Timeline of Harare
Appearance
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Harare, Zimbabwe.
Prior to 20th century
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Ancient history
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White settlement pre-1923
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This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2013) |
- 1890 – Fort Salisbury founded in Mashonaland by British South Africa Company.[1]
- 1891 – Mashonaland Herald and Zambesian Times begins publication.[2]
- 1896 – Salisbury Polo Club formed.
- 1897
- Harare Township built.[1]
- Salisbury attains municipal status.[1]
- 1899 – Beira-Salisbury railway begins operating.[1][3]
20th century
- 1902
- 1915 – Meikles Hotel in business.
- 1923 – Town becomes capital of British Southern Rhodesia.[5]
- 1927 – Salisbury Technical School established.[1]
- 1933 – Town House built.[6]
- 1936 – Library of the National Archives founded.[7]
- 1945 – Railway strike.[8]
- 1946 – Reformed Industrial and Commercial Workers Union established.[9]
- 1948
- 1950 – Gwebe College of Agriculture established.[1]
- 1951 – Stock exchange established.
- 1953
- City becomes capital of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
- Helping Hand Club (women's group) formed.[10]
- 1955 – University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland and Salisbury City Youth League[11] established.
- 1956
- Salisbury Airport commissioned.
- Bus boycott.[12]
- 1957 – Rhodes National Gallery opens.[13][14]
- 1959 – Pearl Assurance House built.
- 1960 – Central Film Laboratories in business.[15]
- 1962
- 1964 – Greenwood Park established.[6]
- 1969 – The Financial Gazette begins publication.
- 1970 – Chapungu Sculpture Park founded.[6]
- 1972
- Zimbabwe National Library and Documentation Service headquartered in city.[7]
- Construction of New Mabvuku begins.[citation needed]
- 1975 – Mabvuku High School opens in Mabvuku.
- 1977 – 6 August: Bombing.
- 1978 – Oil storage tanks set on fire by the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army.[17]
1980s–1990s
- 1980 – City becomes part of independent Republic of Zimbabwe.
- 1981
- December: Bombing of ZANU-PF headquarters.[18]
- National Heroes Acre (Zimbabwe) monument built near city.[19]
- 1982 – City renamed "Harare."[20]
- 1984 - Harare Publishing House established.[21]
- 1985 – Karigamombe Centre built.
- 1986 – September: City hosts Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement.
- 1990 - Sister city relationship established with Cincinnati, USA.[22]
- 1991 – October: City hosts Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1991; Harare Declaration issued.
- 1995 – September: City hosts 1995 All-Africa Games.
- 1996
- 1997 – New Reserve Bank tower built.
- 1998
- Economic protest.[26]
- Zimbabwe International Film Festival begins.
- December: City hosts meeting of World Council of Churches.
- 1999
- Daily News begins publication.
- Zimbabwe Catholic University established.[citation needed]
- Harare International Festival of the Arts begins.
- Media Monitoring Project headquartered in city.[27]
21st century
2000s
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2013) |
- 2000 – Millennium Towers built.
- 2001 – Harare Tribune begins publication.
- 2002 – Elias Mudzuri becomes mayor.[28][29]
- 2003
- Water shortage.[30]
- Sekesai Makwavarara becomes acting mayor.[31]
- 2004 – Harare International Airport terminal built (approximate date).
- 2005 – Operation Murambatsvina.[29]
- 2008
- Emmanuel Chiroto elected mayor, succeeded by Muchadeyi Masunda.[32]
- Harare Residents Trust organised.[33]
- Cholera outbreak.
- 2009
- First Floor Gallery Harare in business.
- Population: 1,513,173.[34]
2010s
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2013) |
- 2010
- 2013 - Bernard Gabriel Manyenyeni becomes mayor.[37]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Alois Mlambo (2003). "Harare". In Dickson Eyoh and Paul Tiyambe Zeleza (ed.). Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
- ^ "Harare (Zimbabwe) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
- ^ "Rhodesia", Encyclopedia Americana, NY: Encyclopedia Americana Corp., 1919
{{citation}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Robert Wedgeworth, ed. (1993), "Zimbabwe", World encyclopedia of library and information services, USA: American Library Association, ISBN 0838906095
- ^ Oyekan Owomoyela (2002). "Introduction: Cities: Harare". Culture and Customs of Zimbabwe. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31583-1.
{{cite book}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ a b c "Sight Seeing in Harare". City of Harare. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
- ^ a b World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011, ISBN 9783110230710
- ^ Kenneth P. Vickery (1998). "The Rhodesia Railways African Strike of 1945, Part I: A Narrative Account". Journal of Southern African Studies. 24. JSTOR 2637660.
