Timeline of operating systems
This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the History of operating systems.
1950s
- 1951
- LEO I 'Lyons Electronic Office'[1] was the commercial development of EDSAC computing platform, supported by British firm J. Lyons and Co.
- 1953
- 1955
- MIT's Tape Director operating system made for WHIRLWIND I[3][4]
- 1955
- 1956
- GM-NAA I/O for IBM 704, based on General Motors Operating System
- 1957
- Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer project start)
- BESYS (Bell Labs), for IBM 704, later IBM 7090 and IBM 7094
- 1958
- University of Michigan Executive System (UMES), for IBM 704, 709, and 7090
- 1959
- SHARE Operating System (SOS), based on GM-NAA I/O
1960s
- 1960
- 1961
- 1962
- Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer commissioned)
- GCOS (GE's General Comprehensive Operating System, originally GECOS, General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor)
- 1963
- AN/FSQ-32, another early time-sharing system begun
- Titan Supervisor, early time-sharing system begun
- 1964
- KDF9 Timesharing Director (English Electric) – an early, fully hardware secured, fully pre-emptive process switching, multi-programming operating system for KDF9 (originally announced in 1960)
- Berkeley Timesharing System (for Scientific Data Systems' SDS 940)
- Dartmouth Time Sharing System (Dartmouth College's DTSS for GE computers)
- OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) (announced)
- SCOPE (CDC 3000 series)
- TOPS-10 (DEC, the name TOPS-10 wasn't adopted until 1970)
- EXEC 8 (UNIVAC)
- 1965
- THE multiprogramming system (Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven)
- Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645) (announced)
- BOS/360 (IBM's Basic Operating System)
- TOS/360 (IBM's Tape Operating System)
- TSOS (later VMOS) (RCA)
- Pick operating system
- 1966
- OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) PCP and MFT (shipped)
- DOS/360 (IBM's Disk Operating System)
- MS/8 (Richard F. Lary's DEC PDP-8 system)
- GEORGE 1 & 2 For ICT 1900 series
- 1967
- CP-40, predecessor to CP-67 on modified IBM System/360 Model 40
- CP-67 (IBM, also known as CP/CMS)
- Michigan Terminal System (MTS)[6] (time-sharing system for the IBM S/360-67 and successors)
- ITS (MIT's Incompatible Timesharing System for the DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10)
- ORVYL (Stanford University's time-sharing system for the IBM S/360)
- TSS/360 (IBM's Time-sharing System for the S/360-67, never officially released, canceled in 1969 and again in 1971)
- OS/360 MVT
- WAITS (SAIL, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, time-sharing system for DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10, later TOPS-10)
- 1968
- Airline Control Program (ACP) (IBM)
- THE multiprogramming system (Eindhoven University of Technology)
- TSS-8 (DEC for the PDP-8)
- 1969
- TENEX (Bolt, Beranek and Newman for DEC systems, later TOPS-20)
- Unics (later Unix) (AT&T, initially on DEC computers)
- RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (RC)
- Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645 and later the Honeywell 6180) (opened for paying customers in October[7])
- GEORGE 3 For ICL 1900 series
1970s
- 1970
- DOS-11 (PDP-11)
- 1971
- 1972
- Data General RDOS
- Edos
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 1 (OS/VS1)
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R1 (OS/VS2 SVS)
- Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370), sometimes known as VM/CMS
- Virtual Machine/Basic Extended Product (BSEPP)
- Virtual Machine/Extended Product (SEPP)
- MUSIC/SP
- PRIMOS (written in FORTRAN IV, that didn't have pointers, while later versions, around version 18, written in a version of PL/1, called PL/P)
