Pneumatoarthrus - Wikipedia

Pneumatoarthrus Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 70–68 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Sauropsida
Order:	Testudines
Family:	Protostegidae
Genus:	Pneumatoarthrus
Binomial name
*Pneumatoarthrus peloreus* Cope, 1870

Pneumatoarthrus is an extinct genus of sea turtle known from the Late Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian) Mount Laurel Formation of Monmouth County, New Jersey.

Taxonomy

The holotype of Pneumatoarthrus, ANSP 9225, was originally identified as a sacrum belonging to Hadrosaurus by Joseph Leidy in an 1865 monograph on Cretaceous reptiles from the US.^[1] Edward Drinker Cope later identified it belonging to a dinosaur more closely related to Anchisaurus, Efraasia, and Clepsysaurus than to Dryptosaurus and Ornithopsis,^[2] and in his 1872 description of the sea turtle Protostega he decided that Pneumatoarthrus was likely a sea turtle as well, which he reiterated in his 1875 monograph on Cretaceous vertebrate fossils from the Western Interior.^[3]^[4] Later authors overlooked Cope's 1875 monograph and considered it either a theropod or a hadrosaur (Huene 1932 considered Pneumatoarthrus the sacral vertebrae of Dryptosaurus).^[5] Baird (1979) confirmed the protostegid identification of Pneumatoarthrus by Cope (1872, 1875) based on examination of ANSP 9225.^[6]

References

^ Leidy, 1865. Memoir on the extinct reptiles of the Cretaceous formations of the United States. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. 14(6), 135 pp.
^ Cope, 1870. Observations on the Reptilia of the Triassic formations of the Atlantic region of the United States. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 11, 444-446.
^ Cope, 1872. A description of the genus Protostega, a form of extinct Testudinata. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 12, 422-433.
^ Cope, 1875. The Vertebrata of the Cretaceous formations of the West. Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories. 2, 303 pp.
^ http://theropoddatabase.com/Non-theropods.htm
^ Baird, D., 1979. Pneumatoarthrus Cope, 1870, not a dinosaur but a sea-turtle. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 129(4):71-81.

v t e Extinct turtles
Jurassic	Achelonia Americhelydia Bashuchelys Basilochelys Caribemys Chelonides Dinochelys Dorsetochelys Eurysternum Eurysternidae Hispaniachelys Hydropelta Idiochelys Neusticemys Parachelys Palaeomedusa Plesiochelys Pleurosternidae Selenemys Sinaspideretes Tacuarembemys Thalassemys Uluops
Cretaceous	Allopleuron Atlantochelys Angolachelys Anomalochelys Araripemys Araripemydidae Archelon Arvinachelys Aurorachelys Baenoidea Basilemys Bouliachelys Caririemys Cearachelys Chelosphargis Chubutemys Chupacabrachelys Compsemys victa Corsochelys Cratochelone Ctenochelys Desmatochelys Desmatochelys padillai Emarginachelys Foxemys Gigantatypus Gilmoremys Glyptops Hoplochelys Hoyasemys Iserosaurus Jeholochelys Jiangxichelys Kinkonychelys Kirgizemys Khunnuchelys Kurmademys Leyvachelys Liaochelys Lindholmemydidae Lomalatachelys Nanhsiungchelyidae Neurankylus Notochelone Ocepechelon Ordosemys Paracryptodira Patagoniaemys Peritresius Polysternon Pleurosternon Prochelidella Protostega Protostegidae Pneumatoarthrus Rhinochelys Sankuchemys Santanachelys Sinemys Terlinguachelys Toxochelys Trionyx kansaiensis Yaminuechelys
Paleogene and Neogene	Acherontemys Allaeochelys Anosteira Arabemys Argillochelys Axestemys Baenidae Banhxeochelys Berruchelus Bothremydidae Carbonemys Carolinochelys Cedrobaena Centrochelys atlantica Centrochelys vulcanica Cerrejonemys Chelodina murrayi Chelydrops Chelydropsis Chisternon Cosmochelys Elseya uberrima Elseya nadibajagu Eochelone Eosphargis Euclastes Foxemys Galianemys Gamerabaena Glarichelys Hadrianus Hesperotestudo Hutchemys Itilochelys Kinosternon pojoaque Lapparentemys Macrocephalochelys Manchurochelys Megalochelys (Megalochelys atlas) Mesodermochelys Mexichelys Miocaretta Niolamia Pacifichelys Palaeoamyda Palatobaena Peckemys Phrynops paranaensis Planiplastron Plesiobaena Procolpochelys Protochelydra Protosphargis Psephophorus Puppigerus Rheodytes devisi Rhinoclemmys panamaensis Stupendemys Stylemys Syllomus Tasbacka Trionyx ikoviensis Warkalania
Pleistocene	Centrochelys burchardi Centrochelys robusta Hesperotestudo mlynarskii Hesperotestudo percrassa Ninjemys Meiolaniidae Meiolania
Recent	Cylindraspis species: Domed Mauritius giant tortoise Domed Rodrigues giant tortoise Réunion giant tortoise Saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise Saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoise Aldabrachelys abrupta Aldabrachelys grandidieri Chelonoidis abingdonii Lonesome George Kinosternon arizonense

Testudines

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Diapsida
Order: Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra