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List of Soviet divisions 1917–1945

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Monument to the Red Army in Berlin

The Soviet Union's Red Army raised divisions during the Russian Civil War, and again during the interwar period from 1926. Few of the Civil War divisions were retained into this period, and even fewer survived the reorganization of the Red Army during the 1937–1941 period. During the Second World War 400 'line' rifle divisions (infantry), 129 Soviet Guards rifle divisions, and over 50 cavalry divisions as well as many divisions of other combat support arms were raised in addition to the hundreds of divisions that existed in the Red Army before Operation Barbarossa. Almost all the pre-war mechanized and tank divisions were disbanded during the war. There were also Red Air Force aviation divisions, and the NKVD divisions which also took part in fighting. However, in contrast to Wikipedia's reasonably complete descriptions of U.S., British, and German divisions, only a few Soviet divisions have articles here, mostly because the detailed histories have either not been translated from Russian or have not been fully released from the official archives. (See Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias).

The territorial principle of manning the Red Army was introduced in the mid-1920s. In each region able-bodied men were called up for a limited period of active duty in a territorial unit, which comprised about half the Army's strength, each year, for five years.[1] The first call-up period was for three months, with one month a year thereafter. A regular cadre provided a stable nucleus. By 1925 this system provided 46 of the 77 infantry divisions and one of the eleven cavalry divisions. The remainder consisted of regular officers and enlisted personnel serving two-year stints. The territorial system was finally abolished, with all remaining formations converted to the other 'cadre' divisions, in 1937 and 1938.[2]

The Red Army formed at least 42 divisions during the Second World War which had substantial ethnic majorities in their composition derived from location of initial formation rather than intentional "nationalization" of the divisions, including four Azeri, five Armenian, and eight Georgian rifle divisions and a large number of cavalry divisions in the eastern Ukraine, Cuban region, and Central Asia, including five Uzbek cavalry divisions. See ru:Национальные воинские подразделения РККА.

Rifle and Guards Rifle Divisions

Main article: List of infantry divisions of the Soviet Union 1917–57

Airborne Divisions

At the end of the Second World War most of the remaining Guards Airborne Divisions were redesignated Guards Rifle Divisions.[7] At the end of June 1945 this has happened to the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 9th, which became respectively the 111, 112, 113, 115, and 116th Guards Rifle Divisions. In November, it happened to the 1st, 3rd, and 10th Airborne Divisions, which became the 124th, 125th, and 126th Guards Rifle Divisions.

NKVD Divisions

Banner of the 175th Rifle Regiment, Internal Troops, NKVD

Not intended for front line combat, NKVD Internal Troops were used to guard borders, secure railways, and combat elements such as the Ukrainian Insurgent Army that posed threats to the rear areas and supply convoys of the Red Army. Notwithstanding the original intent of these units, many saw at least some front line combat, several were converted to regular divisions of the Red Army, and others were grouped into a field NKVD army that was later re-numbered as the 70th Army. There were different types of divisions: Rifle Division (abbreviated to RD in this list), Railroad Security Division (RSD), Special Installation Security Division (SISD), and Convoy Forces Security Division (CFSD).

This list is primarily drawn from David Glantz, Companion To Colossus Reborn: Key Documents And Statistics, University Press of Kansas, 2005.

