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Type 212A submarine

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Type 212 submarine in dock at HDW/Kiel
Class overview
BuildersHowaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (HDW) - Fincantieri SpA
Operators
Preceded byType 206 submarine, Sauro class submarine
Cost371 million Euros
In service2002
In commission2005
Planned10
Building1
Completed9
Active8
General characteristics
Displacement
  • 1,450 tonnes (1,430 long tons) surfaced
  • 1,830 tonnes (1,800 long tons) submerged
Length
  • 56 m (183.7 ft)
  • 57.2 m (187.66 ft) (2nd batch)
Beam7 m (22.96 ft)
Draft6 m (19.68 ft)
Installed power1 x MTU-396 16V (2,150 kW); 1 x Siemens Permasyn electric motor Type FR6439-3900KW (2,850 kW)
Propulsion
Speed20 knots (37 km/h) submerged, 12 knots surfaced[3]
Range
  • 8,000 nm (14,800 km, or 9,196 miles) at 8 knots (15 km/h) surfaced
  • 3 weeks without snorkeling, 12 weeks overall
EnduranceSurface 14,800 km at 15 km/h, Subsurface 780 km at 15 km/h, 3,000 nm at 4 kts,
Test depthover 700 m (2,296 ft)[4]
Complement5 officers, 22 men
Sensors and
processing systems		CSU 90 (DBQS-40FTC), Sonar: ISUS90-20, Radar: Kelvin Hughes Type 1007 I-band nav.,
Electronic warfare
& decoys		EADS FL 1800U suite
Armament6 x 533 mm torpedo tubes (in 2 forward pointing groups of 3) with 13[5] DM2A4, Black Shark Torpedo, IDAS missiles and 24 external naval mines (optional)

The German Type 212 class, also Italian Todaro class,[6] is a highly advanced design of non-nuclear submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) for the German and Italian Navies. It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP) system using Siemens proton exchange membrane (PEM) compressed hydrogen fuel cells. The submarine can operate at high speed on diesel power or switch to the AIP system for silent slow cruising, staying submerged for up to three weeks without surfacing and with no exhaust heat. The system is also said to be vibration-free, extremely quiet and virtually undetectable.

Type 212 is the first fuel cell propulsion system equipped submarine series.

Development

At the beginning of the 1990s the German Navy was seeking a replacement for the Type 206 submarines. Initial study started on a Type 209 improved design, with AIP capability, called Type 212.

The final programme started in 1994 as the two navies of Germany and Italy began working together to design a new conventional submarine, respectively to operate in the shallow and confined waters of the Baltic Sea and in the deeper waters of the Mediterranean Sea. The two different requirements were mixed into a common one and, because of significant updates to the design, the designation has been changed to Type 212A since then.

In April 22, 1996 a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) gave the start to the cooperation for building 4 vessels for German Navy and 4 vessels for Italian Navy. Its main aim was the construction of identical boats and the start of a collaboration in logistic and life-cycle support for the two navies.

The German government placed an initial order of four Type 212A submarines in 1998. The German Submarine Consortium built them at the shipyards of HDW and Thyssen Nordseewerke GmbH (TNSW) of Emden. Different sections of the submarines were constructed at both sites at the same time and then half of them were shipped to the respective other yard so that both HDW and Thyssen Nordseewerke assembled two complete submarines each.

In the same year the Italian government placed an order of two U212A submarines built by Fincantieri for the Italian Navy (Marina Militare) at Muggiano shipyard, designated as the Todaro class.[6]

The German Navy ordered two additional, improved submarines in 2006, to be delivered from 2012 on. They will be 1.2 meters longer to give additional space for a new reconnaissance mast.

On 21 April 2008 the Italian Navy ordered the optional second batch of submarine, in the same configuration of the original ones. Some upgrading should involve materials and components of commercial derivation, as well as the software package of the CMS. The intention is to keep the same configuration of the first series and reduce maintenance costs.

The export-oriented Type 214 submarine succeeds the Type 209 submarine and shares certain features with the Type 212A, such as the AIP fuel cell propulsion.

Poland announced in December 2013 they will not buy, but only lease, two U212-A's, on account of not meeting "requirements of tactical and technical equipment developed by the military, including in particular the propulsion system, missile weapons and rescue system".[7]

Italian Navy, as said December 22, 2015 by Admiral de Giorgi, Navy Commander in Chief, planned to build another batch (the third) of two U212A.

Design

Partly owing to the "X" arrangement of the stern planes, the Type 212 is capable of operating in as little as 17 metres of water, allowing it to come much closer to shore than most contemporary submarines. This gives it an advantage in covert operations, as SCUBA-equipped commandos operating from the boat can surface close to the beach and execute their mission more quickly and with less effort.

A notable design feature is the prismatic hull cross-section and smoothly faired transitions from the hull to the sail, improving the boat's stealth characteristics. The ship and internal fixtures are constructed of nonmagnetic materials, significantly reducing the chances of it being detected by magnetometers or setting off magnetic naval mines.

