Nastasen
| Nastasen | |||||
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| Kushite King of Meroë | |||||
,_Berlin.jpg) Nastasen (left) making an offering to a God | |||||
| Burial | Nuri 15 | ||||
| Spouse | Sekhmakh | ||||
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| Father | Harsiotef ? | ||||
| Mother | Pelkha | ||||
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| Nastasen - Ankhkare in hieroglyphs | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Era: Late Period (664–332 BC) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nastasen was a king of Kush who ruled the Kingdom of Kush from 335 to 315/310 BCE. According to a stela from Dongola, his mother was named Queen Pelkha and his father may have been King Harsiotef.[1] His successor was Aryamani.
Biography
[edit]Nastasen is known from three types of objects. There is a stela with a long historical inscription, a silver handle of a mirror,[2] and several shabti-figures. The mirror handle and the shabti were found in a pyramid at Nuri (Nu. 15), which was obviously his burial place. He was the last Kushite king to be buried in the royal cemetery at Napata.
The 1.63-metre-high (5.3 ft) granite stela was found at New Dongola and is now in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin (Inv. no. 2268).[3] Originally, it was most likely placed in the Amun temple of Jebel Barkal. In the upper part appear the pictures and name of his mother, Pelkha, and his wife, Sekhmakh, next to the king.
During his reign, Nastasen defeated an invasion of Kush from Upper Egypt. Nastasen's monument calls the leader of this invasion Kambasuten, a likely local variation of Khabbash. Khabbash was a local ruler of Upper Egypt who had campaigned against the Persians around 338 BC. His invasion of Kush was a failure, and Nastasen claimed to have taken many fine boats and other war prizes during his victory.[4]
Tomb excavation
[edit]
The tomb of Nastasen is among several in Nuri that are slated for excavation by archaeologist Pearce Paul Creasman and his Nuri Archaeological Expedition using underwater archaeological methods. That is necessary because of rising ground waters in what was the 4th cataract Nubian region.[5] These tombs are under the pyramids and have flooded. Excavation reports of his tomb indicate that it was undisturbed by grave robbers.[6]
Explorer Josh Gates participated in a dive with Professor Creasman, which was featured in a May 2023 episode of Expedition Unknown (season 11, episodes 1 & 2 which aired May 24th & 31st). Among the finds uncovered on the dives were gold leaf, and a bone fragment in a gold toe cap, assumed to be from Nastasen.[7]
Sources
[edit]- Fage, J.D.; Oliver, Roland (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa Volume 2: From C.500 BC to AD1050. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 858. ISBN 0-521-21592-7.
- Török, László, in: Fontes Historiae Nubiorum, II, Bergen 1996, 467-501, ISBN 82-91626-01-4
References
[edit]- ^ Dunham, Dows; Macadam, M. F. Laming (1949). "Names and Relationships of the Royal Family of Napata". Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 35: 139–149. doi:10.1177/030751334903500124. S2CID 192423817.
- ^ Khartoum 1374.
- ^ "Stela of Nastasen". attalus.org. 2023-09-23.
- ^ Fage, p. 225.
- ^ Romey, Kristin, Dive beneath the pyramids of Egypt's black pharaohs, National Geographic, July 2, 2019.
- ^ Giles, Rosemary (October 21, 2022). "King Nastasen Tomb: How the King of Kush Was Discovered in a Flooded Tomb". Retrieved October 27, 2024.
- ^ @joshuagates (May 24, 2023). "It's time to dive into the tomb of Nastasen" (Tweet). Retrieved May 27, 2023 – via Twitter.
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