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List of cryptids

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Cryptids are animals that cryptozoologists believe may exist somewhere in the wild, but whose present existence is disputed or unsubstantiated by science. Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience, which primarily looks at anecdotal stories, and other claims rejected by the scientific community. While biologists regularly identify new species following established scientific methodology, cryptozoologists focus on entities mentioned in the folklore record and rumor. Entities that may be considered cryptids by cryptozoologists include Bigfoot, Yeti, the chupacabra, the Jersey Devil, the Loch Ness Monster, and the Mokele-mbembe.

Scholars have noted that the cryptozoology subculture rejected mainstream approaches from an early date, and that adherents often express hostility to mainstream science. Scholars have studied cryptozoologists and their influence (including the pseudoscience's association with Young Earth creationism),[1][2] noted parallels in cryptozoology and other pseudosciences such as ghost hunting and ufology, and highlighted uncritical media propagation of cryptozoologist claims.

List

Aquatic or semi-aquatic

Name Other Names Description Purported Location Depiction
Cadborosaurus[3] Caddy Sea animal Pacific Coast of North America
Champ[4] Champy Lake monster Lake Champlain, North America
Cryptid Whales[5][6] Giglioli's Whale, Rhinoceros dolphin, High-finned sperm whale, Alula whale, Unidentified beaked whales Sea animal Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean
Dobhar-chú[7] Water Hound, King Otter Extra-large otter-like carnivorous aquatic mammal Ireland
Gloucester sea serpent[8] Large serpent Gloucester, Cape Ann
Iemisch[9] Iemisch Listai Mix of a jaguar and otter Patagonia
Igopogo[citation needed] Kempenfelt Kelly Lake monster Lake Simcoe, Ontario (Canada)
Isshii[citation needed] Issie Lake monster Japan
Labynkyr Devil[10][11][12] Labynkyrsky Chert[citation needed] Lake monster Oymyakonsky Ulus, Sakha Republic, Russia
Loch Ness Monster[13] Nessie Lake monster Loch Ness, Scotland Sculpture of the Loch Ness monster as a plesiosaurus
Loveland Frog[14] Loveland frogman, Loveland lizard Humanoid frog Loveland, Ohio
Lusca[15] Giant Octopus[citation needed] Blue holes in the Bahamas
Mamlambo[citation needed] Lake monster South Africa
Manipogo[16] Winnipogo Lake monster Lake Manitoba, Canada
Megalodon[15] Otodus megalodon Giant Shark Oceans
Mokele-mbembe[17] Dinosaur (lake, river and/or swamp monster) Republic of the Congo
Ogopogo[4] N'ha•a•itk, Naitaka Lake monster Lake Okanagan, Canada
Sea serpents[18] Sea animals, dinosaurs All bodies of water
Selma[19] Seljordsormen Lake monster Lake Seljord, Telemark, Norway
Steller's sea ape[20] Sea animal Pacific Ocean

Terrestrial

Name Other names Description Purported location Depiction
British big cats[21] Alien big cats (ABCs), phantom cats, mystery cats, English lions,
Beast of Bodmin, Beast of Exmoor
Carnivorous mammal Great Britain
Capelobo[22] Humanoid anteater monster Brazil
Chupacabra[23] Chupacabras (Spanish for goat-sucker) Puerto Rico (originally),
South and Central America,
Southern North America
Dover Demon[24] Dover, Massachusetts
Eastern Cougar[25] Eastern United States
Lizard Man of Scape Ore Swamp[26] Lizard Man of Lee County Bipedal South Carolina, United States
Malagasy hippo[27] Malagasy pygmy hippopotamus, Madagascan pygmy hippopotamus, kilopilopitsofy, tsy-aomby-aomby, omby-rano, laloumena, mangarsahoc Hippo Madagascar
Mapinguari[28] Mapinguary Giant Ground Sloth or primate Amazons
Michigan Dogman[29] Humanoid dog Wexford County, Michigan
Minhocão[citation needed] Big Earthworm Caecilian South America
Moa[30] Flightless bird New Zealand
Mongolian death worm[31] Allghoi (or orghoi) khorkhoi Worm-like animal Gobi Desert (Asia)
Nandi bear[32] Chemosit, Kerit, Koddoelo, Ngoelo, Ngoloko, Duba Large carnivore Eastern Africa
Queensland Tiger[33] Yarri Large feline Queensland
Thylacine[34][35] Tasmanian Tiger, Tasmanian Wolf Marsupial Australia, New Guinea
Zanzibar leopard[36] Large feline Zanzibar
Name Other names Description Purported location Depiction
Almas[4] Abnauayu, almasty, albasty, bekk-bok,
biabin-guli, golub-yavan, gul-biavan, auli-avan,
kaptar, kra-dhun, ksy-giik, ksy-gyik, ochokochi,
mirygdy, mulen, voita, wind-man, Zana
Non-human ape or hominid Asia/Caucasus
Amomongo[37] Orang Mawas, Impakta Ape or hominid Negros Occidental, Philippines
Barmanou[citation needed] Barmanu, Big Hairy One Ape or hominid Middle East/Asia
Bigfoot[38] Sasquatch Large and hairy ape-like creature United States and Canada
Bukit Timah Monkey Man[39] BTM, BTMM Forest-dwelling hominid or other primate Singapore
Chuchunya[40] Large hominid Russia
Cryptoterrestrial[41] Majeena', Wandjina Humanoid creature associated with UFO abductions and close encounters, interpreted as a terrestrial hidden race Brazil, Mount Rainier, Mount Shasta, and Antarctica in Nazi UFO conspiracy lore
Fouke Monster[42] Jonesville Monster, Southern Sasquatch, Boggy Creek Monster Hominid or other primate Arkansas, United States
Honey Island Swamp monster[43] Letiche, Tainted Keitre Hominid or other primate Louisiana, United States
Orang Pendek Small hominid Sumatra
Nittaewo[44] Nittevo Small hominids Sri Lanka
Skunk ape[45] Stink Ape, Myakka Ape, Myakka Skunk Ape Primate Florida, United States
Yeren[46][45] Yiren, Yeh Ren, Chinese Wildman Primate (possible hominin) China
Yeti[47] Abominable Snowman Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions Himalayas (Asia)
Yowie[44] Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions Australia