  • 1st Rifle Division NKVD (RD) — established 9.41 at Mga, with Northwestern Front and Leningrad Front. On 9.8.42 became 46th Rifle Division (third formation) of the Red Army.
  • 1st Motor Rifle Division NKVD — established 23.6.38 at Moscow as Separate NKVD Motorized RD, with Western Front and 56th Army. Still exists in the Russian MVD Internal Troops.
  • 2nd NKVD Railroad Security Division (RSD) — established 8.3.39 at Leningrad, with Leningrad and Special Baltic Military Districts. 11.2.42 became 23rd NKVD RSD.
  • 2nd Motor Rifle Division NKVD — 7.41 at Moscow, in Leningrad and Baltic regions. 10.45 disbanded.
  • 3rd NKVD RSD — 8.3.39 at Mogilev. Wiped out twice in 1941, with the Western and Bryansk Fronts. 11.2.42 became the 24th NKVD RSD.
  • 3rd Rifle Division NKVD — 1.42 at Leningrad, 8.42 disbanded.
  • 3rd NKVD RD — 9.42 at Tbilisi as the Tbilisi Division. With Trans-Caucasian Front. 6.44 renamed 3rd NKVD RD, with 2nd Far Eastern Front in Manchuria in 1945. Disbanded 1946.
  • 4th NKVD RSD — *8.3.39 in Kiev. 6.41 in the Odessa Military District and later with Southern Front. 11.2.42 became the 25th NKVD RSD.
  • 4th NKVD RD — *9.41 in the Crimea. With 51st Army and the Separate Coastal Army. 10.41 became the 184th Rifle Division (second formation) of the Red Army.
  • 4th NKVD Motor RD — *1.42 at Leningrad, 8.42 disbanded.
  • 4th NKVD RD — *10.10.43 at Moscow. In Baltic regions, 12.8.51 disbanded.
  • 5th NKVD RSD — *8.3.39 at Kharkov. With Southwestern Front. 11.2.42 became the 26th NKVD RSD.
  • 5th NKVD RD — *11.1.42 at Tikhvin. In Leningrad and Baltic regions. 15.9.51 disbanded.
  • 6th NKVD RSD — *8.3.39 at Khabarovsk. In the Far East. Became the 37th NKVD RSD 11.2.42.
  • 6th NKVD Motor RD — *11.41 behind Southwestern Front. Became the 8th NKVD Motor RD 11.2.42.
  • 6th NKVD RD — *1.42 at Kalinin. With Kalinin and 2nd Baltic Fronts and later in the Belorussian Military District. 10.45 disbanded.
  • 7th NKVD RSD — 8.3.39 at Svobodnyi. 11.2.42 became the 28th NKVD RSD.
  • 7th NKVD Motor RD — 4.42 at Orel and Tula. With the Western, Bryansk, Central, Belorussian, and 1st Belorussian Fronts. Later in the Belorussian Military District. 13.9.51 disbanded.
  • 8th NKVD RSD — 8.3.39 in Chita. 11.2.42 became the 29th NKVD RSD.
  • 8th Motor Rifle Division NKVD — Formed January 1942 at Voronezh from the 6th NKVD Motor RD. 7.42 became the 63rd RD of the Red Army, which then became the 52nd Guards RD 11.43.
  • 8th NKVD Motor RD — 1.42 at Voronezh (? see above) and 5.42 renumbered as the 13th NKVD Motor RD.
  • 9th NKVD RSD — *8.3.39 in Vilnius. With Special Baltic and Western Special Military Districts. Wiped out 1941, 25.9.41 disbanded.
  • 9th NKVD Motor RD — *1.42 in Rostov. 8.42 became the 31st RD of the Red Army.
  • 9th NKVD RD — *22.8.42 in Ordzhonikidze as NKVD RD with same name. Fought with Trans-Caucasian front during latter part of 1942. 5.44 became the 9th NKVD RD in Krasnodar. 10.44 disbanded.
  • 10th NKVD RSD — *14.11.39 at L'vov. With Southwestern Front. Wiped out at Kiev and 10.41 disbanded.
  • 10th Rifle Division NKVD — 7.42 at Saratov and Stalingrad. With Stalingrad Front. 10.42 became the 181st RD (third formation) of the Red Army and assigned to the NKVD Army which later was renamed the 70th Army.
  • 10th NKVD RD — *26.3.42 at Rostov as the 41st NKVD RSD. 9.42 renamed at Sukhumi as NKVD RD with same name. With 46th Army of the Transcaucasian Front. 4.44 became the 10th NKVD RD at Sarny. With Central, Belorussian, and 1st Belorussian Fronts, and then in the Belorussian Military District. June 1946, disbanded.
  • 11th NKVD RD — *1.42 at Nalchik and Krasnodar. With Crimean and Trans-Caucasus Fronts. 12.42 disbanded.
