List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System
Template:Lists of Solar System objects In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined a planet as a body in orbit around the Sun that was large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium and to have cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit.[1] An object in hydrostatic equilibrium is one that is large enough for its gravity to have overcome its internal rigidity, and so relax into a rounded (ellipsoidal) shape. The practical meaning of "cleared the neighborhood" is that a planet is comparatively massive enough for its gravitation to control the orbits of all objects in its vicinity. By the IAU's definition, there are eight planets in the Solar System. Those objects in orbit around the Sun that have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium but have not cleared their neighborhoods are called dwarf planets, and the remainder are termed small Solar System bodies. In addition, the Sun itself and a dozen or so natural satellites are also massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium.[2] Apart from the Sun, these bodies are included in the term planetary-mass object, or planemo. All known planetary-mass objects in the Solar System, as well as the Sun, are listed below, along with a sample of the largest objects whose shape has yet to be accurately determined. The Sun's orbital characteristics are listed in relation to the Galactic Center. All other objects are listed in order of their distance from the Sun.
Sun
The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star. It contains almost 99.9 percent of all the mass in the Solar System.[3]
Sun[4] | ||
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Astronomical symbol[q] | ![]() | |
Mean distance from Galactic Center |
km light years |
~2.5×1017 ~26,000 |
Mean radius | km :E[f] |
696,000 109 |
Surface area | km2 :E[f] |
6.0877×1012 11,990 |
Volume | km3 :E[f] |
1.4122×1018 1,300,000 |
Mass | kg :E[f] |
1.9891×1030 332,946 |
Density | g/cm3 | 1.409 |
Equatorial gravity | m/s2 | 274.0 |
Escape velocity | km/s | 617.7 |
Rotation period | days[g] | 25.38 |
Orbital period about Galactic Center[5] | million years | 225–250 |
Mean orbital speed[5] | km/s | ~220 |
Axial tilt[i] to the ecliptic | deg. | 7.25 |
Axial tilt[i] to the galactic plane | deg. | 67.23 |
Mean surface temperature | K | 5,778 |
Mean coronal temperature[6] | K | 1–2×106 |
Photospheric composition | H, He, O, C, Fe, S |
Planets
Key | ||
---|---|---|
* terrestrial planet |
° gas giant |
† ice giant |
Planets are both large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium and have cleared their neighborhoods of similar objects. There are four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) and four giant planets, which can be divided further into two gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn) and two ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). When excluding the Sun, the four giant planets account for more than 99 percent of the mass of all bodies in the Solar System.
*Mercury[7] | *Venus[8] | *Earth[9] | *Mars[10] | °Jupiter[11] | °Saturn[12] | †Uranus[13] | †Neptune[14] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Mean distance from Sun |
km AU |
57,909,175 0.38709893 |
108,208,930 0.72333199 |
149,597,890 1.00000011 |
227,936,640 1.52366231 |
778,412,010 5.20336301 |
