Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt is also known as the Bubastite Dynasty, since the pharaohs originally ruled from the city of Bubastis. It was founded by Shoshenq I.

The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group designation of the Third Intermediate Period.

22nd Dynasty rulers

The pharaohs of the Twenty-Second Dynasty of Egypt were a series of Meshwesh ancient Libyans who ruled from c. 943 BCE until 720 BCE. They had settled in Egypt since the Twentieth Dynasty. Manetho states that the Berber dynasty originated at Bubastis, but they almost certainly ruled from Tanis, which was their capital and the city where their tombs have been excavated.

Another pharaoh who belongs to this group is Tutkheperre Shoshenq, whose precise position within this dynasty is currently uncertain although he is now thought to have ruled Egypt early in the 9th century BCE for a short time between Osorkon I and Takelot I. The next ruler at Tanis after Shoshenq V was Osorkon IV but this pharaoh is sometimes not believed to be a member of the 22nd Dynasty since he only controlled a small portion of Lower Egypt together with Tefnakhte of Sais—whose authority was recognised at Memphis—and Iuput II of Leontopolis.

Pharaohs

The known rulers during the Twenty-Second Dynasty include:

Twenty-Second Dynasty pharaohs

Pharaoh	Throne name	Reign (BCE)	Consort(s)	Comments
Shoshenq I	Hedjkheperre-Setepenre	943–922 BC	Patareshnes Karomama A	possibly to be identified with the biblical Shishaq
Osorkon I	Sekhemkheperre-Setepenre	922–887 BC	Maatkare B Tashedkhonsu Shepensopdet A
Shoshenq II	Heqakheperre-Setepenre	887–885 BC	Nesitanebetashru Nesitaudjatakhet	enjoyed an independent reign of 2 Years at Tanis according to Von Beckerath
Takelot I	Hedjkheperre-Setepenre	885–872 BC	Kapes
Osorkon II	Usermaatre-Setepenamun	872–837 BC	Isetemkheb G Karomama B Djedmutesankh	an ally of Israel who fought Shalmaneser III of Assyria at the battle of Qarqar in 853 BC.
Shoshenq III	Usermaatre-Setepenre	837–798 BC	Tadibast II Tentamenopet Djedbastiusankh
Shoshenq (IV)"quartus"	Hedjkheperre-Setepenre	798–785 BC		not to be confused with Shoshenq VI; the original Shoshenq IV in publications before 1993
Pami	Usermaatre-Setepenamun	785–778 BC		buried two Apis bulls in his reign
Shoshenq V	Akheperre	778–740 BC	Tadibast III?
Pedubast II	Sehetepibenre	740–730 BC	Tadibast III?	Not mentioned in all Pharaoh lists, placement disputed
Osorkon IV	Usermaatre	730–716 BC		Not always listed as a true member of the XXII Dynasty, but succeeded Shoshenq V at Tanis. The biblical Pharaoh So.

Twenty-Third Dynasty

The so-called Twenty-Third Dynasty was an offshoot of this dynasty perhaps based in Upper Egypt, though there is much debate concerning this issue. All of its kings reigned in Middle and Upper Egypt including the Western Desert Oases.

See also

• Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt Family Tree
• Dynasties of ancient Egypt