Outcast (person)
An outcast is someone who is rejected or cast out, as from home or from society[1] or in some way excluded, looked down upon, or ignored. In common English speech, an outcast may be anyone who does not fit in with normal society, which can contribute to a sense of isolation.
Compare the concept of sending to Coventry.
History
[edit]
In Ancient Greece, the Athenians had a procedure known as ostracism in which all citizens could write a person's name on a shard of broken pottery (called ostraka) and place it in a large container in a public place.[2] If an individual's name was written a sufficient number of times, he was ostracized—banished from the city for ten years.[3]
In early modern German society, executioners and their families were considered "dishonourable people" (unehrliche Leute).[4] In France, executioners and their families were ostracized and lived in social isolation.[5]
India
[edit]Outcasts, in the caste system in India, are individuals or a group that for some reason were rejected by any other caste. It is contrary to caste system, where even pariahs have their own caste. Furthermore, foreigners not ruled by the Indian nobility in India and all foreigners were sometimes perceived as outcastes and untouchables.
Exiles
[edit]To be exiled is to be away from one's home (i.e., city, state or country), while either being explicitly refused permission to return or being threatened with imprisonment or death on return. It can be a form of punishment. Exile can also be a self-imposed departure from one's homeland. Self-exile can be a protest by the person who claims it, or done to avoid persecution or legal matters (tax, criminal allegations, or otherwise), through shame, repentance, or to isolate oneself in order to devote time to a particular thing. Article 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[6] states that, "No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile."
In the Bible
[edit]In the Old Testament, Ishmael, the son of Abraham, was cast out after the birth of Isaac, his half-brother, who is considered the forebear of the Israelites. Genesis 16:12 of the Bible prophesies Ishmael's life as an outcast: "And he will be a wild man; his hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him; and he shall dwell in the presence of all his brethren."[7]
See also
[edit]- Anthropology
- Begging
- Bitlaha (applied in south Asia)
- Burakumin
- Cagot
- Castaway
- Dalit also called outcaste
- Deviancy
- Hobo
- Leatherman
- Marooning
- Nomad
- Ostracism
- Outlaw
- Persona non grata
- Social stigma
- Squatting
- Untouchability
- Vagrancy
References
[edit]- ^ "Outcast | Define Outcast at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
- ^ Burckhardt, Leonhard; Burckhardt, Leonhard Alexander; Ungern-Sternberg, Jürgen von (2000). Grosse Prozesse im antiken Athen (in German). C.H. Beck. pp. 68–77. ISBN 3-406-46613-3.
- ^ Forsdyke, Sara (2005). Exile, ostracism, and democracy : the politics of expulsion in ancient Greece. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2686-5. OCLC 355696355.
- ^ Stuart, Kathy (2000). Defiled Trades and Social Outcasts – Honor and Ritual Pollution in Early Modern Germany (PDF). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ "The Executioners Who Inherited Their Jobs". Smithsonian. 26 January 2018.
- ^ "Article 9". Ichrp.org. Archived from the original on July 28, 2009. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
External links
[edit]
- Abstract zoological
- wandervogel
- definition of friction
- outcastpress poetry and accounts1
- ostracon of Thebes@digitalegypt
- Search.ku.dk
- Wku.edu
- People.wku.edu
- Stlawu.edu
- Openlibrary.org
- Booksfactory.com
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