1,426,725,400 9.53707032 |
2,870,972,200 19.19126393 |
4,498,252,900 30.06896348 |
Equatorial radius | km :E[f] |
2,439.64 0.3825 |
6,051.59 0.9488 |
6,378.1 1 |
3,397.00 0.53260 |
71,492.68 11.209 |
60,267.14 9.449 |
25,557.25 4.007 |
24,766.36 3.883 |
Surface area | km2 :E[f] |
75,000,000 0.1471 |
460,000,000 0.9020 |
510,000,000 1 |
140,000,000 0.2745 |
64,000,000,000 125.5 |
44,000,000,000 86.27 |
8,100,000,000 15.88 |
7,700,000,000 15.10 |
Volume | km3 :E[f] |
6.083×1010 0.056 |
9.28×1011 0.857 |
1.083×1012 1 |
1.6318×1011 0.151 |
1.431×1015 1,321.3 |
8.27×1014 763.62 |
6.834×1013 63.102 |
6.254×1013 57.747 |
Mass | kg :E[f] |
3.302×1023 0.055 |
4.8690×1024 0.815 |
5.9742×1024 1 |
6.4191×1023 0.107 |
1.8987×1027 318 |
5.6851×1026 95 |
8.6849×1025 14.5 |
1.0244×1026 17 |
Density | g/cm3 | 5.43 | 5.24 | 5.515 | 3.940 | 1.33 | 0.70 | 1.30 | 1.76 |
Equatorial gravity | m/s2 | 3.70 | 8.87 | 9.81 | 3.71 | 23.12 | 10.44 | 8.69 | 11.00 |
Escape velocity | km/s | 4.25 | 10.36 | 11.18 | 5.02 | 59.54 | 35.49 | 21.29 | 23.71 |
Rotation period[g] | days | 58.646225 | −243.0187[h] | 0.99726968 | 1.02595675 | 0.41354 | 0.44401 | −0.71833[h] | 0.67125 |
Orbital period[g] | years | 0.2408467 | 0.61519726 | 1.0000174 | 1.8808476 | 11.862615 | 29.447498 | 84.016846 | 164.79132 |
Mean orbital speed | km/s | 47.8725 | 35.0214 | 29.7859 | 24.1309 | 13.0697 | 9.6724 | 6.8352 | 5.4778 |
Eccentricity | 0.20563069 | 0.00677323 | 0.01671022 | 0.09341233 | 0.04839266 | 0.05415060 | 0.04716771 | 0.00858587 | |
Inclination[f] | deg. | 7.00 | 3.39 | 0[9] | 1.85 | 1.31 | 2.48 | 0.76 | 1.77 |
Axial tilt[i] | deg. | 0.0 | 177.3 | 23.44 | 25.19 | 3.12 | 26.73 | 97.86 | 29.58 |
Mean surface temperature | K | 440–100 | 730 | 287 | 227 | 152 [j] | 134 [j] | 76 [j] | 73 [j] |
Mean air temperature[k] | K | 288 | 165 | 135 | 76 | 73 | |||
Atmospheric composition | He, Na+ P+ |
CO2, N2 | N2, O2, Ar | CO2, N2 Ar |
H2, He | H2, He | H2, He CH4 |
H2, He CH4 | |
Number of known moons[v] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 67 | 62 | 27 | 14 | |
Rings? | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Planetary discriminant[l][o] | 9.1×104 | 1.35×106 | 1.7×106 | 1.8×105 | 6.25×105 | 1.9×105 | 2.9×104 | 2.4×104 |
Dwarf planets
Key | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
† asteroid |
‡ plutoid |
The IAU, the internationally recognized authority for assigning designations to celestial bodies, defines dwarf planets as bodies that are large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but have not cleared their neighbourhoods of similar objects. Since 2008, there have been five dwarf planets recognized by the IAU. Ceres orbits in the asteroid belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The others orbit beyond Neptune and are subclassified as plutoids.
†Ceres[15] | ‡Pluto[16] | ‡Haumea[17] | ‡Makemake[18] | ‡Eris[19] | ||
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Minor planet number | 1 | 134340 | 136108 | 136472 | 136199 | |
Mean distance from Sun |
km AU |
413,700,000 2.766 |
5,906,380,000 39.482 |
6,484,000,000 43.335 |
6,850,000,000 45.792 |
10,210,000,000 67.668 |
Mean radius | km :E[f] |
473 0.0742 |
1,186 [20] 0.186 |
650 (960×770×495) 0.10[21][22] |
715±7 0.11[23] |
1,163 0.18[24] |
Volume | km3 :E[f] |
4.21×108 0.00039[b] |
6.99×109 0.0065 |
1.5×109 0.001 |
1.5×109 0.001[b] |
6.59×109 0.0061[b] |
Surface area | km2 :E[f] |
