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1918 United States House of Representatives elections

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United States House of Representatives elections, 1918
← 1916 November 5, 1918[Note 1] 1920 →
All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives
218 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Frederick Gillett Champ Clark
Party Republican Democratic
Leader's seat Massachusetts-2nd Missouri-9th
Last election 216 seats 214 seats
Seats won 240 192
Seat change Increase 25 Decrease 22
  Third party Fourth party
 
Leader William Carss Charles H. Randall
Party Farmer–Labor Prohibition
Leader's seat Minnesota-8th California-9th
Last election 0 seats 1 seat
Seats won 1 1
Seat change Increase 1 Steady
Speaker before election

Champ Clark
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Frederick Gillett
Republican

The 1918 United States House of Representatives elections were held November 5, 1918, which occurred in the middle of President Woodrow Wilson's second term.

With the country now in World War I (contrary to previous promises by Wilson), and Wilson's personal popularity ebbing, the Republican Party was able to gain 25 seats and take over control of the House from Wilson's Democratic Party. Internal divide among Democratic leadership over aspects related to payment of the war also decreased the unity of the party, which had been the organization's strength during the decade. The Progressive Party also disappeared, with its former members generally becoming Democrats. Minnesota's Farmer-Labor Party, a descendant of populism, also gained its very first seat.

Frederick H. Gillett (R-Massachusetts) became Speaker, and previous speaker Champ Clark (D-Missouri) became Minority Leader.

Overall results

Party Total
seats 		Change Seat
percentage
Republican Party 240 Increase25 55.2%
Democratic Party 192 Decrease22 44.2%
Farmer-Labor Party 1 Increase1 0.2%
Prohibition Party 1 Steady 0.2%
Totals 4351 Steady 100.0%

1 One vacancy, Victor L. Berger, a member of the Socialist Party of America, whom the House refused to seat.

Election summaries

↓
240 1 1 1 192
Republican Pn FL S Democratic
House seats
Republican
 
 55.17%
Democratic
 
 44.14%
Farmer-Labor
 
 0.23%
Prohibition
 
 0.23%
Socialist
 
 0.23%
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80.1-100% Democratic
  80.1-100% Republican
  60.1-80% Democratic
  60.1-80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Farmer-Labor
  1-2 Republican gain
  1-2 Socialist
  no net change

Complete list of races

Alabama

District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Alabama 1 Oscar Lee Gray Democratic 1914 Retired
Democratic hold 		John McDuffie (D) Unopposed
Alabama 2 S. Hubert Dent, Jr. Democratic 1908 Re-elected S. Hubert Dent, Jr. (D) Unopposed
Alabama 3 Henry B. Steagall Democratic 1914 Re-elected Henry B. Steagall (D) Unopposed
Alabama 4 Fred L. Blackmon Democratic 1910 Re-elected Fred L. Blackmon (D) 66.15%
J. A. Bingham (R) 33.85%
Alabama 5 J. Thomas Heflin Democratic 1904 Re-elected J. Thomas Heflin (D) Unopposed
Alabama 6 William B. Oliver Democratic 1914 Re-elected William B. Oliver (D) Unopposed
Alabama 7 John L. Burnett Democratic 1898 Re-elected John L. Burnett (D) 56.23%
Oliver D. Street (R) 43.78%
Alabama 8 Edward B. Almon Democratic 1914 Re-elected Edward B. Almon (D) Unopposed
Alabama 9 George Huddleston Democratic 1914 Re-elected George Huddleston (D) 85.78%
Joseph O. Thompson (R) 14.22
Alabama 10 William B. Bankhead Democratic 1916 Re-elected William B. Bankhead (D) Unopposed

Arizona

District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Arizona At-Large Carl Hayden Democratic 1911 Re-elected Carl Hayden (D) 60.40%
Thomas Maddock (R) 37.90%
Peter T. Robertson (S) 1.70%

Arkansas

District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Arkansas 1 Thaddeus H. Caraway Democratic 1912 Re-elected Thaddeus H. Caraway (D) Unopposed
Arkansas 2 William A. Oldfield Democratic 1908 Re-elected William A. Oldfield (D) Unopposed
Arkansas 3 John N. Tillman Democratic 1914 Re-elected John N. Tillman (D) Unopposed
Arkansas 4 Otis Wingo Democratic 1912 Re-elected Otis Wingo (D) Unopposed
Arkansas 5 Henderson M. Jacoway Democratic 1910 Re-elected Henderson M. Jacoway (D) Unopposed
Arkansas 6 Samuel M. Taylor Democratic 1913 Re-elected Samuel M. Taylor (D) Unopposed
Arkansas 7 William S. Goodwin Democratic 1910 Re-elected William S. Goodwin (D) Unopposed

