List of extinct cetaceans
The list of extinct cetaceans features the extinct genera and species of the order Cetacea. The cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) are descendants of land-living mammals, the even-toed ungulates. The earliest cetaceans were still hoofed mammals. These early cetaceans became gradually better adapted for swimming than for walking on land, finally evolving into fully marine cetaceans.
This list currently includes only fossil genera and species. However, the Atlantic population of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) became extinct in the 18th century, and the baiji (or Chinese river dolphin, Lipotes vexillifer) was declared "functionally extinct" after an expedition in late 2006 failed to find any in the Yangtze River.
Suborder Archaeoceti
[edit]Family Ambulocetidae
[edit](Eocene)
Family Basilosauridae
[edit](Late Eocene)
Family Kekenodontidae
[edit](Oligocene)
Family Pakicetidae
[edit](Early to Middle Eocene)
Family Protocetidae
[edit](Eocene)
Family Remingtonocetidae
[edit](Eocene)
Suborder Mysticeti
[edit]Family Llanocetidae
[edit](Late Eocene-Early Oligocene)
Family Mammalodontidae
[edit](jr synonym Janjucetidae)
(Late Oligocene)
Family incertae sedis
[edit]Clade Kinetomenta
[edit]Family Aetiocetidae
[edit](Oligocene)
Clade Chaeomysticeti
[edit]Family incertae sedis
[edit]Superfamily Eomysticetoidea
[edit]Family Cetotheriopsidae
[edit](Oligocene to Miocene)
Family Eomysticetidae
[edit](Oligocene to early Miocene)
Family Aglaocetidae
[edit](Miocene)
Superfamily Balaenoidea
[edit]Family Balaenidae
[edit](Miocene to Recent)
- Antwerpibalaena
- Archaeobalaena[11]
- Balaena
- Balaenella
- Balaenotus
- Balaenula
- Charadrobalaena[12]
- Eubalaena (extant)
- Idiocetus
- Peripolocetus
- Protobalaena
Family incertae sedis
[edit]Clade Thalassotherii
[edit]Family Cetotheriidae
[edit](Miocene - Pliocene)
Classification follows Steeman (2007) unless otherwise noted.[13]
- Adicetus[14]
- Brandtocetus
- Cephalotropis
- Cetotherium
- Ciuciulea
- Eucetotherium
- Halicetus
- Herentalia
- Herpetocetus
- Hibacetus[15]
- Joumocetus
- Kurdalagonus
- Metopocetus
- Mithridatocetus
- Nannocetus
Parietobalaena palmeri skull - Piscobalaena
- Thinocetus
- Titanocetus[16]
- Tiucetus
- Vampalus
- Zygiocetus[17]
Family Diorocetidae
[edit](Miocene to Pliocene)
Family Neobalaenidae
[edit](Miocene to Recent)
Family Pelocetidae
[edit](Miocene)
Family incertae sedis
[edit]Superfamily Balaenopteroidea
[edit]
Family Balaenopteridae
[edit](Miocene to Recent)
- Archaebalaenoptera
- Balaenoptera (extant)
- "Balaenoptera" cortesii
- "Balaenoptera" portisi
- "Balaenoptera" ryani
- Burtinopsis
- Cetotheriophanes
- Fragilicetus[19]
- Incakujira
- Marzanoptera[20]
- Miobalaenoptera
- Norrisanima
- Nehalaennia
- Parabalaenoptera
- Plesiobalaenoptera
- Plesiocetus
- Praemegaptera
- Protororqualus
Family Eschrichtiidae
[edit](Miocene to Recent)
Family Tranatocetidae
[edit]Family incertae sedis
[edit]- Mioceta (nomen dubium)
- Piscocetus
- Siphonocetus (nomen dubium)
- Tretulias (nomen dubium)
- Ulias (nomen dubium)
Suborder Odontoceti
[edit]Basal forms
[edit]Family Agorophiidae
[edit](Early Oligocene)
Family Ashleycetidae
[edit](Early Oligocene)
Family Patriocetidae
[edit](Oligocene to Early Miocene)
Family Simocetidae
[edit](Early Oligocene)
Family Xenorophidae
[edit](Late Oligocene)
Family Inticetidae
[edit]Family Microzeuglodontidae
[edit]Family Squaloziphiidae
[edit](Late Oligocene to Early Miocene)
Family incertae sedis
[edit]Superfamily Squalodontoidea
[edit]Family Dalpiazinidae
[edit](Late Oligocene to Miocene)