2,770,000 0.0054[a] |
17,700,000 0.035 |
6,800,000 0.0133[z] |
6,400,000 0.013[a] |
17,000,000 0.0333[a] |
Mass | kg :E[f] |
9.39×1020 0.00016 |
1.305×1022 0.0022 |
4.01 ± 0.04×1021 0.0007[25] |
>2.1×1021 >0.0004[ad] |
1.7×1022 0.0028[26] |
Density | g/cm3 | 2.16 | 1.87 | 2.6[21] | >1.4[23] | 2.25[c] |
Equatorial gravity | m/s2 | 0.27[d] | 0.62 | 0.63[d] | >0.28[d] | ~0.8[d] |
Escape velocity | km/s[e] | 0.51 | 1.21 | 0.91 | >0.6 | 1.37 |
Rotation period[g] | days | 0.3781 | −6.38723[h] | 0.167 | ? | ? |
Orbital period[g] | years | 4.599 | 247.92065 | 285.4 | 309.9 | 557 |
Mean orbital speed | km/s | 17.882 | 4.7490 | 4.484[o] | 4.4[o] | 3.436[n] |
Eccentricity | 0.080 | 0.24880766 | 0.18874 | 0.159 | 0.44177 | |
Inclination[f] | deg. | 10.587 | 17.14175 | 28.19 | 28.96 | 44.187 |
Axial tilt[i] | deg. | 4 | 119.59 | ? | ? | ? |
Mean surface temperature[w] | K | 167[27] | 40[28] | <50[29] | 30 | 30 |
Atmospheric composition | H2O | N2, CH4, CO | N2, CH4[30] | N2, CH4[31] | ||
Number of known moons[v] | 0 | 5 | 2[32] | 0[33] | 1[34] | |
Planetary discriminant[l][o] | 0.33 | 0.077 | 0.023 | 0.02 | 0.10 |
Most-likely additional dwarf planets
These trans-Neptunian objects are theoretically large enough to be dwarf planets. Dozens more could have been included.[2] Both Quaoar and Orcus have known moons that have allowed the mass of the systems to be determined. Both are more massive than the 5×1020 kg recommendation of the IAU 2006 draft proposal as sufficient for classification as a dwarf planet.[35]
Orcus[36] | Ixion[37] | 2002 MS4[38] | Salacia[39] | Varuna[40] | 2005 UQ513[41] | Quaoar[42] | 2007 OR10[43] | 2007 UK126[44] | Sedna[45] | ||
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Minor-planet number | 90482 | 28978 | 307261 | 120347 | 20000 | 202421 | 50000 | 225088 | 229762 | 90377 | |
Semi-major axis | km AU |
5,896,946,000 39.419 |
5,935,999,000 39.68 |
6,273,000,000 41.93 |
6,311,000,000 42.19 |
6,451,398,000 43.13 |
6,479,089,380 43.31 |
6,493,296,000 43.6 |
10,072,433,340 67.33 |
11,032,000,000 73.74 |
78,668,000,000 525.86 |
Mean radius[s] | km :E[f] |
473 0.0742 |
402 0.063 |
467[46] 0.073 |
427[47] 0.067 |
~350 0.055 |
460 0.072[aa] |
422 0.066 |
~640 0.10 |
440 0.07[aa] |
~500 0.08 |
Surface area[a] | km2 :E[f] |
2,811,462 0.0055 |
2,030,775 0.00398 |
? | ? | 1,091,000 0.00214 |
2,659,044 0.0052 |
2,237,870 0.00439 |
6,157,522 0.012 |
2,432,849 0.005 |
3,000,000 0.006 |
Volume[b] | km3 :E[f] |
443,273,768 0.0004 |
272,123,951 0.0003 |
? | ? | 549,135,785 0.0005 |
407,720,083 0.0004 |
314,793,649 0.0003 |
1,436,755,040 0.001 |
356,817,905 0.0003 |
500,000,000 0.0005 |
Mass[t] | kg :E[f] |
6.32×1020[48] 0.0001 |
5.4×1020 0.00009 |
? | 4.5×1020[49] 0.000075 |
5.5×1020 0.00009 |
8.2×1020 0.0001 |
(1.3–1.9)×1021[50] 0.0003 |
2.9×1021 0.0005 |
7.1×1020 0.0001 |
1×1021 0.00017 |
Density[t] | g/cm3 | 1.5±0.3[48] | 2.0 | ? | 1.16[49] | 0.9992[51] | 2.0 | >2.8[50] | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Equatorial gravity[d] | m/s2 | 0.27 | 0.22 | ? | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.24 | <0.39 | 0.25 | <0.5 |
Escape velocity[e] | km/s | 0.50 | 0.42 | ? | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.45 | <0.74 | 0.46 | <1.0 |
Rotation period[g] | days | ? | ? | ? | 0.25 | 0.13216[51] | ? | ? | ? | ? | 0.42[52] |
Orbital period[g] | years | 247.492 | 249.95 | 271.53 | 274.03 | 283.20 | 285.12 | 287.97 | 552.52 | 633.28 | 12,059.06 |