  • 11th NKVD SISD — *6.11.39 at Moscow. 31.1.42 merged with 12th NKVD SISD to become 15th NKVD SISD.
  • 12th NKVD SISD — *25.8.41 at Moscow. 31.1.42 merged with 11th NKVD SISD to become 15th NKVD SISD.
  • 12th NKVD Mountain RD — *29.6.41 at Saratov. 7.41 became the 268th RD of the Red Army.
  • 12th NKVD RD — *1.42 at Moscow. 9.42 converted to 22nd NKVD Rifle Brigade.
  • 13th NKVD CFSD — *11.39 at Kiev. With Southern and Southwestern Fronts until wiped out 9.41. Remnants became the 35th NKVD CFSD 2.42.
  • 13th Motor Rifle Division NKVD — *5.42 near Moscow from elements of the 8th NKVD Motor RD. With Voronezh Front. 8.42 became the second formation of the 95th Rifle Division of the Red Army.
  • 14th NKVD CFSD — *9.40 near Moscow. 2.42 became the 36th NKVD CFSD.
  • 14th Railway Facilities Protection Division NKVD — 3.8.44 at Vilnius. 15.5.51 disbanded.
  • 15th NKVD Mountain RD — *29.6.41 at Moscow. With Southern Front. 7.42 became the 257th RD of the Red Army.
  • 15th NKVD SISD — *31.1.42 at Moscow. Formed by merger of 11th and 12th NKVD SISD. 15.5.51 disbanded.
  • 16th NKVD Mountain RD — *29.6.41 at Moscow. 7.42 became the 262nd RD of the Red Army.
  • 16th NKVD SISD — *31.1.42 at Moscow. 30.5.50 disbanded.
  • 17th NKVD SISD — *31.1.42 at Gorki. 15.5.51 disbanded.
  • 18th NKVD RSD — *24.6.41 at Tbilis. 11.2.42 became 30th NKVD RSD.
  • 18th NKVD SISD — *22.6.41 at Sverdlovsk as the 25th NKVD SISD. 31.1.42 became the 18th NKVD SISD. 15.5.51 disbanded.
  • 19th NKVD SISD — *1.42 at Vorishilovgrad. With Southern and Trans-Caucasus Fronts. 10.11.42 reformed as the 8th NKVD Brigade.
  • 19th NKVD Special Installation and Railroad Security Division — *24.6.41 at Gorki. 26.3.42 became the 31st NKVD SIRSD.
  • 19th NKVD RD — *8.42 near Grozni. With Trans-Caucasus Front, fought at Grozni.
  • 20th NKVD SIRSD — *24.6.41 at Leningrad. 5.9.41 became the 20th NKVD RD.
  • 20th NKVD RD — *5.9.41 at Tikhvin from the 20th NKVD SIRSD. With 8th and 23rd Armies. 8.42 became the 92nd RD of the Red Army.
  • 20th NKVD SISD — *10.11.42 at Novosibirsk and Kuibyshev. 15.5.51 disbanded.
  • 21st NKVD Motor RD — *6.41 at Leningrad. With 42nd Army. 1.9.41 became the 21st NKVD RD. 8.42 21st NKVD RD became the 109th RD of the Red Army.
  • 21st NKVD SISD — 28.7.43 at Novosibirsk. 22.11.45 converted to 54th NKVD Brigade.
  • 22nd Motor Rifle Division NKVD — 23.6.41 in Northwestern Front area. After 30 June 1941, had to operate as a part of 10th Rifle Corps, but it had no organic artillery, engineer, or logistical support.[8] 8.41 wiped out and disbanded 1.42.
  • 22nd NKVD RSD — *29.2.44 at Kuibyshev. 25.5.46 disbanded.
  • 23rd NKVD Motor RD — *6.41 in Kiev Special Military District. With Southwestern Front, 1.42 became the 8th NKVD Motor RD.
  • 23rd NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Leningrad. Fought in Leningrad area. 15.5.51 disbanded.
  • 24th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Moscow (was the 3rd NKVD RSD). 21.12.46 disbanded.
  • 25th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Saratov (was the 4th NKVD RSD). With Southwestern and 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts. 15.5.51 disbanded.
  • 25th NKVD SISD — *22.6.41 at Sverdlovsk. Became the 18th NKVD SISD 31.12.42.
  • 26th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Liski (was the 5th NKVD RSD). 21.12.46 disbanded.
  • 26th NKVD Mountain RD — *29.6.41 at Moscow. 7.41 assigned to Red Army.
  • 27th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Khabarovsk (was the 6th NKVD RSD). 15.5.51 disbanded.
  • 28th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Svobodnyi (was the 7th NKVD RSD). 29.2.44 became the 32nd NKVD RS Brigade.
