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Lyuh Woon-hyung

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Template:Korean name

Yo Un-hyung
Born(1886-05-25)May 25, 1886
Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi Province, Joseon
DiedJuly 19, 1947(1947-07-19) (aged 61)
Hyehwa-dong, Jongno-gu, Rotary road, Seoul, South Korea
Cause of deathAssassination
Resting placeUi-dong, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
NationalityJoseon
Alma materJinling University(金陵大学) in Nanjing
Known forKorean independence activists
Nationalist
Socialist
Communist
Journalist
Athlete(Sportsperson)
Revolutionary
SpouseJin Sang-ha
ChildrenDaughter: Lyuh Nan-gu, Lyuh Yeon-gu, Lyuh Won-gu, Lyuh Hyung-gu, Lyuh Soon-gu
Son: Lyuh Bong-gu, Lyuh Hong-gu, Lyuh Young-gu, Lyuh Boong-gu
Parent(s)Lee (Mother)
Lyuh Jung-hyun (Father)
Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl
여운형
Hancha
Revised RomanizationYeo Un-hyeong
McCune–ReischauerYǒ Unhyǒng
Art name
Chosŏn'gŭl
몽양
Hancha
Revised RomanizationMong-yang
McCune–ReischauerMongyang
WebsiteMongyang Memorial Society

Lyuh Woon-hyung or Yo Un-hyung (May 25, 1886 – July 19, 1947) was a Korean politician who argued that Korean independence was essential to world peace, and a reunification activist who struggled for the independent reunification of Korea since its national division in 1945.

His pen-name was Mongyang (몽양; 夢陽), the Hanja for "dream" and "light." He is rare among politicians in modern Korean history in that he is revered in both South and North Korea.

Life

Lyuh was born in Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi Province, the son of a local yangban magnate. At age 15, Lyuh enrolled in the Baejae School but in less than one year moved to Heunghwa School. After moving to yet another school and leaving that school before graduation, Lyuh began in 1907 to study the Bible and befriended the American missionary Charles Allen Clark, who helped him found Kidok Kwangdong School in 1909. In 1910, Lyuh dramatically parted from Korean tradition by freeing slaves owned by his household. In 1911, Lyuh enrolled in Pyongyang Presbyterian Theological Seminary and, in 1914, went to China where he studied English literature at a university in Nanjing. In 1917, he moved to Shanghai. In 1918, he organized the Mindan (Korea Resident Association) in that city, to provide a base for pro-independence activities. Lyuh took part in the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in 1919 and served as a member of that body's Legislative Assembly (Imsi Uijeongwon).

Like many in the Korean independence movement, Lyuh sought aid from both right and left. In 1920, he joined the Koryǒ Communist Party (고려 공산당, Goryeo Gongsandang) and, in 1921, attended the First Congress of the Toilers of the Far East in Moscow. In 1924 he joined Sun Yat-sen's Chinese Nationalist Party and worked for Sino-Korean cooperation. After being released from prison in 1932, Lyuh took on a variety of independence activities in areas of the media and sports. During the Berlin Olympics a Korean marathon runner, Sohn Kee-chung, won the gold medal. The Chungang Daily News, of which Lyuh was the editor, ran the photograph but removed the Japanese flag from his jersey. The Japanese closed down the newspaper and arrested Lyuh for the action. In addition to serving as editor of the Chungang Daily News, he also served as the president of the Choson JungAng Ilbo (조선중앙일보) and other sports associations.

1945 August, In Seoul's YMCA, Lyuh Woon Hyung had a meeting with the representatives of "the Committee for Preparation of Korean Independence" who came from all over the country.

In anticipation of Japan’s defeat in the Second World War, Lyuh organized in 1944 the Korean Restoration Brotherhood (조선건국동맹, Joseon Geon-guk Dongmaeng), a nationwide underground organization. He also formed the Committee for Preparation of Korean Independence (조선 건국 준비 위원회, Joseon Geon-guk Junbi Wiwonhoe). In September 1945, Lyuh proclaimed the establishment of the Korean People's Republic and became its vice-premier. In October, he stepped down under pressure from the United States Military Government, and organized the People's Party of Korea, becoming its chairman. For the following months of the anti-trusteeship movement and other political changes, Lyuh took a line of action in concert with the communists.