Mean orbital speed | km/s | 4.68 | 4.66 | ? | ? | 4.53 | 4.52 | 4.52 | 3.63 | 3.25 | 1.04 |
Eccentricity | 0.22552 | 0.242 | 0.148 | 0.10312 | 0.051 | 0.145 | 0.038 | 0.5 | 0.490 | 0.855 | |
Inclination[f] | deg. | 22.5 | 19.6 | 17.693 | 23.9396 | 17.2 | 25.69 | 8 | 30.7 | 23.37 | 11.93 |
Mean surface temperature[w] | K | ~42 | ~43 | ? | ? | ~43 | ~41 | ~41 | ~30 | ~32 | ~12 |
Number of known moons | 1[53] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1[54] | 0 | 1[55] | 0 | |
Planetary discriminant[l][o] | 0.003 | 0.0027 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.0027 | 0.003 | 0.0015 | <0.1 | 0.036[x] | ?[x] | |
Absolute magnitude (H) | 2.30 | 3.20 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 3.70 | 3.40 | 2.71 | 1.7 | 3.40 | 1.58 |
Satellites
Key | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
€ Satellite of Earth |
₤ Satellite of Jupiter |
$ Satellite of Saturn |
₩ Satellite of Uranus |
₦ Satellite of Neptune |
¶ Satellite of Pluto |
There are 19 natural satellites in the Solar System that are known to be massive enough to be close to hydrostatic equilibrium, which Alan Stern calls satellite planets. However, several of these were once in equilibrium but are no longer: these include all of the moons listed for Saturn apart from Titan and Rhea. Other moons that were once in equilibrium but are no longer very round, such as Saturn's Phoebe, are not included. Satellites are listed first in order from the Sun, and second in order from their parent body.
€Moon[56] | ₤Io[57] | ₤Europa[58] | ₤Ganymede[59] | ₤Callisto[60] | $Mimas[p] | $Enceladus[p] | $Tethys[p] | $Dione[p] | $Rhea[p] | ||
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Mean distance from primary: |
km | 384,399 | 421,600 | 670,900 | 1,070,400 | 1,882,700 | 185,520 | 237,948 | 294,619 | 377,396 | 527,108 |
Mean radius | km :E[f] |
1,737.1 0.272 |
1,815 0.285 |
1,569 0.246 |
2,634.1 0.413 |
2,410.3 0.378 |
198.30 0.031 |
252.1 0.04 |
533 0.084 |
561.7 0.088 |
764.3 0.12 |
Surface area[a] | km2 :E[f] |
37,930,000 0.074 |
41,910,000 0.082 |
30,900,000 0.061 |
87,000,000 0.171 |
73,000,000 0.143 |
490,000 0.001 |
799,000 0.0016 |
3,570,000 0.007 |
3,965,000 0.0078 |
7,337,000 0.0144 |
Volume[b] | km3 :E[f] |
2.2×1010 0.02 |
2.53×1010 0.02 |
1.59×1010 0.015 |
7.6×1010 0.07 |
5.9×1010 0.05 |
3.3×107 0.00003 |
6.7×107 0.00006 |
6.3×108 0.0006 |
7.4×108 0.0007 |
1.9 ×109 0.0018 |
Mass | kg :E[f] |
7.3477×1022 0.0123 |
8.94×1022 0.015 |
4.80×1022 0.008 |
1.4819×1023 0.025 |
1.0758×1023 0.018 |
3.75×1019 0.000006 |
1.08×1020 0.000018 |
6.174×1020 0.00010 |
1.095×1021 0.00018 |
2.306×1021 0.0004 |
Density[c] | g/cm3 | 3.3464 | 3.528 | 3.01 | 1.936 | 1.83 | 1.15 | 1.61 | 0.98 | 1.48 | 1.23 |
Equatorial gravity[d] | m/s2 | 1.622 | 1.796 | 1.314 | 1.428 | 1.235 | 0.0636 | 0.111 | 0.145 | 0.231 | 0.264 |
Escape velocity[e] | km/s | 2.38 | 2.56 | 2.025 | 2.741 | 2.440 | 0.159 | 0.239 | 0.393 | 0.510 | 0.635 |
Rotation period | days[g] | 27.321582 (sync)[m] |
1.7691378 (sync) |
3.551181 (sync) |
7.154553 (sync) |
16.68902 (sync) |
0.942422 (sync) |
1.370218 (sync) |
1.887802 (sync) |
2.736915 (sync) |
4.518212 (sync) |
Orbital period about primary | days[g] | 27.32158 | 1.769138 | 3.551181 | 7.154553 | 16.68902 | 0.942422 | 1.370218 | 1.887802 | 2.736915 | 4.518212 |
Mean orbital speed[o] | km/s | 1.022 | 17.34 | 13.740 | 10.880 | 8.204 | 14.32 | 12.63 | 11.35 | 10.03 | 8.48 |
