Tie Sing
Tie Sing | |
|---|---|
 Yosemite National Park, California. Tie Sing, a 21-year veteran cook of the U.S. Geological Survey, in the field. 1909. | |
| Born | 19th-century |
| Died | 1918 (aged 69–70) |
| Occupation | Chef |
Tie Sing (19th-century-1918)[1] was a Chinese American head chef for the U.S. Geological Survey at Yosemite.
Career
[edit]Tie Sing was among the Chinese Americans that came to the US during the 1848 Californian Gold Rush. In 1850, California passed the Foreign Miners' Tax Act, which imposed taxes on non-American miners and laborers. These taxes, alongside the dwindling gold supply, forced many Chinese Americans to find new opportunities, and many ended up in Yosemite as hotel cooks and road builders.[2] Many of these Chinese American cooks subsequently gained prominence for their culinary skills, becoming head chefs in hotels.[3]
Tie Sing was the head chef for the U.S. Geological Survey and was known for his innovative spirit that enabled good food to be made in the backcountry despite undeveloped infrastructure. Tie Sing was known for wrapping meat in wet newspaper and cooling it in the breeze. He would also drape rounds of biscuit dough on working mules, using their body heat to rise the dough.[4]
In 1899, Sing Peak was named after Tie Sing by the U.S. Geological Survey for his outstanding service. This honor was unique for being conferred during Tie Sing's lifetime and also during a time of heightened racism and xenophobia against Chinese Americans.[5] The Chinese Exclusion Act had been passed seven years ago in 1882 and would remain in force until the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943.
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In 1915, Tie Sing was hired by Stephen Mather to cook for business and cultural leaders at a two-week wilderness expedition.[6] Mather's intention was to convince people in power to preserve nature by giving them an enjoyable experience through Tie Sing's cooking, telling park supervisors that while nature was a “splendid thing” when experienced by a content person, “give him a poor breakfast after he has had a bad night's sleep, and he will not care how fine your scenery is”.[5] Mather's plan worked, and the National Park Service was established a year after in 1916.
Tie Sing died in a 1918 “field accident,” which possibly involved a cooking-gas explosion.[4]
Legacy
[edit]Tie Sing's contributions remained relatively unknown until 2011, when park ranger Yenyen Chan co-produced a YouTube documentary highlighting the history of Chinese Americans in Yosemite.[2][3] This prompted Jack Shu to propose an annual pilgrimage to Sing Peak in honor of Tie Sing's legacy, as well as the contributions of Chinese Americans to Yosemite as a whole.[2][4]
See also
[edit]- Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States
- Asian Americans in California
- Coolie
- History of Chinese Americans
- John Muir
References
[edit]- ^ "Forgotten Footsteps: The Role of Chinese in Yosemite's History (U.S. National Park Service)".
- ^ a b c "How a Chinese cook helped establish Yosemite and the National Park Service". NBC News. 22 July 2018. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
- ^ a b A Glimpse Into Yosemite's Chinese History, retrieved 2022-06-07
- ^ a b c "Beyond Gold Mountain: Yosemite's Chinese American History". Sierra Club. 2018-02-26. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
- ^ a b "Following the Spirit of Tie Sing in Yosemite". National Parks Conservation Association. Retrieved 2022-06-07.
- ^ Ichikawa, Nina F. (2021-09-15). "Looking for a Gold-Rush Town Named Chinese Camp". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
Further reading
[edit]Pimentel, Annette Bay (2016). Mountain chef : how one man lost his groceries, changed his plans, and helped cook up the National Park Service. Rich Lo. Watertown, MA. ISBN 978-1-58089-711-2. OCLC 929048721.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)