Princeton, British Columbia
Princeton | |
|---|---|
| Town of Princeton[1] | |
 | |
| Country |  Canada |
| Province |  British Columbia |
| Region | Similkameen Country |
| Regional district | Okanagan-Similkameen |
| Founded | 1858 |
| Incorporated (village) | 1951 |
| Incorporated (town) | 1978 |
| Government | |
| • Governing body | Town Council |
| • Mayor | Frank Armitage |
| Area | |
• Total | 10.24 km2 (3.95 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 700.4 m (2,297.9 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 2,724 |
| • Density | 261.43/km2 (669.25/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (PST) |
| Postal code | V0X 1W0 |
| Area code | 250 / 778 / 236 |
| Highways |  Highway 3 Highway 5A |
| Waterways | Tulameen River Similkameen River |
| Website | www |
Princeton (originally Vermilion Forks[3]) is a town in the Similkameen region of southern British Columbia, Canada.[4] It lies just east of the Cascade Mountains, which continue south into Washington, Oregon and California. The Tulameen and Similkameen Rivers converge here.[5] At the 2011 census, the population was 2,724.[6]
Princeton centers on seven blocks of businesses along Bridge Street and five blocks on Vermilion Avenue; there are also businesses along British Columbia Highway 3.[7]
Historically, the area's main industry has been mining[5]—copper, gold, coal, and some platinum[3]—but today the town's biggest employer is a sawmill owned by Weyerhaeuser, along with a few smaller timber companies, such as Princeton Wood Preservers and Princeton Post and Rail.[8]
History
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Before European contact, the land around today's Princeton was known among First Nations people as a source of red ochre. Beginning no later than 1846, fur traders, settlers, and miners established trails connecting what was then known as Vermilion Forks to the Pacific Coast of British Columbia. John Fall Allison became, in 1858, the first permanent settler of European ancestry.[3] To this day, the site of his home functions locally like a kilometre zero, with creeks east of Princeton having names like "Five Mile" based on their distance from that location.[7] The town he founded was renamed "Prince Town" (later corrupted to "Princeton") to honor an 1860 visit to eastern Canada by Prince Edward (later King Edward VII).[3]
In the years 1909–1915 the railways arrived, with the Kettle Valley Railway (later Canadian Pacific) connecting Princeton to the Great Northern.[3]
Until 1961, Princeton was home to a brewery, the Princeton Brewing Company. Until the 1940s, the brewery kept its beer cool in the Vermilion Cave. The cave, which held up to 20 railway cars at a time, was largely demolished to make way for the Hope-Princeton Highway, part of the Crowsnest Highway (British Columbia Highway 3).[9]
Princeton joined the Canadian Board of Trade (later Chamber of Commerce) in 1913, and was incorporated as a village in 1951, and as a town in 1978.[7] Beginning in the 1980s, Princeton began to revitalize its downtown, a plan that included red brick sidewalks and new streetlights. In the 1990s, they adopted a "heritage" theme, with many businesses converting their exteriors to match architectural styles from roughly a century earlier.[5] Further landscaping of the town centre continues as of 2008.[7]
The historic Princeton Hotel on Bridge Street, having been in operation since 1912, burned to ground on April 8, 2006.
The name Vermilion Forks survives in the name of Vermilion Forks Indian Reserve No. 1, which is immediately adjacent to the town of Princeton, to the east, and is one of the reserves of the Upper Similkameen Indian Band, whose head offices are in Hedley.
Princeton Museum
The Princeton Museum on Vermilion Avenue houses the Joe Pollard fossil collection. The collection also includes an early 1900s stagecoach, a 1934 fire engine, local native artifacts, a collection of dolls, a collection of local butterflies, exhibits about pioneer life, a livery stable, and an old firehouse.[10] The Museum is affiliated with: CMA, CHIN, and Virtual Museum of Canada.