Eccentricity | 0.0549 | 0.0041 | 0.009 | 0.0013 | 0.0074 | 0.0202 | 0.0047 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.001 | |
Inclination to primary's equator | deg. | 18.29–28.58 | 0.04 | 0.47 | 1.85 | 0.2 | 1.51 | 0.02 | 1.51 | 0.019 | 0.345 |
Axial tilt[i][u] | deg. | 6.68 | 0 | 0 | 0–0.33[61] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mean surface temperature[w] | K | 220 | 130 | 102 | 110[62] | 134 | 64 | 75 | 64 | 87 | 76 |
Atmospheric composition | Ar, He Na, K, H |
SO2[63] | O2[64] | O2[65] | O2, CO2[66] | H2O, N2 CO2, CH4[67] |
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Rings? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes? |
$Titan[p] | $Iapetus[p] | ₩Miranda[r] | ₩Ariel[r] | ₩Umbriel[r] | ₩Titania[r] | ₩Oberon[r] | ₦Triton[68] | ¶Charon[16] | ||
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Mean distance from primary: |
km | 1,221,870 | 3,560,820 | 129,390 | 190,900 | 266,000 | 436,300 | 583,519 | 354,759 | 17,536 |
Mean radius | km :E[f] |
2,576 0.404 |
735.60 0.115 |
235.8 0.037 |
578.9 0.091 |
584.7 0.092 |
788.9 0.124 |
761.4 0.119 |
1353.4 0.212 |
603.5 0.095 |
Surface area[a] | km2 :E[f] |
83,000,000 0.163 |
6,700,000 0.013 |
700,000 0.0014 |
4,211,300 0.008 |
4,296,000 0.008 |
7,820,000 0.015 |
7,285,000 0.014 |
23,018,000 0.045 |
4,580,000 0.009 |
Volume[b] | km3 :E[f] |
7.16×1010 0.066 |
1.67×109 0.0015 |
5.5×107 0.00005 |
8.1×108 0.0007 |
8.4×108 0.0008 |
2.06×109 0.0019 |
1.85×109 0.0017 |
1×1010 0.00923 |
9.2×108 0.00085 |
Mass | kg :E[f] |
1.3452×1023 0.023 |
1.8053×1021 0.0003 |
6.59×1019 0.00001 |
1.35×1021 0.00023 |
1.2×1021 0.0002 |
3.5×1021 0.0006 |
3.014×1021 0.00051 |
2.14×1022 0.00358 |
1.52×1021 0.00025 |
Density[c] | g/cm3 | 1.88 | 1.08 | 1.20 | 1.67 | 1.40 | 1.72 | 1.63 | 2.061 | 1.65 |
Equatorial gravity[d] | m/s2 | 1.35 | 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.78 | 0.28 |
Escape velocity[e] | km/s | 2.64 | 0.57 | 0.19 | 0.56 | 0.52 | 0.77 | 0.73 | 1.46 | 0.58 |
Rotation period | days[g] | 15.945 (sync)[m] |
79.322 (sync) |
1.414 (sync) |
2.52 (sync) |
4.144 (sync) |
8.706 (sync) |
13.46 (sync) |
5.877 (sync) |
6.387 (sync) |
Orbital period about primary | days | 15.945 | 79.322 | 1.4135 | 2.520 | 4.144 | 8.706 | 13.46 | −5.877[h] | 6.387 |
Mean orbital speed[o] | km/s | 5.57 | 3.265 | 6.657 | 5.50898 | 4.66797 | 3.644 | 3.152 | 4.39 | 0.2 |
Eccentricity | 0.0288 | 0.0286 | 0.0013 | 0.0012 | 0.005 | 0.0011 | 0.0014 | 0.00002 | 0.0022 | |
Inclination to primary's equator | deg. | 0.33 | 14.72 | 4.22 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 157 | ? |
Axial tilt[i][u] | deg. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
Mean surface temperature[w] | K | 93.7[69] | 130 | 59 | 58 | 61 | 60 | 61 | 38 [70] | 53 |
Atmospheric composition | N2, CH4[71] | N2, CH4[72] |
Notes
Unless otherwise cited:[ac]
- ^ The planetary discriminant for the planets is taken from material published by Stephen Soter.[73] Planetary discriminants for Ceres, Pluto and Eris taken from Soter, 2006. Planetary discriminants of all other bodies calculated from the Kuiper belt mass estimate given by Lorenzo Iorio.[74]
- ^ Saturn satellite info taken from NASA Saturnian Satellite Fact Sheet.[75]
