List of state leaders in 1885

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1885.

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy – Akyampon Panyin, Chair of the Kwasafomanhyiamu (1884–1887)
• Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
• Cayor - Samba Laube Fal, damel (1858-1886)
• Kingdom of Dahomey – Glele (1856–1889)
• Egypt - Tewfik Pasha, Khedive (1879-1892)
• Ethiopian Empire – Yohannes IV (1871–1889)
• Liberia – Hilary R. W. Johnson, President of Liberia (1884–1892)
• Mahdist State of Sudan – Abdallahi ibn Muhammad (1885–1898)
• Merina Kingdom - Ranavalona III (1883-1897)
• Morocco - Hassan I, Sultan of Morocco (1873-1894)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph – Umar bin Ali (1881–1891)
  • Grand Vizier - Abdullah bin Muhammad Fodiye (c.1874–1886)
• Tunis - Ali III ibn al-Husayn (1882-1902)
• Wassoulou Empire – Samori Ture (1878–1898)
• Sultanate of Zanzibar – Barghash bin Said (1870–1888)

Asia

• Emirate of Afghanistan – Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901)
• China (Qing dynasty) – Guangxu (1875–1908)
• Empire of Japan
  • Monarch – Emperor Meiji (1867–1912)
  • Chancellor of the Realm – Sanjō Sanetomi (1871–1885)
  • Prime Minister – Itō Hirobumi (1885–1888)
    • The office of Chancellor was abolished in December with the appointment of Hirobumi as Prime Minister.
• Joseon (Korea) – Gojong (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
• Sultanate of Oman – Turki bin Said (1871–1888)
• Persia (Qajar dynasty) – Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1848–1896)
• Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty – French occupation)
  • Emperors
    1. Hàm Nghi (1884–1885)
    2. Đồng Khánh (1885–1888)
  • Regents
    1. Nguyễn Văn Tường (mandarin) (1883–1885)
    2. Tôn Thất Thuyết (mandarin) (1883–1885)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-Princes -
    • French Co-Prince - Jules Grévy, President of France (1879–1887)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
  • First Syndic - Josep Palmitjavila (1884–1885)
• Austria-Hungary – Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria - Count Eduard von Taaffe (1879–1893)
  • Minister-President of Hungary - Kálmán Tisza (1875–1890)
• Belgium
  • Monarch – Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Cabinet Chief - Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (1884–1894)
• Principality of Bulgaria – Alexander I Joseph (1879–1886)
• Kingdom of Denmark
  • Monarch – Christian IX (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister - Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup (1875–1894)
• French Third Republic –
  • President - Jules Grévy (1879–1887)
  • President of the Council -
    1. Jules Ferry (1883–1885)
    2. Henri Brisson (1885–1886)
• German Empire –
  • Monarch – Wilhelm I, Kaiser (1871–1888)
  • Chancellor - Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890)
  • see also List of German rulers in 1885
• Kingdom of Greece
  • Monarch – George I (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Charilaos Trikoupis (1882–1885)
    2. Theodoros Deligiannis (1885–1886)
• Kingdom of Italy
  • Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)
  • Prime Minister - Agostino Depretis (1881–1887)
• Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
  • Monarch – William III of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Félix de Blochausen (1874–1885)
    2. Édouard Thilges (1885–1888)
• Netherlands -
  • Monarch – William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers - Jan Heemskerk (1874–1877, 1883–1888)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Abdul Hamid II, Sultan (1876–1909)
• Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
  • Monarch – Luís I (1861–1889)
  • President of the Council of Ministers - António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo (1881–1886)
• Russian Empire – Alexander III (1881–1894)
• Kingdom of Spain –
  • Monarch – Alfonso XII (1875–1885), Regent Queen Maria Christina (1885–1902)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1874–1875, 1875–1879, 1879–1881, 1884–1885, 1890–1892, 1895–1897)
    2. Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1871–1872, 1874, 1881–1883, 1885–1890, 1892–1895, 1897–1899)
• Kingdom of Sweden –
  • Monarch – Oscar II (1872–1907)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Themptander (1884–1888)
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland –
  • Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. William Ewart Gladstone (1868–1874, 1880–1885, 1886, 1892–1894)
    2. The Marquess of Salisbury (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)

North America and the Caribbean

• Canada -
  • Prime Minister - Sir John A. Macdonald (1878–1891)
• Costa Rica –
  1. Próspero Fernández Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (1882–1885)
  2. Bernardo Soto Alfaro, President of Costa Rica (1885–1890)
• Honduras - Luis Bográn, President of Honduras (1883-1891)
• United States -
  1. Chester A. Arthur, President of the United States (1881–1885)
  2. Grover Cleveland, President of the United States (1885–1889)
• Mexico - Porfirio Díaz, President of México (1884–1911)

Oceania

• Kingdom of Hawaii – Kalākaua (1874–1891)
• Niue – Tui-toga, King of Niue (1875–1887)
• Samoa – Malietoa Laupepa, Malietoa (1880–1898)
• Tonga –
  • Monarch – George Tupou I, King of Tonga (1845–1893)
  • Prime Minister - Shirley Waldemar Baker (1880–1890)

South America

• Argentina – Julio Argentino Roca, President of Argentina (1880–1886)
• Empire of Brazil –
  • Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
  • President of the cabinet of ministers –
    1. Manuel Pinto de Sousa Dantas (1884–1885)
    2. José Antônio Saraiva (1885–1885)
    3. João Maurício Vanderlei, Baron of Cotejipe (1885–1888)
• Chile -
• Peru -
• Uruguay – Máximo Santos, President of Uruguay (1882–1886)