  • 29th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Chita (was the 8th NKVD RSD). 21.12.46 disbanded.
  • 30th NKVD RSD — *11.2.42 at Tbilisi (was the 18th NKVD RSD). 16.12.46 disbanded.
  • 31st NKVD RSD — *26.3.42 at Gorki (was the 19th NKVD RSD). 25.5.46 disbanded.
  • 32nd NKVD RSD — *26.3.42 at Voroshilov. With Voronezh, Central, Belorussian, and 1st Ukrainian Fronts. 15.5.51 disbanded.
  • 33rd NKVD RSD — *26.3.42 at Kuibyshev. 8.1.47 disbanded.
  • 34th NKVD RSD — *26.3.42 at Sverdlovsk. 21.12.46 disbanded.
  • 35th NKVD CFSD — *2.42 near Voronezh (was the 13th NKVD CFSD). With Stalingrad and Central Asian Military Districts. 7.51 disbanded.
  • 36th NKVD CFSD — *2.42 near Krasnoiarsk (was the 14th NKVD CFSD). With Ukrainian Military District. 1.48 disbanded.
  • 37th NKVD CFSD — *3.42 near Volodarsk. With Western and 1st Belorussian Fronts. 7.51 disbanded.
  • 38th NKVD CFSD — *3.42 at Novosibirsk. 7.51 disbanded.
  • 39th NKVD CFSD — *8.43 at Sverdlovsk. 7.51 disbanded.
  • 41st NKVD RSD — *26.3.42 at Rostov. Successively renamed the Sukhumi Division and the 10th NKVD RD.
  • 45th NKVD CFSD — *8.44 at Beltsy. With 2nd Ukrainian Front. 9.55 disbanded.
  • 46th NKVD CFSD — *8.44 at Moscow. 9.55 disbanded.
  • 47th NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Leningrad.
  • 48th NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Riga.
  • 49th NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Odessa.
  • 50th NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Voronezh.
  • 51st NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Kharkov.
  • 52nd NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Voroshilovgrad.
  • 53rd NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Rostov.
  • 56th NKVD CFSD — *5.45 at Alma-Ata.
  • 57th NKVD RD — *18.1.45 at Gaizhunai. With 3rd Belorussian Front. 10.45 disbanded.
  • 58th NKVD RD — *1.45 at Slonim. With 1st Belorussian Front. 6.45 disbanded.
  • 59th NKVD RD — *1.45 at L'vov. With 1st Ukrainian Front. 10.45 disbanded.
  • 60th NKVD RD — *22.2.45 at Vinnitsa. With 2nd Ukrainian Front. 4.10.46 disbanded.
  • 61st NKVD RD — *2.45 at Beltsy. With the Ukrainian fronts. 12.45 disbanded.
  • 62nd NKVD RD — *12.44 at Belgrade. With 3rd Ukrainian Front. 9.51 disbanded.
  • 63rd NKVD RD — *1.45 at Białystok. With 2nd Belorussian Front. 12.46 disbanded.
  • 64th NKVD RD — *10.44 at Lublin as the NKVD Composite Division. 12.44 became the 64th NKVD RD at Lvov. With 1st Ukrainian Front. 6.48 disbanded.
  • 65th NKVD RD — *23.1.45 at Stanisław. With 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts in Hungary. 18.7.46 disbanded.
  • 66th NKVD RD — *1.45 at Sibiu. With 3rd Ukrainian Front in Romania. 10.45 disbanded.
  • Grozny NKVD RD — *15.8.42 at Grozny. In combat with Trans-Caucasus Front until 12.42 and subsequently on security duties. 18.4.44 disbanded.
  • Makhachkala NKVD RD — *8.42 at Makhachkala. Fought with Red Army until 11.42. 1.43 disbanded.
  • Siberian NKVD RD — *10.42 in Siberia. 1.43 became the 140th Rifle Division of the Red Army and assigned to the 70th (NKVD) Army.
  • Central Asian NKVD RD — *10.42 in Siberia. 1.43 became the 161st Rifle Division of the Red Army and assigned to the 70th (NKVD) Army.
  • Far Eastern NKVD RD — *10.42 in Siberia. 1.43 became the 102nd Rifle Division of the Red Army and assigned to the 70th (NKVD) Army.
  • Trans-Baikal NKVD RD — *10.42 in Siberia. 1.43 became the 106th RD of the Red Army and assigned to the 70th (NKVD) Army.
  • Ural NKVD RD — *10.42 in Siberia. 1.43 became the 175th RD of the Red Army and assigned to the 70th (NKVD) Army.