- ^ Astronomical symbols for all listed objects except Ceres taken from NASA Solar System Exploration.[76] Symbol for Ceres was taken from material published by James L. Hilton.[77] The Moon is the only natural satellite with an astronomical symbol, and Pluto and Ceres the only dwarf planets.
- ^ Uranus satellite info taken from NASA Uranian Satellite Fact Sheet.[78]
- ^ Radii for plutoid candidates taken from material published by John Stansberry et al.[24]
- ^ Axial tilts for most satellites assumed to be zero in accordance with the Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac: "In the absence of other information, the axis of rotation is assumed to be normal to the mean orbital plane."[79]
- ^ Natural satellite numbers taken from material published by Scott S. Sheppard.[80]
Manual calculations (unless otherwise cited)
- ^ Surface area A derived from the radius using , assuming sphericity.
- ^ Volume V derived from the radius using , assuming sphericity.
- ^ Density derived from the mass divided by the volume.
- ^ Surface gravity derived from the mass m, the gravitational constant G and the radius r: G*m/r2 .
- ^ Escape velocity derived from the mass m, the gravitational constant G and the radius r: sqrt((2*G*m)/r) .
- ^ Orbital speed is calculated using the mean orbital radius and the orbital period, assuming a circular orbit.
- ^ Assuming Pluto's density of 2.0
- ^ Calculated using the formula where Teff =54.8 K at 52 AU, is the geometric albedo, q=0.8 is the phase integral, and is the distance from the Sun in AU. This formula is a simplified version of that in section 2.2 of Stansberry, et al., 2007,[24] where emissivity and beaming parameter were assumed equal unity, and was replaced with 4 accounting for the difference between circle and sphere. All parameters mentioned above were taken from the same paper.
- ^ Calculated using the formula , where H is the absolute magnitude, p is the geometric albedo and D is the diameter in km, and assuming an albedo of 0.15, as per Dan Bruton.[81]
- ^ Mass derived from the density multipied by the volume.
Individual calculations
- ^ Derived from density
- ^ Surface area was calculated using the formula for a scalene ellipsoid:
- where is the modular angle, or angular eccentricity; and , are the incomplete elliptic integrals of the first and second kind, respectively. The values 980 km, 759 km, and 498 km were used for a, b, and c respectively.
Other notes
- ^ Relative to Earth
- ^ sidereal
- ^ retrograde
- ^ The inclination of the body's equator from its orbit.
- ^ At pressure of 1 bar
- ^ At sea level
- ^ The ratio between the mass of the object and those in its immediate neighborhood. Used to distinguish between a planet and a dwarf planet.
- ^ This object's rotation is synchronous with its orbital period, meaning that it only ever shows one face to its primary.
- ^ Objects' planetary discriminants based on their similar orbits to Eris. Sedna's population is currently too little-known for a planetary discriminant to be determined.
- ^ Proteus average diameter: 210 km;[68] Mimas average diameter: 199 km[75]
- ^ "Unless otherwise cited" means that the information contained in the citation is applicable to an entire line or column of a chart, unless another citation specifically notes otherwise.
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We had an uncertainty that ranged over maybe 70 kilometers, we've collapsed that to plus and minus two, and it's centered around 1186
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