- 1973
- 1974
- DOS-11 V09-20C (Last stable release, June 1974)
- Sintran III
- MONECS
- Multi-Programming Executive (MPE) – Hewlett-Packard
- Hydra[8] – capability-based, multiprocessing OS kernel
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R2 (MVS)
- 1975
- CP/M
- BS2000 V2.0 (First released version)
- Version 6 Unix
- 1976
- Cambridge CAP computer[9] – all operating system procedures written in ALGOL 68C, with some closely associated protected procedures in BCPL
- Cray Operating System
- FLEX[10]
- TOPS-20
- Tandem Nonstop OS v1
- 1977
- 1BSD
- KERNAL
- OASIS operating system
- TRSDOS
- Virtual Memory System (VMS) V1.0 (Initial commercial release, October 25)
- 1978
- 2BSD
- Apple DOS
- HDOS
- TRIPOS
- UCSD p-System (First released version)
- Lisp machine (CADR)
- KVM/370[11] – security retro-fit of IBM VM/370
- KSOS[12] – secure OS design from Ford Aerospace
- MVS/System Extensions (MVS/SE)
- 1979
1980s
- 1980
- 1981
- 1982
- Commodore DOS
- LDOS (By Logical Systems, Inc. – for the Radio Shack TRS-80 Models I, II & III)
- QNX
- Sun UNIX (later SunOS) 0.7
- Ultrix
- Stratus VOS[16]
- Unix System III
- 1983
- 1984
- Mac OS (System 1.0)
- MSX-DOS
- PC/IX
- Sinclair QDOS
- QNX
- UNICOS
- Venix 2.0
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture Migration Assistance (VM/XA MA)
- 1985
- Windows 1.0
- AmigaOS
- Atari TOS
- DG/UX
- MIPS RISC/os
- Oberon – written in Oberon
- SunOS 2.0
- Version 8 Unix
- Windows 1.01
- Xenix 2.0
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Facility (VM/XA SF)
- Graphics Environment Manager
- 1986
- 1987
- Topaz[21] – semi-distributed OS for DEC Firefly workstation written in Modula-2+ and garbage collected
- Arthur
- IRIX (3.0 is first SGI version)
- MINIX 1.0
- BS2000 V9.0
- OS/2 (1.0)
- PC-MOS/386
- Windows 2.0
- 1988
- A/UX (Apple Computer)
- RISC iX
- KeyKOS – capability-based microkernel for IBM mainframes with automated persistence of app data
- LynxOS
- CP/M rebranded as DR-DOS
- Mac OS (System 6)
- MVS/Enterprise Systems Architecture (MVS/ESA)
- OS/2 (1.1)
- OS/400
- SpartaDOS X
- SunOS 4.0
- TOPS-10 7.04 (Last stable release, July 1988)
- HeliOS 1.0
- VAX VMM[22] – TCSEC A1-class, VMM for VAX computers (limited use before cancellation)
- Flex machine – tagged, capability machine with OS and other software written in ALGOL 68RS
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product (VM/XA SP)
- 1989
- EPOC
- NeXTSTEP (1.0)
- OS/2 (1.2)
- RISC OS (First release was to be called Arthur 2, but was renamed to RISC OS 2, and was first sold as RISC OS 2.00 in April 1989)
- SCO UNIX (Release 3)
- TSX-32
- Version 10 Unix
- Xenix 2.3.4 (Last stable release)
- ASOS[23] – TCSEC A1-class secure, real-time OS for Ada applications
1990s
- 1990
- AmigaOS 2.0
- BeOS (v1)
- Genera 8.0
- OS/2 1.3
- OSF/1
- AIX 3.0
- Windows 3.0
- LOCK[24] – TCSEC A1-class secure system with kernel & hardware support for Type enforcement
- Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VM/XA ESA)
- PC/GEOS
- 1991
- 1992
- 386BSD 0.1
- AmigaOS 3.0
- Amiga Unix 2.01 (Latest stable release)
- RSTS/E 10.1 (Last stable release, September 1992)
- SLS
- Solaris 2.0 (Successor to SunOS 4.x; based on SVR4 instead of BSD)
- OpenVMS V1.0 (First OpenVMS AXP (Alpha) specific version, November 1992)
- OS/2 2.0 (First i386 32-bit based version)
- Plan 9 First Edition (First public release was made available to universities)
- Windows 3.1
- LGX
- 1993
- FreeBSD
- NetBSD
- Newton OS
- Windows NT 3.1 (First Windows NT kernel public release)
- Open Genera 1.0
- IBM 4690 Operating System
- Novell NetWare 4
- OS/2 2.1
- Slackware 1.0
- Spring
- 1994
- 1995
- Digital UNIX (aka Tru64 UNIX)
- OpenBSD
- OS/390
- Plan 9 Second Edition (Commercial second release version was made available to the general public.)