Cavalry Divisions

See also: Cavalry division (Soviet Union)

At the time of the German invasion, there were nine regular cavalry divisions and four mountain cavalry divisions in the Red Army. The rapid destruction of Soviet mechanized forces in the summer and autumn of 1941 resulted in a rapid expansion of cavalry units to provide the Red Army a mobile, if not armored, force. This expansion produced some 87 new cavalry divisions by early 1942, many of which were later disbanded as the Red Army rebuilt its tank and mechanized formations. 17 of the cavalry divisions were granted Guards status and renumbered accordingly. At the start of the conflict, a cavalry division had some 9,000 men; by 1945, they were authorized 6,000 men and often organized into corps of three divisions that were reinforced by artillery, tank, and assault gun elements.[9]

Guards Cavalry Divisions

Tank Divisions

The Red Army tank divisions of the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) were short-lived. In the face of the German invasion of 1941, many poorly maintained vehicles were abandoned, and those that did meet the Germans in battle were defeated by the superior training, doctrine, and radio communications of the Panzertruppe. The magnitude of the defeat was so great that the mechanized corps parent headquarters of the tank divisions were either inactivated or destroyed by July 1941. Most of the tank divisions facing the Germans had met a similar fate by the end of 1941. The Soviets opted to organize more easily controlled tank brigades instead, eventually combining many of these into three-brigade tank corps in 1942, an organizational structure that served them until the end of the war. Until late in the war, two tank divisions remained in the Far East, serving in the Transbaikal Military District.

Artillery Divisions

Guards Rocket Artillery Divisions

  • 1st Guards Rocket Krasnoselsk Red Banner Artillery Division — Formed Sep 1942 at Moscow Military District Jan 1945.
  • 2nd Guards Rocket Gorodokskaya Red Banner Order of Alexander Nevskiy Artillery Division — Formed Sep 1942; with 1st Baltic Front Jan 1945.
  • 3rd Guards Rocket Kiev Red Banner Orders of Kutuzov (II) and Bogdan Khmelnitskiy (II) Artillery Division — Formed Sep 1942; with 1st Ukrainian Front Jan 1945.
  • 4th Guards Rocket Sivashskaya Order of Alexander Nevskiy Artillery Division — Formed Sep 1942; with 2nd Belorussian Front Jan 1945.
  • 5th Guards Rocket Kalinkovichskaya Red Banner Order of Suvorov (II) Artillery Division — Formed Jan 1943; with 1st Belorussian Front Jan 1945.
  • 6th Guards Rocket Bratislava Artillery Division — Formed Jan 1943; with 2nd Ukrainian Front 5.45.
  • 7th Guards Rocket Kovenskaya Red Banner Orders of Suvorov (II) and Kutuzov (II) Artillery Division — Formed Feb 1943; with 3rd Belorussian Front May 1945.

