on 20 October 1920 in Saulgrub in Free State of Bavaria within the Weimar Republic. Holding the rank of Unteroffizier (non-commissioned officer) he served with the I./Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 (2nd Night Fighter Wing) since late 1941.[Note 1] With this unit he flew night fighter missions against England and convoy escort missions over the Mediterranean Sea. He was briefly transferred as a day time fighter pilot to Jagdgeschwader 51 (51st Fighter Wing) operating on the Eastern Front in early 1942. Shortly afterwards he was posted to the 11./Jagdgeschwader 1 (11th Squadron of the 1st Fighter Wing) which was located in Norway. The unit was then relocated further north to the Eismeerfront (Ice Sea Front)—the area of operations nearest the Arctic Ocean—and redesignated to 8./Jagdgeschwader 5 (8th Squadron of the 5th Fighter Wing).[2]

Operating in this northern theatre of operations, Norz claimed his first five aerial victories by the end of 1942. Following victorious combat with two Ilyushin Il-2 "Shturmovik" on 5 March 1943 he made a forced landing of his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 (Werknummer —13108—factory number) on a frozen lake in no man's land. He returned to a German held position after an eight-hour walk in high snow. Norz claimed his 17th and 18th aerial victory on 4 June 1943. The number of aerial victories claimed rose to roughly 50 by the end of 1943. On 17 March 1944, Norz became an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time, claiming five Soviet fighters shot down. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 26 March 1944 following his 74th aerial victory. He again claimed five victories on 17 June 1944. Norz in a 24-hour period from 27 June to 28 June 1944 claimed 12 victories which earned him an honorable mention in the Wehrmachtbericht radio report. During aerial combat on 4 July, he claimed five Yakovlev Yak-9 fighters shot down, taking his total to 78.[3] Norz claimed three Petlyakov Pe-2 bombers and a Bell P-39 Airacobra destroyed on 17 August, taking his total to 103 aerial victories.[4] He was the 82nd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[5]

Walter Schuck, a wartime friend of Jakob Norz, witnessed Norz's final flight on 16 September 1944. According to Schuck, Norz attacked and shot down a Douglas Boston but was hit in the engine by the defensive fire from the Boston.[Note 2] Norz reported that his cabin was filling with smoke. Schuck urged Norz to bale out but Norz decided to fly back to base to avoid capture by the Russians. Schuck broke off further combat and escorted Norz back to base. Norz, intoxicated by the smoke, reported that his elevator seized and that he could not trim the aircraft. Already too low for bailing out, Norz attempted a crash landing in the tundra. The Bf 109 G-6 "yellow 8" (Werknummer 412 199—factory number) struck a rock and disintegrated, killing Norz.[6] He was buried with military honors at the German war cemetery at Pechenga.[7]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 104 aerial victory claims, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.[8]

  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Norz an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Norz did not receive credit.

Awards

Notes

  1. ^ For an explanation of Luftwaffe unit designations see Organisation of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
  2. ^ According to Obermaier following combat with an Ilyushin Il-2 "Shturmovik".[2]
  3. ^ This claim is not listed by Matthews and Foreman.[8]
  4. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the III./Jagdgeschwader 5.[35]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Spick 1996, p. 231.
  2. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 175.
  3. ^ Weal 2016, p. 97.
  4. ^ Weal 2016, p. 99.
  5. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
  6. ^ Schuck 2007, pp. 171–172.
  7. ^ Weal 2016, p. 100.
  8. ^ a b c Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 920–922.
  9. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 260.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mombeek 2011, p. 279.
  11. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 264.
  12. ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 265.
  13. ^ a b c d e Mombeek 2011, p. 268.
  14. ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 269.
  15. ^ a b c d e Mombeek 2011, p. 280.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Mombeek 2011, p. 270.
  17. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 281.
  18. ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 286.
  19. ^ a b c d e f Mombeek 2011, p. 271.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Mombeek 2011, p. 287.
  21. ^ a b c d e f Mombeek 2011, p. 272.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mombeek 2011, p. 288.
  23. ^ a b c d e f Mombeek 2011, p. 273.
  24. ^ a b c d e Mombeek 2011, p. 274.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g Mombeek 2011, p. 289.
  26. ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 275.
  27. ^ a b c Mombeek 2011, p. 276.
  28. ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 278.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g Mombeek 2011, p. 290.
  30. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 922.
  31. ^ a b c d e f Mombeek 2011, p. 291.
  32. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 155.
  33. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 333.
  34. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 326.
  35. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 572.
  36. ^ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 3, p. 141.

Bibliography

  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Matthews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 3 M–R. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-20-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Mombeek, Eric (2011). Eismeerjäger—Zur Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 5—Band 4 [Fighters in the Artic Sea—The History of the 5th Fighter Wing—Volume 4]. Linkebeek, Belgium: ASBL, La Porte d'Hoves. ISBN 978-2-930546-05-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Schuck, Walter (2007). Abschuss! Von der Me 109 zur Me 262 Erinnerungen an die Luftkämpfe beim Jagdgeschwader 5 und 7 [Victory! From the Me 109 to the Me 262 Memories of the Dogfights with Fighter Wing 5 and 7] (in German). Aachen, Germany: Helios Verlags- und Buchvertriebsgesellschaft. ISBN 978-3-938208-44-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Weal, John (2016). Arctic Bf 109 and Bf 110 Aces. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78200-799-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 3, 1. Januar 1944 bis 9. Mai 1945 [The Wehrmacht Reports 1939–1945 Volume 3, 1 January 1944 to 9 May 1945] (in German). München, Germany: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. 1985. ISBN 978-3-423-05944-2.
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