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Princeton Museum -
Princeton Museum -
Princeton Museum -
Princeton Museum outbuilding
John Fall Allison and Susan Louisa Moir Allison
After their marriage in 1868, John and Susan Louisa Moir Allison moved to the Similkameen Valley, becoming the first non-Aboriginal settlers to live there. The couple, aided by Mr Allison's knowledge of Chinook Jargon, a trade language, became close with nearby Aboriginal populations. There, the two produced 14 children. In the Valley, Mrs. Allison had what she described as her happiest days, traversing nearby mountains on horseback and establishing relationships with nearby First Nations. She claimed to have sighted Ogopogo, a cryptid lake monster similar to the Loch Ness Monster in Okanagan Lake.[11]
In 1876, Mr. Allison was appointed a Justice of the Peace and became the first Gold Commissioner of the newly created Similkameen Mining District. In 1891, an ethnographic paper written by Mrs Allison on the Similkameen was published by the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and another was published in the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1900 she published a poem about an Aboriginal chief.[11]
Mr Allison died in 1897 and was buried at a site overlooking the Similkameen River near a landmark named "Castle Rock". Mrs Allison moved to Vancouver in 1928 where she died on February 1, 1937 aged 92.[11] In 2010 the Government of Canada designated Susan Louisa Moir Allison as a person of national historic significance.[12]
Climate
Princeton is located just east of the Cascade mountains, giving the town a rain shadow effect whereby the community receives very little precipitation relative to areas on the windward side of the Cascade mountains. Princeton is one of the sunniest places in British Columbia with 2088 hours of sunshine annually. The 323 days per year with measurable sunshine, defined by having a minimum of 6 minutes of sunshine in a day,[13] is the most in the province, and one of the highest in Canada. The 29.4 days with measurable sunshine in March is the highest in the country.
| Climate data for Princeton Aerodrome | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high humidex | 11.8 | 13.5 | 22.8 | 30.3 | 37.4 | 40.8 | 45.5 | 39.1 | 39.1 | 30.1 | 23.8 | 10.2 | 45.5 |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
23.5 (74.3) |
31.1 (88.0) |
36.3 (97.3) |
36.7 (98.1) |
41.7 (107.1) |
38.7 (101.7) |
38.8 (101.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
41.7 (107.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) |
2.6 (36.7) |
9.1 (48.4) |
14.4 (57.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
22.3 (72.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.7 (80.1) |
21.7 (71.1) |
13.2 (55.8) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
12.9 (55.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.3 (52.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
17.9 (64.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
6.8 (44.2) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
6.6 (43.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.6 (16.5) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
7.3 (45.1) |
9.5 (49.1) |
9.0 (48.2) |
4.7 (40.5) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
0.2 (32.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −41.1 (−42.0) |
−33.9 (−29.0) |
−33.3 (−27.9) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−23.1 (−9.6) |
−34.5 (−30.1) |
−42.8 (−45.0) |
−42.8 (−45.0) |
| Record low wind chill | −36.9 | −34.5 | −34.0 | −14.8 | −8.2 | −2.8 | 0.0 | −1.4 | −6.0 | −26.6 | −38.5 | −40.3 | −40.3 |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 39.7 (1.56) |
20.5 (0.81) |
16.5 (0.65) |
18.4 (0.72) |
29.6 (1.17) |
37.6 (1.48) |
29.6 (1.17) |
24.3 (0.96) |
23.8 (0.94) |
26.1 (1.03) |
44.5 (1.75) |
36.4 (1.43) |
346.9 (13.66) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 12.1 (0.48) |
7.7 (0.30) |
8.0 (0.31) |
16.7 (0.66) |
28.9 (1.14) |
37.6 (1.48) |
29.6 (1.17) |
24.3 (0.96) |
23.7 (0.93) |
23.5 (0.93) |
26.9 (1.06) |
6.7 (0.26) |
245.7 (9.67) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 33.9 (13.3) |
16.2 (6.4) |
10.2 (4.0) |
1.9 (0.7) |
0.7 (0.3) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.0) |
3.0 (1.2) |
21.6 (8.5) |
37.7 (14.8) |