- Ultrix 4.5 (Last major release)
- Windows 95
- 1996
- Mac OS 7.6 (First officially-named Mac OS)
- Windows NT 4.0
- Windows CE 1.0
- RISC OS 3.6
- AIX 4.2
- OS/2 4.0
- Palm OS
- Debian 1.1
- JN[27] – microkernel OS for embedded, Java apps
- 1997
- Inferno
- Mac OS 8
- Windows CE 2.0
- SkyOS
- MINIX 2.0
- RISC OS 3.7
- AIX 4.3
- DR-WebSpyder 1.0
- Nemesis[28]
- 1998
- Solaris 7 (first 64-bit Solaris release – names from this point drop "2.", otherwise would've been Solaris 2.7)
- Windows 98
- RT-11 5.7 (Last stable release, October 1998)
- Novell NetWare 5
- Junos
- DR-WebSpyder 2.0
- 1999
2000s
2010s
| Year–month | Windows | Apple | BSD | Linux | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010–01 | Android 2.1 | AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 1 | |||
| 2010–02 | Linux 2.6.33 | ||||
| 2010–03 | |||||
| 2010–04 | iPhone OS 3.2 | DragonFly BSD 2.6 | Ubuntu 10.04 (LTS) | AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 2 | |
| 2010–05 | OpenBSD 4.7 | Linux 2.6.34 Fedora 13 Android 2.2 |
|||
| 2010–06 | iOS 4 | MorphOS 2.5 OpenVMS 8.4 | |||
| 2010–07 | openSUSE 11.3 | ||||
| 2010–08 | Linux 2.6.35 | ||||
| 2010–09 | iOS 4.1 | Solaris 10 9/10 AIX 7.1 | |||
| 2010–10 | Windows Phone 7 | DragonFly BSD 2.8 | Linux 2.6.36 Fedora 14 Ubuntu 10.10 |
MorphOS 2.6 ReactOS 0.3.12 | |
| 2010–11 | iOS 4.2 | NetBSD 5.1 OpenBSD 4.8 |
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 | ||
| 2010–12 | Android 2.3 | MorphOS 2.7 | |||
| 2011–01 | Linux 2.6.37 | ||||
| 2011–02 | Windows 7 Service Pack 1 | Debian 6.0 Android 3.0 |
|||
| 2011–03 | Windows CE 7.0 | iOS 4.3 | Linux 2.6.38 openSUSE 11.4 |
ReactOS 0.3.13 | |
| 2011–04 | Windows Home Server 2011 | DragonFly BSD 2.10 | Ubuntu 11.04 Slackware 13.37 |
||
| 2011–05 | OpenBSD 4.9 | Linux 2.6.39 Fedora 15 Android 3.1 |
AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 1 (for Classic) | ||
| 2011–06 | iOS 5 | Google Chrome OS (first shipped) | 9front | ||
| 2011–07 | Mac OS X Lion (v10.7) | Linux 3.0 Android 3.2 HP webOS 3 |
AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 3 | ||
| 2011–08 | |||||
| 2011–09 | Windows Phone 7.5 | ||||
| 2011–10 | Linux 3.1 Ubuntu 11.10 Android 4.0 |
||||
| 2011–11 | OpenBSD 5.0 | Fedora 16 openSUSE 12.1 |
BS2000/OSD 9.0 Solaris 11 11/11 | ||
| 2011–12 | AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 4 | ||||
| 2012–01 | FreeBSD 9.0 | Linux 3.2 | FreeDOS 1.1 | ||
| 2012–02 | DragonFly BSD 3.0 | ReactOS 0.3.14 Minix 3.2 | |||
| 2012–03 | iOS 5.1 | Linux 3.3 Android 4.0.4 |
|||
| 2012–04 | Ubuntu 12.04 (LTS) | ||||
| 2012–05 | OpenBSD 5.1 | Linux 3.4 Fedora 17 |
DexOS | ||
| 2012–06 | MorphOS 3.0 | ||||
| 2012–07 | OS X Mountain Lion (v10.8) | Linux 3.5 Android 4.1 openSUSE 12.2 |
MorphOS 3.1 AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 5 | ||
| 2012–08 | |||||
| 2012–09 | Windows Server 2012 | iOS 6 | Linux 3.6 Slackware 14.0 QubesOS |
||
| 2012–10 | Windows 8 Windows Phone 8 |
NetBSD 6.0 OpenBSD 5.2 |
Ubuntu 12.10 | Solaris 11.1 | |
| 2012–11 | DragonFly BSD 3.2 | Android 4.2 | Haiku R1 Alpha 4 | ||
| 2012–12 | FreeBSD 9.1 | ||||
| 2013-01 | iOS 6.1 | Fedora 18 | BlackBerry 10 Solaris 10 1/13 | ||
| 2013-02 | Windows Phone 7.8 | ||||
| 2013-03 | openSUSE 12.3 | ||||
