MODY 1
| MODY 1 |
|---|
MODY 1 is a form of maturity onset diabetes of the young.
MODY 1 is due to a loss-of-function mutation in the HNF4A gene on chromosome 20. This gene codes for HNF4-α protein also known as transcription factor 14 (TCF14).[1][2][3] HNF4α controls function of HNF1α (see MODY 3; HNF1A) and perhaps HNF1β (MODY 5) as well. This transcription network plays a role in the early development of the pancreas, liver, and intestines. In the pancreas these genes influence expression of, among others, the genes for insulin, the principal glucose transporter (GLUT2), and several proteins involved in glucose and mitochondrial metabolism.
Although pancreatic beta cells produce adequate insulin in infancy, the capacity for insulin production declines thereafter. Diabetes (persistent hyperglycemia) typically develops by early adult years, but may not appear until later decades. The degree of insulin deficiency is slowly progressive. Many patients with MODY 1 are treated with sulfonylureas for years before insulin is required.
Liver effects are subtle and not clinically significant. Many people with this condition have low levels of triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), apolipoproteins AII and CIII.
Mutations in the alternative promoter of HNF4A are linked to development of type 2 diabetes.[citation needed]
References
- ^ Stokes, A; and Duda K. Comparison of Fatty Acid Ligands in Human HNF4-α Activity and its Role in Diabetes [Abstract]. Ga. J. Sci. 2005, 63(1), 57.
- ^ Duda K, Chi YI, Shoelson SE (2004). "Structural basis for HNF-4alpha activation by ligand and coactivator binding". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (22): 23311–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M400864200. PMID 14982928.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Dhe-Paganon S, Duda K, Iwamoto M, Chi YI, Shoelson SE (2002). "Crystal structure of the HNF4 alpha ligand binding domain in complex with endogenous fatty acid ligand". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (41): 37973–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200420200. PMID 12193589.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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