California

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1918
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
California 1 Clarence F. Lea Democratic 1916 Re-elected Clarence F. Lea (D) (unopposed)
California 2 John E. Raker Democratic 1910 Re-elected John E. Raker (D) (unopposed)
California 3 Charles F. Curry Republican 1912 Re-elected Charles F. Curry (R) 91.6%
Allen K. Gifford (S) 8.4%
California 4 Julius Kahn Republican 1898 Re-elected Julius Kahn (R) 86.6%
William Short (S) 13.4%
California 5 John I. Nolan Republican 1912 Re-elected John I. Nolan (R) 87%
Thomas F. Feeley (S) 13%
California 6 John A. Elston Progressive 1912 Re-elected as Republican
Republican gain 		John A. Elston (R[Note 2]) 88.4%
Luella Twining (S) 11.6%
California 7 Denver S. Church Democratic 1912 Retired
Republican gain 		Henry E. Barbour (R) 52.1%
Henry Hawson (D) 47.9%
California 8 Everis A. Hayes Republican 1904 Lost re-election
Democratic gain 		Hugh S. Hersman (D) 53%
Everis A. Hayes (R) 47%
California 9 Charles H. Randall Prohibition 1914 Re-elected Charles H. Randall (Proh.) 53%
Montaville Flowers (R) 43.3%
Grace Silver Henry (S) 3.7%
California 10 Henry Z. Osborne Republican 1916 Re-elected Henry Z. Osborne (R) 88.2%
James H. Ryckman (S) 11.8%
California 11 William Kettner Democratic 1912 Re-elected William Kettner (D) 72.2%
N. D. Hamilton (Proh.) 27.8%

Colorado

District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Colorado 1 Benjamin Clark Hilliard Democratic 1914 Lost re-election
Republican gain 		William Newell Vaile (R) 54.19%
John L Stack (D) 31.88
Benjamin Clark Hilliard (I) 11.91%
Fred Underhill (S) 2.02%
Colorado 2 Charles Bateman Timberlake Republican 1914 Re-elected Charles Bateman Timberlake (R) 61.48%
R. E. Jones (D) 38.52%
Colorado 3 Edward Keating Democratic 1912 Lost re-election
Republican gain 		Guy Urban Hardy (R) 50.95%
Edward Keating (D) 46.71%
Edith Halcomb (S) 2.33%
Colorado 4 Edward Thomas Taylor Democratic 1908 Re-elected Edward Thomas Taylor (D) 65.72%
Straud M. Logan (R) 34.28%

Connecticut

District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Connecticut 1 Augustine Lonergan Democratic 1916 Re-elected
Connecticut 2 Richard P. Freeman Republican 1914 Re-elected
Connecticut 3 John Q. Tilson Republican 1914 Re-elected
Connecticut 4 Schuyler Merritt Republican 1917 Re-elected
Connecticut 5 James P. Glynn Republican 1914 Re-elected

Delaware

District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Delaware At-Large Albert F. Polk Democratic 1916 Lost re-election
Republican gain 		Caleb R. Layton (R) 51.40%
Albert F. Polk (D) 47.59%
William H. Crawford (S) 1.02%

Florida

District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Florida 1 Herbert J. Drane Democratic 1916 re-elected Herbert J. Drane (D) (unopposed)
Florida 2 Frank Clark Democratic 1904 re-elected Frank Clark (D) (unopposed)
Florida 3 Walter Kehoe Democratic 1916 Lost renomination
Democratic hold 		John H. Smithwick (D) (unopposed)
Florida 4 William J. Sears Democratic 1914 re-elected William J. Sears (D) (unopposed)

Idaho

This was the first election in which Idaho was divided into districts, formerly it had had a single at-large district with two seats.

District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Idaho 1 Burton L. French
Redistricted from the at-large district 		Republican 1916 Re-elected Burton L. French (R) 63.35%
L. I. Purcell (D) 36.66%
Idaho 2 Addison T. Smith
Redistricted from the at-large district 		Republican 1912 Re-elected Addison T. Smith (R) 63.16%
C. R. Jeppesen (D) 36.84%

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Maine held early elections on September 9, 1918.
  2. ^ Changed parties.

Bibliography

  • Langland, James, ed. (1920). The Chicago Daily News Almanac and Yearbook for 1920. Chicago, IL: The Chicago Daily News.
  • Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
  • Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
  • "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
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