| 2013-04 | DragonFly BSD 3.4 | Linux 3.9 Ubuntu 13.04 |
|||
| 2013-05 | NetBSD 6.1 OpenBSD 5.3 |
Debian 7.0 | ReactOS 0.3.15 MorphOS 3.2 | ||
| 2013-06 | Windows CE 8.0 (2013) | Linux 3.10 | |||
| 2013-07 | Fedora 19 Android 4.3 |
||||
| 2013-08 | |||||
| 2013-09 | iOS 7 | FreeBSD 9.2 | Linux 3.11 | MorphOS 3.3 z/OS Version 2.1 | |
| 2013-10 | Windows 8.1 Windows Server 2012 R2 |
OS X Mavericks (v10.9) | Ubuntu 13.10 | ||
| 2013-11 | DragonFly BSD 3.6 OpenBSD 5.4 |
Fedora 19 Slackware 14.1 openSUSE 13.1 Android 4.4 Linux 3.12 |
|||
| 2013-12 | Fedora 20 | MorphOS 3.4 Muen[48] separation kernel | |||
| 2014-01 | FreeBSD 10.0 | Linux 3.13 | |||
| 2014-02 | ReactOS 0.3.16 MorphOS 3.5 | ||||
| 2014-03 | iOS 7.1 | Linux 3.14 | |||
| 2014-04 | Windows Phone 8.1 | Ubuntu 14.04 (LTS) | Solaris 11.2 | ||
| 2014-05 | OpenBSD 5.5 | ||||
| 2014-06 | DragonFly BSD 3.8 | Linux 3.15 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
MorphOS 3.6 | ||
| 2014-07 | |||||
| 2014-08 | Linux 3.16 | MorphOS 3.7 | |||
| 2014-09 | iOS 8 | Minix 3.3 | |||
| 2014-10 | OS X Yosemite (v10.10) iOS 8.1 |
Ubuntu 14.10 Linux 3.17 |
|||
| 2014-11 | OpenBSD 5.6 FreeBSD 10.1 DragonFly BSD 4.0 |
openSUSE 13.2 Android 5.0 |
ReactOS 0.3.17 | ||
| 2014-12 | Linux 3.18 | ||||
| 2015-01 | |||||
| 2015-02 | Linux 3.19 | ||||
| 2015-03 | iOS 8.2 | ||||
| 2015-04 | iOS 8.3 watchOS 1 |
Linux 4.0 Debian 8.0 Ubuntu 15.04 |
Redox OS | ||
| 2015-05 | |||||
| 2015-06 | iOS 8.4 | Linux 4.1 | MorphOS 3.9 | ||
| 2015-07 | Windows 10 (1507) | ||||
| 2015-08 | FreeBSD 10.2 | Linux 4.2 | |||
| 2015-09 | OS X El Capitan (v10.11) iOS 9 watchOS 2 |
z/OS Version 2.2 [49] | |||
| 2015-10 | iOS 9.1 tvOS9 |
Android 6.0 Ubuntu 15.10 |
AIX 7.2 [50] Solaris 11.3 [51] | ||
| 2015-11 | Windows 10 November Update (1511) Windows 10 Mobile (1511) |
tvOS9.1 | Linux 4.3 openSUSE Leap 42.1 |
||
| 2015-12 | iOS 9.2 watchOS 2.1 tvOS9.2 |
||||
| 2016-01 | Linux 4.4 | Minix 3.4 | |||
| 2016-02 | ReactOS 0.4 | ||||
| 2016-03 | iOS 9.3 watchOS 2.2 tvOS9.3 |
OpenBSD 5.9 FreeBSD 10.3 |
Linux 4.5 | ||
| 2016-04 | Ubuntu 16.04 | ReactOS 0.4.1 | |||
| 2016-05 | Linux 4.6 | ||||
| 2016-06 | Slackware 14.2 Fedora 24 Linux Mint 18 |
||||
| 2016-07 | Linux 4.7 | ||||
| 2016-08 | Windows 10 Anniversary Update (1607) Windows 10 Mobile Anniversary Update (1607) |
DragonFly BSD 4.6 | Android 7.0 |
ReactOS 0.4.2 | |
| 2016-09 | Windows Server 2016 (1607) | macOS Sierra (v10.12) iOS 10 watchOS 3 tvOS10 |
OpenBSD 6.0 | Linux 4.8 | |
| 2016-10 | iOS 10.1 watchOS 3.1 |
NetBSD 7.0.2 FreeBSD 11 |
Android 7.1 Ubuntu 16.10 |
||
| 2016-11 | Oracle Linux 7.3 Fedora 25 openSUSE Leap 42.2 |
ReactOS 0.4.3 | |||
| 2016-12 | iOS 10.2 tvOS10.1 |
Linux 4.9 Linux Mint 18.1 |
FreeDOS 1.2 | ||
| 2017-01 | |||||
| 2017-02 | Linux 4.10 | ReactOS 0.4.4 | |||
| 2017-03 | iOS 10.3 watchOS 3.2 tvOS10.2 |
DragonFly BSD 4.8 NetBSD 7.1 |
|||
| 2017-04 | Windows 10 Creators Update (1703) Windows 10 Mobile Creators Update (1703) |
OpenBSD 6.1 | Linux 4.11 Ubuntu 17.04 |
||
| 2017-05 | ReactOS 0.4.5 | ||||
| 2017-06 | |||||
| 2017-07 | Linux 4.12 openSUSE Leap 42.3 |
||||
| 2017-08 | Android 8.0 | ||||
| 2017-09 | macOS High Sierra (v10.13) iOS 11 watchOS 4 tvOS11 |
Linux 4.13 | |||
| 2017-10 | Windows 10 Fall Creators Update (1709) Windows 10 Mobile Fall Creators Update (1709) Windows Server 2016 Fall Creators Update (1709) |
