Karl Arnold

For other people named Karl Arnold, see Karl Arnold (disambiguation).

Karl Arnold
Acting head of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) According to Article 57 of the Basic Law
In office 7 September 1949 – 12 September 1949
Succeeded by	Theodor Heuss
Minister President of the North Rhine-Westphalia
In office 17 June 1947 – 20 February 1956
Preceded by	Rudolf Amelunxen
Succeeded by	Fritz Steinhoff
President of the German Bundesrat
In office 1949–1950
Preceded by	office created
Succeeded by	Hans Ehard
Personal details
Born	(1901-03-21)21 March 1901 Herrlishöfen, Württemberg
Died	29 June 1958(1958-06-29) (aged 57) Düsseldorf
Political party	CDU, previously Centre Party
Spouse	Liesel Joeres

Karl Arnold (21 March 1901 – 29 June 1958) was a German politician. He was the 2nd Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1947 to 1956. He was the 1st President of the Bundesrat and as such formally head of state of the Federal Republic of Germany, before the election of President Theodor Heuss. He is, together with Jens Böhrnsen (in 2010) and Horst Seehofer (in 2012), one of the three Presidents of the Bundesrat who have acted as head of state during a vacancy of the office of President, according to Article 57 of the Basic Law.

Early life and education

Arnold was born in Herrlishöfen in Württemberg on 21 March 1901. He was trained as shoemaker and later (1920/21) studied at the Soziale Hochschule Leohaus, Munich.

From 1920 onwards, Arnold worked as functionary of the movement of Christian workers. In 1924, he became secretary of the Christian workers union for the Düsseldorf region. He was elected in the town council of Düsseldorf for the Centre Party in 1929.

In 1933, Arnold was co-owner of a sanitary installation shop in Düsseldorf. The Gestapo observed and hunted him in the following years because of his political activities. In 1944, he was jailed by the Gestapo.

Career

After World War II, Arnold became politically active again. In 1945, he was co-founder of the local Christian-Democratic Party in Düsseldorf, which became part of the CDU later in 1945. Also in 1945, the Düsseldorf chapter of the united workers union was founded, presided by Arnold. On January 29, 1946, Arnold was named mayor of Düsseldorf and later elected in the first free elections (October 26, 1946).

In December, 1946, Arnold became deputy minister president of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and in 1947 he was elected minister president. Until 1950 he presided over a coalition of CDU, Centre Party, SPD and (shortly) the Communist Party. He considered himself a "christian socialist". The only in-parliament-party he did not let enter the government was the FDP, whose North-Rhine Westphalian branch had a particular nationalist bent.

On 7 September 1949, he was elected as the first president of the federal Bundesrat of Germany.

From 1950 to 1956, Arnold was elected minister president for North Rhine-Westphalia twice again, governing with the help of conservative parties and the Free Democrats. Important acts of his government were the foundation of the North Rhine-Westphalian broadcasting system (today: Westdeutscher Rundfunk) and the German system of workers union influence in steel and coal industries.

On 20 February 1956, the FDP switched coalition affiliation to the SPD, ending the Arnold government in North Rhine-Westphalia.

In 1957, he was elected into the German Bundestag (with a 72% majority in his constituency). He was member of the Bundestag until 29 June 1958, when he died of a heart attack.

Personal life

In 1928, Arnold married Liesel Joeres.

Arnold was a member of the Evangelical Church in Germany.

Further reading

• Uertz, Rudolf (2004). "Karl Arnold." Christliche Demokraten gegen Hitler: Aus Verfolgung und Widerstand zur Union. Ed. Buchstab, Günter; Kaff, Brigitte; Kleinmann, Hans-Otto. Freiburg, Germany: Herder, 2004. 81–89. Print.
• Biography of Arnold at the German Historic Museum, German