- ^ a b Terence Ranger (1985), Peasant consciousness and guerilla war in Zimbabwe, London: Currey, ISBN 0852550006
- ^ Michael Oliver West (2002). The Rise of an African Middle Class: Colonial Zimbabwe, 1898 – 1965. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253215242.
- ^ Timothy Scarnecchia (2008), The urban roots of democracy and political violence in Zimbabwe, University of Rochester Press, ISBN 9781580462815
- ^ Timothy Scarnecchia (1996). "Poor Women and Nationalist Politics: Alliances and Fissures in the Formation of a Nationalist Political Movement in Salisbury, Rhodesia, 1950-6". Journal of African History. 37. JSTOR 183187.
- ^ "History". National Gallery of Zimbabwe. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
- ^ a b "Southern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ Katrina Daly Thompson (2013), Zimbabwe's cinematic arts, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ISBN 9780253006462
- ^ About Us, Harare City Library, retrieved 30 September 2014
- ^ Brian Raftopoulos and Alois Mlambo, ed. (2009), Becoming Zimbabwe, Harare: Weaver Press, ISBN 9781779220837
- ^ Andrew Norman (2004), Robert Mugabe and the betrayal of Zimbabwe, Jefferson, N.C: McFarland Publishers, ISBN 0786416866
- ^ Historical Buildings, City of Harare, archived from the original on August 2015
{{citation}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Zimbabwe's capital to be renamed Harare". New York Times. 19 April 1982.
- ^ "Zimbabwe: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 1857431839.
{{cite book}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Cincinnati USA Sister City Association". USA. Archived from the original on 19 May 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Movie Theaters in Harare, Zimbabwe". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
- ^ ArchNet. "Harare". USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Women Filmmakers of Zimbabwe". Women's Coalition of Zimbabwe. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
- ^ Alois S. Mlambo (2014). "Timeline". A History of Zimbabwe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02170-9.
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"Organizational Profile". Harare: Media Monitoring Project. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012.
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Demise of Herare". Financial Gazette. 13 February 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
- ^ a b Jon Lee Anderson (27 October 2008). "Letter from Zimbabwe". New Yorker. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
- ^ Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (2005). "Harare, Zimbabwe". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
{{cite book}}
: External link in
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suggested) (help) - ^ Amin Y. Kamete (2006). "The Return of the Jettisoned: ZANU-PF's Crack at 'Re-Urbanising' in Harare". Journal of Southern African Studies. 32. JSTOR 25065091.
- ^ "His Worship the Mayor". City of Harare. Archived from the original on May 2013.
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Profiles: Harare Residents' Trust Board Of Trustees". The Zimbabwean. UK. 29 August 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
- ^ "Zimbabwe Newspapers and News on the Internet". Africa South of the Sahara. USA: Stanford University. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
- ^ "Zimbabwe Fashion Week getting better", The Standard, 8 September 2013
- ^ "Mayor". City of Harare. Archived from the original on August 2015.
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Further reading
- Published in the 20th century
- Terri Barnes; Everjoyce Win (1992), To live a better life: an oral history of women in the city of Harare, 1930–70, Harare, Zimbabwe: Baobab Books, ISBN 0908311354
- Carole Rakodi (1995), Harare: Inheriting a Settler-Colonial City; Change or Continuity?, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 9780471949510
- Nelson T. Samburenia (1996). "The emergence of independent African trade unions in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, 1920s to 1950s: Toward mass nationalism?". Kleio. 28.
- Kinuthia Macharia (1997). Social and political dynamics of the informal economy in African cities: Nairobi and Harare. University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-0840-4.
- Teresa A. Barnes (1999), 'We Women Worked so Hard': Gender, Urbanization and Social Reproduction in Colonial Harare, Zimbabwe, 1930–1956, Heinemann, ISBN 9780325001739
- Patrick Bond (1999). "Capital in the city: a history of urban financialflows through colonial Harare". In Brian Raftopoulos and Tsuneo Yoshikuni (ed.). Sites of Struggle. Weaver Press Ltd. ISBN 0797419845.
- Published in the 21st century
- Governing the Poor in Harare, Zimbabwe, Sweden: Nordic Africa Institute, 2002 – via International Relations and Security Network
- Stanley D. Brunn; et al., eds. (2003), "Harare", Cities of the World (3rd ed.), Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 084769898X
- Luc J. A. Mougeot, ed. (2005). "(Harare)". Agropolis: The Social, Political, and Environmental Dimensions of Urban Agriculture. International Development Research Centre. ISBN 978-1-55250-186-3.
- Innocent Chirisa (2011), "Social Capital Dynamics in the Post-colonial Harare Urbanscape", in Joseph D. Lewandowski and Gregory W. Streich (ed.), Urban social capital, Burlington, VT: Ashgate, ISBN 9781409412243
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External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harare.
- "(Articles related to Harare)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre.
- "(Items related to Harare)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library.