Family Prosqualodontidae
[edit](Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene)
Superfamily Physeteroidea
[edit]Family Kogiidae
[edit](Miocene to recent)
- Aprixokogia
- Kogia (extant)
- Kogiopsis
- Koristocetus
- Nanokogia
- Platyscaphokogia[24]
- Pliokogia
- Praekogia
- Scaphokogia
- Thalassocetus
Family Physeteridae
[edit]- Cozzuoliphyseter[25]
- Ferecetotherium
- Idiophyseter
- Idiorophus
- Orycterocetus
- Physeterula
- Placoziphius
- Preaulophyseter
- Scaldicetus
Family incertae sedis
[edit]- Acrophyseter
- Albicetus
- Aulophyseter[26]
- Brygmophyseter
- Diaphorocetus
- Eudelphis
- Hoplocetus (nomen dubium)
- Livyatan[27]
- Miokogia (nomen dubium)
- Paleophoca (nomen dubium)
- Prophyseter (nomen dubium)
- Rhaphicetus[28]
- Zygophyseter
Superfamily "Eurhinodelphinoidea"
[edit]Family Argyrocetidae
[edit](Late Oligocene to Early Miocene)
Family Eoplatanistidae
[edit](Miocene)
Family Eurhinodelphinidae
[edit](Late Oligocene to Late Miocene)
- Ceterhinops
- Eurhinodelphis
- Iniopsis
- Mycteriacetus
- Phocaenopsis
- Schizodelphis
- Vanbreenia
- Xiphiacetus
- Ziphiodelphis
Superfamily Platanistoidea
[edit]Family Allodelphinidae
[edit](Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene)
Family Platanistidae
[edit](Early Miocene to Recent)
Family Squalodelphinidae
[edit](Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene)
- Furcacetus [31]
- Furcadelphis
- Huaridelphis[32]
- Macrosqualodelphis
- Medocinia
- Notocetus
- Phocageneus
- Squalodelphis
Family Squalodontidae
[edit](Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene)
- Austrosqualodon
- Eosqualodon
- Macrophoca
- Neosqualodon
- Pachyodon
- Phoberodon
- Squalodon (syn. Kelloggia, Rhizoprion, Crenidelphinus, Arionius, Phocodon)
- Smilocamptus
- Tangaroasaurus
Family Waipatiidae
[edit](Late Oligocene to Early Miocene)
Superfamily Ziphioidea
[edit]Family Ziphiidae
[edit](Miocene to Recent)
- Basal forms
- Subfamily Berardiinae
- Subfamily Hyperoodontinae
- Subfamily Ziphiinae
- Subfamily incertae sedis
Clade Delphinida
[edit]Family incertae sedis
[edit]- Anacharsis
- Belonodelphis
- Delphinavus
- Graamocetus
- Hadrodelphis
- Lamprolithax
- Leptodelphis
- Liolithax
- Lophocetus
- Loxolithax
- Macrokentriodon
- Microphocaena
- Miodelphis
- Nannolithax
- Oedolithax
- Oligodelphis
- Palaeophocaena
- Pithanodelphis
- Platylithax
- Prionodelphis
- Protodelphinus
- Sarmatodelphis
- Sophianacetus
- Tagicetus
Superfamily Delphinoidea
[edit]Family Albireonidae
[edit](Miocene to Pliocene)
Family Delphinidae
[edit]
(Oligocene to Recent)
- Arimidelphis
- Astadelphis
- Australodelphis
- Delphinus (extant)
- Eodelphinus
- Etruridelphis
- Hemisyntrachelus
- Lagenorhynchus (extant)
- Norisdelphis
- Globicephala (extant)
- Orcinus (extant)
- Platalearostrum[37]
- Protoglobicephala
- Pseudorca (extant)
- Septidelphis[38]
- Sinanodelphis
- Stenella (extant)
- Tursiops (extant)
Family Kentriodontidae
[edit](Oligocene to Pliocene)
Family Monodontidae
[edit](Miocene to Recent)
Family Odobenocetopsidae
[edit](Late Miocene to Early Pliocene)
Family Phocoenidae
[edit](Miocene to Recent)
- Archaeophocaena
- Australithax
- Brabocetus
- Harborophocoena
- Lomacetus
- Miophocaena
- Numataphocoena
- Piscolithax
- Pterophocaena
- Salumiphocaena
- Semirostrum[39]
- Septemtriocetus
Superfamily Inioidea
[edit]Family Iniidae
[edit](Miocene to Recent)
Family Pontoporiidae
[edit](Middle Miocene to Recent)
- Atocetus
- Auroracetus
- Brachydelphis
- Pliopontos
- Pontistes
- Protophocaena
- Samaydelphis[40]
- Scaldiporia
- Stenasodelphis
Superfamily Lipotoidea
[edit]Family Lipotidae
[edit](Late Miocene to Recent)