iOS 11.1 watchOS 4.1 tvOS11.1 |
OpenBSD 6.2
DragonFly BSD 5.0 |
Ubuntu 17.10 | |
| 2017-11 | Linux 4.14 | ||||
| 2017-12 | iOS 11.2 watchOS 4.2 tvOS11.2 |
Android 8.1 | |||
| 2018-01 | Linux 4.15 | ||||
| 2018-02 | |||||
| 2018-03 | iOS 11.3 watchOS 4.3 tvOS11.3 |
Genode Sculpt EA | |||
| 2018-04 | Windows 10 April 2018 Update (1803) | OpenBSD 6.3
DragonFly BSD 5.2 |
Linux 4.16 Ubuntu 18.04 |
||
| 2018-05 | iOS 11.4 tvOS11.4 |
||||
| 2018-06 | Linux 4.17 | Genode Sculpt TC | |||
| 2018-07 | |||||
| 2018-08 | Linux 4.18 Android 9.0 |
||||
| 2018-09 | macOS Mojave (v10.14) iOS 12 watchOS 5 tvOS12 |
Genode Sculpt VC[52] | |||
| 2018-10 | Windows 10 October 2018 Update (1809) Windows Server 2019 (1809) |
See also
- Comparison of operating systems
- List of operating systems
- Comparison of real-time operating systems
- Timeline of DOS operating systems
- Timeline of Linux distributions (Diagram 1992–2010)
Category links
References
- ^ Not Panicking Ltd (January 7, 2012). "h2g2 - Early Electronic Computers - Edited Entry". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ^ Robert D. Elbourn; Richard P. Witt, "Dynamic Circuit Techniques Used in SEAC and DYSEAC", Proceedings of the IRE, Year: 1953, Volume: 41, Issue: 10, pp. 1380 - 1387
- ^ "LCS/AI Lab Timeline". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ^ Douglas Ross. 1986. A personal view of the personal work station: some firsts in the Fifties. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on The history of personal workstations (HPW '86), John R White and Kathi Anderson (Eds.). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 19–48. DOI=10.1145/12178.12180 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/12178.12180
- ^ "Early Operating Systems". Archived from the original on April 10, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Michigan Terminal System: Time Line". Clock.org. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
- ^ "Multics History". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ^ https://www.cs.virginia.edu/people/faculty/pdfs/p337-wulf.pdf
- ^ http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/72418/cap.pdf
- ^ Ian P. Blythe. "FLEX User Group - History". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ^ http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/projects/poirot3/Oakland/sp/PAPERS/00044538.PDF
- ^ http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/history/ford78.pdf
- ^ http://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/afips/1979/5087/00/50870355.pdf
- ^ [1] Archived August 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Apollo/DOMAIN Computers". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ^ ftp://ftp.stratus.com/vos/doc/reference/machine_history.txt
- ^ http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a229523.pdf
- ^ http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~cs739-1/papers/locus.pdf
- ^ http://www.aesec.com/eval/NCSC-FER-94-008.pdf
- ^ Vinter, S. T. and Schantz, R. E. 1986. The Cronus distributed operating system. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Making Distributed Systems Work (Amsterdam, Netherlands, September 8–10, 1986). EW 2. ACM, New York, NY, 1-3.