125.1 (49.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 13.5 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 10.8 | 13.4 | 12.6 | 123.5 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 3.7 | 3.4 | 5.7 | 8.4 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 2.5 | 86.8 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 11.6 | 6.9 | 4.7 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 7.2 | 11.4 | 45.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80.7 | 69.1 | 50.3 | 40.4 | 39.8 | 40.1 | 35.8 | 34.1 | 37.6 | 50.6 | 73.1 | 81.7 | 52.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 59.0 | 99.8 | 159.9 | 199.6 | 247.3 | 255.5 | 300.2 | 285.3 | 219.3 | 146.9 | 66.6 | 48.2 | 2,087.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 21.9 | 35.0 | 43.5 | 48.5 | 52.0 | 52.6 | 61.2 | 63.9 | 57.8 | 43.8 | 24.2 | 18.8 | 43.6 |
| Source: [14] | |||||||||||||
Princeton Castle
On the eastern outskirts of Princeton are the ruins of East Princeton. Conceived in 1910 as a "Great Cement City", the area is now a resort known as "Princeton Castle".[15]
Four years, a million dollars, hundreds of thousands of hours of work by engineers, carpenters, and masons (several of whom died in accidents) went into constructing a cement plant. The project came to an abrupt halt in 1914, for reasons not entirely clear: possibly lack of limestone or (due to World War I) coal.[15]
Other institutions
Princeton is part of School District #58, and has two elementary schools (John Allison for grades K-3 and Vermilion Forks for grades 4-7), a secondary school (for grades 8-12) and The Bridge, a continuing education school (grades 8-12 and adult learners that have not completed high school).[5]
Princeton has a hospital and long-term care center (Princeton General Hospital and Ridgewood Lodge), two Seniors' Clubs and several seniors' and handicapped housing facilities, and a variety of drug and alcohol counseling services, an adult mental care drop-in center, a program for women in abusive relationships, and numerous other social service institutions.[5]
Princeton on film
In 1987, Burt Reynolds starred in the film Malone, which was filmed mainly in neighbouring Hedley, British Columbia, but included key scenes in downtown Princeton and the surrounding area. Also partly shot in the area was Sean Penn's 2001 film The Pledge, starring Jack Nicholson, which was also filmed in Lytton and Lillooet.
References
- ^ "British Columbia Regional Districts, Municipalities, Corporate Name, Date of Incorporation and Postal Address" (XLS). British Columbia Ministry of Communities, Sport and Cultural Development. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
- ^ "Princeton... 'Beautiful B.C. at its Best'", Princeton 2008 Visitors Guide, p. 9. gives the elevation as 700.4 meters.
- ^ a b c d e "The rich history of Princeton or how Vermilion Forks made it on the map...", Princeton 2008 Visitors Guide, p. 4.
- ^ "Princeton". BC Geographical Names.
- ^ a b c d e "Everything you've ever wanted to know about Princeton...", Princeton 2008 Visitors Guide, p. 6.
- ^ "Census profile: Princeton (2011)". statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Princeton... 'Beautiful B.C. at its Best'", Princeton 2008 Visitors Guide, p. 9.
- ^ http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/library/documents/bib93084.pdf
- ^ "Cave once used to keep beer cool held up to 20 rail cars", Princeton 2008 Visitors Guide, p. 4.
- ^ "Museum home to our history", Princeton 2008 Visitors Guide, p. 14.
- ^ a b c "Backgrounder: Susan Louisa Moir Allison". parkscanada.gc.ca. Parks Canada. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
- ^ "News release: Government of Canada designates Susan Louisa Moir Allison as a person of national historic significance". parkscanada.gc.ca. Parks Canada. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
- ^ http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=1056&lang=e&StationName=princeton&SearchType=Contains&stnNameSubmit=go&dCode=1&dispBack=1#normals-data
- ^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data". Environment Canada. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
- ^ a b "Princeton Castle", Princeton 2008 Visitors Guide, p. 27.
External links
Princeton, British Columbia travel guide from Wikivoyage- Official Municipality Website www
.princeton .ca - Census profile: Princeton (2011) www12
.statcan .gc .ca /census-recensement /index-eng .cfm - Similkameen News Leader www
.thenewsleader .net - Similkameen Spotlight Newspaper www
.bclocalnews .com /okanagan _similkameen /similkameenspotlight
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