1946 May, Lyuh Woon-Hyung (right), at the Soviet-US Committee.

When a movement to unify the political left and the political right arose in May 1946, Lyuh represented the center-left and occupied a position on the center between the left and the right. Lyuh’s political stance was, however, attacked by both the extreme right and the extreme left, and his efforts to pursue a centrist position was made increasingly untenable by the political realities of the time. On July 19, 1947, Lyuh was assassinated in Seoul by a 19-year-old man named Han Chigeun, a recent refugee from North Korea and an active member of a nationalist right-wing group. Lyuh's death was widely mourned.

Timeline

Resting place in Seoul
  • 1886 May 25 – Born in Yangpyeong Yangseo-myeun Shingok-ri (now Shinwon-ri) Myogok (妙谷), Gyeonggi Province
  • 1894 – In period of Donghak Peasant Revolution, his family fled to Danyang, Chungcheongbuk-do and after 2 years, returned to Myogok.
  • 1900 – Enrolled in the Baejae School
  • 1901 – Transferred to Heung-hwa School (흥화학교).
  • 1902 – Entered school attached to the Correspondent bureau (우무학당).
  • 1903 – Spouse died in August. Grandfather died in October.
  • 1905 – Mother died.
  • 1906 – Father died.
  • 1907 – Became Christian. Founded Gwang-dong school (광동학교) in Yangpyeong.
  • 1908 – Founded branch of National Debt Repayment Movement in Yangpyeong and toured to speech about it.
  • 1910 – Became a teacher of Chodang Uisuk (초당의숙) of Gangneung.
  • 1911 – Had been fired from school because of rejecting Japanese era name. Entered to Pyeongyang seminarium and studied to 2 years
  • 1914 – Entered the English literature course of Jinling University (金陵大学) in Nanjing, studied 3 years.
  • 1917 – Got a job of travel Agent at Xiehe bookstore (協和書局) in Shanghai and helped Koreans in passage procedure. Met Sun Yat-sen. In summer, returned to Korea in private. Fled to China with Lee Beom-seok.
  • 1918 – Founded New Korea Youth Party in Shanghai and had been appointed to the leader.
  • 1919 – Became deputy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai.
  • 1919 November 27 – Visited Japan and had a speech at the Imperial Hotel about Right to life of Koreans.
  • 1920 – Joined the Koryǒ Communist Party in Shanghai and became a translation committee member and propaganda agent.
  • 1921 – Established "Korea-China Cooperated company" (Hanjung hojosa, 韓中互助社, 한중호조사) in Shanghai.
  • 1922 January – Participated in "Conference for Oppressed people of the Far east" (遠東被壓迫民族大會, 원동피압박민족대회) in Moscow. Met Vladimir Lenin and discussed about anti-imperialism movement in Korea. in October, Organized "Hanguk Nobyunghoe" (韓國勞兵會, 한국노병회) with Kim gu, Son jung-do etc.
  • 1924 – Became a special member of the Communist Party of China
  • 1929 July – Became coach of the soccer team of Fudan University and went to the Southeast Asia for educational travel with players. While in travel he made a speech of Anti-Imperialism at the Philippines, Singapore etc. Arrested by Japanese polices in Shanghai and taken to Korea. Had been sentenced to imprisonment for 3 years.
  • 1932 November – Had been released on parole from the prison of Daejeon.
  • 1933 February – Became the president of the Chungang Daily News (Chosun JungAng Ilbo, 조선중앙일보).
  • 1934 – Became chairman of the "Korea Sports Council" (조선체육회).
  • 1935 – Set up the gravestone in Yi Sun-sin graveyard of Asan.
  • 1936 August – Chungang Daily News ceased publication eternally for removing Japanese flag of Sohn Kee-chung's picture.
  • 1940 – Gone off to Tokyo and led and inspire Korean students in Japan. Met Fumimaro Konoe, Shūmei Ōkawa.
  • 1942 December – Arrested by Military police for violation of "Peace Preservation Law" (治安維持法)
  • 1943 – Got released from prison with three years of probation. while retired from active life, he made contact with comrade and led the young people.
  • 1944 August 10 – Formed Korean Restoration Brotherhood Secretly in Sam-gwang Oriental Medical Clinic (삼광한의원) in Seoul and expanded it on a nationwide scale.Rejected the suggestion to go to China of Endo Ryusaku (遠藤柳作), the vice-minister of the post of Governor-General of Korea (朝鮮総督府政務総監). Formed the "Farmers' Brotherhood"(농민동맹) at the Yongmun Mountain in Yangpyeong.
  • 1945 August 15 – Met Endo and had been transferred authority of administration and public order from Endo.
  • 1945 August 17 – Formed the Committee for Preparation of Korean Independence.
  • 1945 September 6 – Had been elected to temporary chairman of "National People's Representative Conference"(전국인민대표자회의 →People's Republic of Korea).
  • 1945 November 12 – Formed "People's Party of Korea" (조선 인민당).
  • 1946 February 9 ~ February 11 – Visited Haeju, Pyongyang and met Cho Man-sik, Kim Il-sung.
  • 1946 February 15 – Be elected one of the co-chairmen of "National Front for Democracy" (民主主義民族戰線, 민주주의민족전선).
  • 1946 May – Propelled "Left-right cooperation movement" (좌우합작운동) with Kim Kyu-sik, An Jae-hong etc.
  • 1946 July 17 – had been kidnapped to a mountain of Seoul Sindang-dong and escaped risk of murdered.
  • 1946 October 16 – Founded "Socialist Labourer's Party" (사회로동당).
  • 1946 December 28 ~ 1947 January 8 – Visited Pyongyang.
  • 1947 May 24 – Founded "Labor People's Party" (근로인민당). Had been elected to chairman.
  • 1947 July 19 – Had been Assassinated by Han Ji-geun, a member of secret society for White Terror "Baek-ui-sa" (백의사), at the Hyehwa-dong Rotary road, Seoul.