- ^ ftp://ftp.hpl.external.hp.com/pub/dec/SRC/research-reports/SRC-023.pdf
- ^ http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~ccpalmer/classes/cs55/Content/resources/vax_vmm.pdf
- ^ http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/projects/poirot3/Oakland/sp/PAPERS/00044288.PDF
- ^ http://www.cyberdefenseagency.com/publications/LOCK-An_Historical_Perspective.pdf
- ^ "A Brief History of RISC OS", Wakefield RISC OS Computer Club, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ "EPL Entry CSC-EPL-92/001". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 24, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ various 1997 publications listed on the Nemesis website, retrieved 2013-08-13
- ^ "Inferno Downloads", Vita Nuova Holdings, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ "Microsoft Releases Windows 2000 to Manufacturing", Microsoft News Center, December 15, 1999, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ "Plan 9 from Bell Labs Overview", Bell Labs, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ Balaban, Alexandre (2000), Test de MorphOS 0.1 (in French), retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ "Microsoft Announces Immediate Availability Of Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me)", Microsoft News Center, September 14, 2000, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ "AmigaOS 3.9 release", Amiga History (UK), December 4, 2000, retrieved July 22, 2012
- ^ Schmidt, Ralph (February 15, 2001), New MorphOS 0.4 Release, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ Project History, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ "Windows XP to Take the PC to New Heights", Microsoft News Center, August 24, 2001, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ "Microsoft Unveils Plans for 64-Bit Windows Platform".
- ^ http://www.jbox.dk/sanos/
- ^ "Plan 9 From Bell Labs Fourth Release Notes", Bell Labs, April 2002, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ "What is the history of Syllable?", Frequently Asked Questions, archived from the original on January 7, 2011, retrieved November 19, 2011
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Jaguar "Unleashed" at 10:20 p.m. Tonight", Apple Inc., August 23, 2002, archived from the original on October 8, 2003, retrieved November 19, 2011
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ http://2010.rmll.info/IMG/pdf/LSM2010-OS-JNode-2.pdf
- ^ "Windows XP 64-bit Edition for Itanium systems, Version 2003 Press release", Microsoft News Center, March 28, 2003, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ Kernel.org archive, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ News digest August 2006, August 2006, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ^ "Release notes for the Genode OS Framework 8.11".
- ^ https://muen.codelabs.ch/
- ^ "IBM z/OS Version 2 Release 2 Announcement Letter". July 28, 2015. Retrieved August 23, 2015.
- ^ http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?infotype=AN&subtype=CA&htmlfid=897/ENUS215-393&appname=USN
- ^ https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E53394_01/html/E54847/index.html
- ^ "Sculpt with Visual Composition".
External links
- http://www.levenez.com/unix/ – a timeline of UNIX 1969 and its descendants at present
- Concise Microsoft O.S. Timeline – a color-coded concise timeline for various Microsoft operating systems (1981–present)
- Bitsavers – an effort to capture, salvage, and archive historical computer software and manuals from minicomputers and mainframes of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s
- A brief history of operating systems
- Microsoft operating system time-line