Flying

Name Other names Description Purported location Depiction
Jersey Devil[13] Leeds Devil Winged bipedal horse United States, mainly the South Jersey Pine Barrens, as well as other parts of New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania
Mothman[48] Winged Man, Bird Man, UFO-Bird, Mason Bird Monster Winged bipedal Mason County, West Virginia, United States
Rod[49] Skyfish, Air Rod, Solar Entity Small flying stick-like creatures Worldwide
Ropen[50] Large bat-like creature or pterosaur New Guinea
Thunderbird[51][52] Giant bird North America

See also

References

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  2. ^ Card, Jeb J. (2016). "Steampunk Inquiry: A Comparative Vivisection of Discovery Pseudoscience". In Card, Jeb J.; Anderson, David S. (eds.). Lost City, Found Pyramid: Understanding Alternative Archaeologies and Pseudoscientific Practices. University of Alabama Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780817319113. Creationists have embraced cryptozoology and some cryptozoological expeditions are funded by and conducted by creationists hoping to disprove evolution.
  3. ^ Loxton & Prothero 2013, pp. 261–295.
  4. ^ a b c Shermer, Michael; Linse, Pat (November 2002). The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 72. ISBN 9781576076538.
  5. ^ Mörzer Bruyns, W. F. J. (1971). Field guide of whales and dolphins. Rivonverhandeling. Tor. pp. 124–125. ISBN 978-90-70055-09-7
  6. ^ "Cetaceans with two dorsal fins" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  7. ^ "Ireland's hound of deep - Dobhar Chu". Irish Central News. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  8. ^ Nicaise, Alexander (5 September 2019). "Gloucester Sea-Serpent Mystery: Solved after Two Centuries | Skeptical Inquirer". Retrieved 25 September 2023.
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  22. ^ "Capelobo". Portal São Francisco (in Brazilian Portuguese). 11 August 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
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  24. ^ Sullivan, Mark (29 October 2006). "Decades later, the Dover Demon still haunts". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
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  27. ^ Burney, David A.; Ramilisonina (December 1998). "The Kilopilopitsofy, Kidoky, and Bokyboky: Accounts of Strange Animals from Belo-sur-mer, Madagascar, and the Megafaunal "Extinction Window"". American Anthropologist. 100 (4): 957–966. doi:10.1525/aa.1998.100.4.957. ISSN 0002-7294.
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  30. ^ kreidler, Marc (26 May 2017). "The New Zealand Moa: From Extinct Bird to Cryptid | Skeptical Inquirer". Retrieved 9 February 2023.
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  35. ^ "Cryptids and credulity: The Zanzibar leopard and other imaginary beings", Anthropology and Cryptozoology, New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Multispecies: Routledge, pp. 70–106, 3 November 2016, doi:10.4324/9781315567297-11, ISBN 9781315567297, retrieved 9 September 2023{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
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  49. ^ "rods - The Skeptic's Dictionary - Skepdic.com". www.skepdic.com. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  50. ^ "Don't Get Strung Along by the "Ropen" Myth".
  51. ^ Nez, Noah (18 July 2012). "Thunderbirds". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  52. ^ "The mythic child-stealing Thunderbirds of Illinois". Atlas Obscura. 5 August 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2018.

Bibliography

  • The dictionary definition of cryptid at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Cryptozoology at Wikimedia Commons