Belief

"Blood is thicker than water - Lyuh Woon-hyung"
  • 혈농어수 - 피는 물보다 짙다 (血濃於水): Blood is thicker than water [1]

Genealogy

  • Grandfather : Lyuh Gyu-sin (여규신, 呂圭信, ? ~ 1903 October)
  • Grandmother : ?
  • Father : Lyuh Jeong-hyeon (여정현, 呂鼎鉉, ? ~ 1906)
  • Mother : Lee of Gyeongju (경주 이씨, 慶州李氏, ? ~ 1905 September)
  • Spouse : Rhew (류세영의 장녀, 진주柳氏, ? ~ 1903 October, Married 1899-1903)
  • Spouse : Jin Sang-ha (진상하, 陳相夏, 1885 ~ ?)
    • Daughter : Lyuh Nan-gu (여난구, 呂鸞九, 1923 ~ ?), Dropped out Ewha Womans University due to heart disease
    • Daughter : Lyuh Yeon-gu (여연구, 呂鷰九, 1927 ~ 1996 September 28)
    • Daughter : Lyuh Won-gu (여원구, 呂鴛九, 1928 ~ 2009 July 30)
    • Daughter : Lyuh Hyeong-gu (여형구, 呂鶑九)
    • Son : Lyuh Bong-gu (여봉구, 呂鳳九, 1914 ~ 1932 November 14), Died of typhoid fever[2][3]
    • Son : Lyuh Hong-gu (여홍구, 呂鴻九, 1918 ~ 1939), Died of tetanus
    • Son : Lyuh Young-gu (여영구, 呂鸋九, 1930~?)
  • Japanese woman
    • Son : Lyuh Boong-gu (여붕구, 呂鵬九, 1936 ~ 1991), Died of Heart attack
  • Jin Ok-chul (진옥출, 陳玉出)
    • Daughter : Lyuh Sun-gu(여순구, 呂鶉九, 1942 ~ )
  • Brother : Lyuh Woon-il (여운일, 呂運一, 1890 ~ ?)
  • Brother : Lyuh Woon-hong (여운홍, 呂運弘, 1891 September 1 ~ 1973 February 3)
  • Sister : Lyuh

Actors depicting Lyuh

See also

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References

  1. ^ "몽양 선생의 친필이 맞습니다" – Oh My News
  2. ^ Joong-Ang Ilbo, 1932 November 16, page 2 column 9
  3. ^ Dong-A Ilbo, 1932 November 17, page 2 column 10

Source: Paekbom Ilchi, English version, historical notes.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Lyuh Woon-hyung.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yuh Woon-Hyung.
  1. ^ "Yo" is another Romanization of the name Yuh (여). "Yuh" was the Romanization used by Yuh himself.
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