AIP

U32

Although hydrogen–oxygen propulsion had been considered for submarines as early as World War I, the concept was not very successful until recently due to fire and explosion concerns. In the Type 212 this has been countered by storing the fuel and oxidizer in tanks outside the crew space, between the pressure hull and outer light hull. The gases are piped through the pressure hull to the fuel cells as needed to generate electricity, but at any given time there is only a very small amount of gas present in the crew space.

Weapons

U31 of the German Navy in Kiel harbor
U33 in Tallinn harbor, Estonia

Currently, the Type 212A is capable of launching the fiber optic-guided[8] DM2A4 Seehecht ("Seahake") heavyweight torpedoes, the WASS A184 Mod.3 torpedoes, the WASS BlackShark torpedoes and short-range missiles from its six torpedo tubes, which use a water ram expulsion system. Future capability may include tube-launched cruise missiles.

The short-range missile IDAS (based on the IRIS-T missile), primarily intended for use against air threats as well as small or medium-sized sea- or near land targets, is currently being developed by Diehl BGT Defence to be fired from Type 212's torpedo tubes. IDAS is fiber-optic guided and has a range of approx. 20 km. Four missiles fit in one torpedo tube, stored in a magazine.[9] First deliveries of IDAS for the German Navy are scheduled from 2014 on.[10]

A 30 mm auto-cannon called Muräne (moray) to support diver operations or to give warning shots is being considered, too. The cannon, probably a version of the RMK30 built by Rheinmetall, will be stored in a retractable mast and can be fired without the boat emerging. The mast will also be designed to contain three Aladin UAVs for reconnaissance missions. This mast is likely to be mounted on the 2nd batch of Type 212 submarines for the German Navy.

Operations

In April 2006, German Navy U-32 sailed from the Baltic to Rota, Spain in a journey lasting two weeks, covering 1,500 nautical miles (2,800 km; 1,700 mi) without surfacing or snorkelling.[11]
Italian Navy's S526 Todaro was deployed, for over six months in 2008, to U.S.A. for CONUS 2008 exercise with United States Navy.
Italian Navy's S527 Scirè was deployed, for over five months in 2009, to U.S.A. for CONUS 2009 exercise with United States Navy.
Italian Navy's S526 Todaro, between September 1, 2012 and February 13, 2013, for the first time was deployed to Aden Gulf, Arabic Sea, Oman Gulf and Indian Ocean.
In 2013, while on the way to participate in naval exercises in United States waters, German Navy U-32 established a new record for non-nuclear submarines with 18 days in submerged transit without snorkelling.[12]

List of boats

Scirè arrives on a port visit at New London, Connecticut, on 27 August 2009
Pennant
number 		Name Laid
down 		Launched Commissioned
 Deutsche Marine
S181 U-31 1 July 1998 20 March 2002 19 October 2005
S182 U-32 11 July 2000 4 December 2003 19 October 2005
S183 U-33 30 April 2001 September 2004 13 June 2006
S184 U-34 December 2001 July 2006 3 May 2007
S185 U-35 21 August 2007 15 November 2011 23 March 2015
S186 U-36 6 February 2013 planned for 2016
 Italian Navy
S526 Salvatore Todaro 3 July 1999 6 November 2003 29 March 2006
S527 Scirè 27 May 2000 18 December 2004 19 February 2007
S528 Pietro Venuti 9 December 2009 9 October 2014 planned for August 2016
S529 Romeo Romei 2012 4 July 2015 planned for late 2016
planned
planned

General characteristics

In dock at HDW/Kiel
Todaro in dock at Fincantieri, Muggiano.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "MTU 16V 396 diesel engine". Retrieved 8 October 2006.
  2. ^ Holger Naaf: Die Brennstoffzelle auf U 212 A (PDF, German). Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau, Wehrtechnische Dienststelle für Schiffe und Marinewaffen Eckernförde, 23. September 2008.
  3. ^ a b "Uboote Klasse 212A". Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  4. ^ a b "Deutsche Marine TV-Interview" (in German). Retrieved 17 April 2007.
  5. ^ a b "Dette er ubåtsjefens våte drøm - nyheter". Dagbladet.no. 18 November 2010. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  6. ^ a b "Classe Todaro page at Marina Militare website". Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  7. ^ http://www.thelocal.de/20131129/poland-gives-german-subs-thumbs-down
  8. ^ DM2 A-4 Uses a fibre-optic-wire
  9. ^ "Diehl BGT IDAS missile". Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
  10. ^ Erprobung des Lenkflugkörpers IDAS, german
  11. ^ Thomas, Doug (2008). "Submarine Developments: Air-Independent Propulsion" (PDF). Canadian Naval Review. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  12. ^ http://www.thyssenkrupp.com/en/presse/art_detail.html&eid=TKBase_1368607004184_270131775
  13. ^ 24 Torpedoes ATLAS DM2A4
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