Antiaircraft Divisions

Aviation divisions

See Aviation Division for Soviet Air Forces divisions and Soviet Naval Aviation for naval aviation divisions

Divisions Disbanded 1945–89

  • Disbanded 1958(?)← 1957 7th MRD<-7th Mech Div <-1946/55← 7th Mech Corps
  • 343 (55) Rifle Division 1946–55, 136 MRD 1957, Disbanded 1958
  • Disbanded 1958←137 MRD 1957 ←345 (57) RD 1946–55
  • Disbanded 1959←138 MRD 1957 ←358 (59) RD 1946–55
  • Disbanded 1960←139 MRD 1957 ←349 (60) RD 1946–55
  • Disbanded 1959←140 MRD 1957 ←374 (70) RD 1946–55
  • Disbanded 1958←142 Mtn RD 1957 ←376 (72) RD 1955
  • Disbanded 1960←143 Gds MRD 1957←72G Mech Div 1946(1955) ←110 GRD
  • Disbanded 1958<144 MRD 1957<97 RD 1946 (1955)

See also

Notes

All Russian source notes are via Lenskii.

  1. ^ Scott and Scott, 1979, p.12
  2. ^ David Glantz, Colossus Reborn: The Red Army at War 1941–43, University Press of Kansas, 2005, p. 717 note 5.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Feskov et al 2013, p. 147
  4. ^ Story of the loss and regaining of the colours related at the end of article in Russian [1]
  5. ^ Feskov et al, "Советская Армия в годы «холодной войны» (1945–1991)", p. 29, Tomsk: Tomsk University Press, 2004.
  6. ^ Feskov et al, "Советская Армия в годы «холодной войны» (1945-1991)", p. 78, Tomsk: Tomsk University Press, 2004.
  7. ^ Feskov et al 2004, p.29
  8. ^ "Internal forces in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945", Documents and materials. Moscow, 1975, 39, cited in David Glantz, Stumbling Colossus, University Press of Kansas, 1998, 175.
  9. ^ Red Army Handbook, Chapter 3. For 5 GCD, see also thread at Axis History Forum for more details
  10. ^ a b c d e Regimental details from Cavalry Divisions of RKKA
  11. ^ a b For some postwar dispositions of the cavalry formations, see http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=23337.
  12. ^ Bashkir Cavalry Division
  13. ^ a b Deportation of 1944. Myths and Reality
  14. ^ Bashkir cavalry Division
  15. ^ 10th Mechanised Corps 1941
  16. ^ Erickson, Road to Stalingrad, Cassel Military Paperbacks, 2003, p.226
  17. ^ "Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1 November 1941". Tashv.nm.ru. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
  18. ^ Glantz, Stumbling Colossus, 231.
  19. ^ Axis History Forum • View topic – How many divisions were transferred from Far East in 1941?
  20. ^ AMVAS. "Tank Divisions 1941". Armchairgeneral.com. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
  21. ^ See Glantz, Stumbling Colossus, University Press of Kansas, 1998, 222, and associated endnotes at 324-325, notes 47-49. SBDVOV, Issue 37, pgs 99, 141-142 appear to be the original archive documents.
  22. ^ Michael Holm, http://www.ww2.dk/new/army/td/16td.htm
  23. ^ a b Feskov at Artillery divisions of RKKA of all types 1945 (Артиллерийские дивизии РККА всех типов периода 1942-1945 гг.) [2]
  24. ^ http://43rd.ru/istoriya-4-pad

References

  • V.I. Feskov, K.A. Kalashnikov, V.I. Golikov, The Soviet Army in the Years of the Cold War 1945–91, Tomsk University Publishing House, Tomsk, 2004
  • Feskov, V.I.; Golikov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A.; Slugin, S.A. (2013). Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской [The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces] (in Russian). Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing. ISBN 9785895035306.
  • Glantz, David M., Colossus Reborn, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2005. ISBN 0-7006-1353-6.
  • Glantz, David M., Companion to Colossus Reborn, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2005. ISBN 0-7006-1359-5.
  • А. Г. Ленский, Сухопутные силы РККА в предвоенные годы. Справочник. — Санкт-Петербург Б&К, 2000
  • Robert G. Poirier and Albert Z. Conner, The Red Army Order of Battle in the Great Patriotic War, Novato: Presidio Press, 1985. ISBN 0-89141-237-9.
  • Steven J. Zaloga and Leland S. Ness, Red Army Handbook 1941–1945, Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing, 1998. ISBN 0-7509-1740-7.
  • Боевой Состав Советской Армии 1941–1945 (Official Soviet Army Order of Battle from General Staff Archives).
  • http://samsv.narod.ru/
  • 223rd Rifle Division
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