Superfamily incertae sedis
[edit]Family incertae sedis
[edit]- Acrodelphis
- Champsodelphis
- Hesperocetus
- Imerodelphis (Miocene)
- Kharthlidelphis
- Lonchodelphis
- Macrochirifer
- Microsqualodon
- Pelodelphis
- Rhabdosteus (nomen dubium)
- Sulakocetus
See also
[edit]
References
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- ^ Michelangelo Bisconti; Piero Damarco; Marco Pavia; Barbara Sorce; Giorgio Carnevale (2021). "Marzanoptera tersillae, a new balaenopterid genus and species from the Pliocene of Piedmont, north-west Italy". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 192 (4): 1253–1292. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa131.
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- ^ Alberto Collareta; Olivier Lambert; Christian de Muizon; Aldo Marcelo Benites Palomino; Mario Urbina; Giovanni Bianucci (2020). "A new physeteroid from the late Miocene of Peru expands the diversity of extinct dwarf and pygmy sperm whales (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 19 (5): 79–100. doi:10.5852/cr-palevol2020v19a5. hdl:11568/1070698. S2CID 222287604.
- ^ Florencia Paolucci; Marta S. Fernández; Mónica R. Buono; José I. Cuitiño (2020). "'Aulophyseter' rionegrensis (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Physeteroidea) from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina): a reappraisal". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 192 (4): 1293–1322. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa137.
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- ^ Olivier Lambert; Christian de Muizon; Mario Urbina; Giovanni Bianucci (2020). "A new longirostrine sperm whale (Cetacea, Physeteroidea) from the lower Miocene of the Pisco Basin (southern coast of Peru)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (20): 1707–1742. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18.1707L. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1805520. S2CID 221838686.
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- ^ a b Kimura, T.; Barnes, L.G. (2016). "New Miocene fossil Allodelphinidae(Cetacea, Odontoceti, Platanistoidea) from the North Pacific Ocean". Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History. 20: 1–58.
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- ^ Post, Klaas; Kompanje, Erwin J.O. (2010). "A new dolphin (Cetacea, Delphinidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the North Sea". Deinsea. 14: 1–13.
- ^ Giovanni Bianucci (2013). "Septidelphis morii, n. gen. et sp., from the Pliocene of Italy: new evidence of the explosive radiation of true dolphins (Odontoceti, Delphinidae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (3): 722–740. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33..722B. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.744757. S2CID 86571408.
- ^ Racicot, Rachel A.; Deméré, Thomas A.; Beatty, Brian L.; Boessenecker, Robert W. (2014). "Unique Feeding Morphology in a New Prognathous Extinct Porpoise from the Pliocene of California". Current Biology. 24 (7): 774–779. Bibcode:2014CBio...24..774R. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.02.031. PMID 24631245.
- ^ Olivier Lambert; Alberto Collareta; Aldo Benites-Palomino; Claudio Di Celma; Christian de Muizon; Mario Urbina; Giovanni Bianucci (2020). "A new small, mesorostrine inioid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinida) from four upper Miocene localities in the Pisco Basin, Peru". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (2): 1043–1064. doi:10.1002/spp2.1332. hdl:11581/438244. S2CID 225495166.