1812–13 United States Senate elections

United States Senate elections, 1812 and 1813
12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections); 19 seats needed for a majority
Majority party before election; Democratic-Republican;	Elected Majority party ; Democratic-Republican;

The United States Senate elections of 1812 and 1813 were elections that, coinciding with President James Madison's re-election, had the Democratic-Republican Party lose two seats but still retain an overwhelming majority in the United States Senate. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 36, or 16.7%) that they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Composition after September 1812 elections in the new state of Louisiana.

DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈
Majority →									DR₁₉
DR₂₈	DR₂₇	DR₂₆	DR₂₅	DR₂₄	DR₂₃	DR₂₂	DR₂₁	DR₂₀	DR₁₉
DR₂₉	DR₃₀	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the next Congress

DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈
Majority →									DR₁₉
DR₂₈ Hold	DR₂₇ Hold	DR₂₆ Hold	DR₂₅ Hold	DR₂₄ Hold	DR₂₃ Hold	DR₂₂ Re-elected	DR₂₁ Re-elected	DR₂₀	DR₁₉
F₈ Gain	F₇ Gain*	F₆ Hold*	F₅ Re-elected	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Note:

F₆ (New Hampshire seat): Incumbent Federalist lost re-election, but successor Federalist was elected late in 1813, after this Congress began.
F₇ (Maryland seat): Incumbent Democratic-Republican lost re-election, but successor Federalist was elected late in 1813, after this Congress began.

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 12th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1812 or before March 4, 1813; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Louisiana (Class 3)	New seat			Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural Senator elected September 3, 1812 for the term ending March 4, 1813. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Allan Magruder (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Louisiana (Class 2)	New seat			Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural Senator elected September 3, 1812 for the term ending March 4, 1817. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Jean Destréhan (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
	Thomas Posey	Democratic- Republican	1812 (Appointed)	Jean Destréhan (DR) had resigned October 1, 1812 without having qualified. Interim successor appointed October 8, 1812 to continue the term ending March 4, 1817. Appointee lost election to finish the term. Successor elected February 4, 1813, to finish the term ending March 4, 1817. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ James Brown (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]

Races leading to the 13th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1813 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	Chauncey Goodrich	Federalist	1807 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) [data missing]
Georgia	Charles Tait	Democratic- Republican	1809 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Charles Tait (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Kentucky	John Pope	Democratic- Republican	1807 (Elected)	[data missing] Winner elected. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Jesse Bledsoe (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Louisiana	Allan B. Magruder	Democratic- Republican	1812 (Elected)	[data missing] Winner elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Maryland	Philip Reed	Democratic- Republican	1806 (Special) 1806 (Re-elected)	Legislature failed to elect and term began with the seat vacant. Democratic-Republican loss.	[data missing]
New Hampshire	Charles Cutts	Federalist	1810 (Special)	Legislature failed to elect and term began with the seat vacant. Federalist loss.	[data missing]
New York	John Smith	Democratic- Republican	1804 (Special) 1807 (Re-elected)	Incumbent lost re-election Winner elected February 2, 1813. Federalist gain.	√ Rufus King (Federalist) 51.5% James W. Wilkin (Democratic-Republican) 46.2% John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 2.3%^[1]
North Carolina	Jesse Franklin	Democratic- Republican	1799 (Elected, Class 2) 1804 (Lost re-election) 1806 (Elected again)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ David Stone (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Ohio	Alexander Campbell	Democratic- Republican	1809 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Pennsylvania	Andrew Gregg	Democratic- Republican	1806 (Elected)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1812. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Abner Lacock (Democratic-Republican) Daniel Montgomery, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) James Brady (Independent) 17.46% Isaac Weaver (Democratic-Republican) 4.76% Not voting 7.14%
South Carolina	John Gaillard	Democratic- Republican	1804 (Special) 1806 (Re-elected)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Vermont	Stephen R. Bradley	Democratic- Republican	1791 (Elected) 1795 (Lost re-election) 1801 (Special) 1807 (Re-elected)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Dudley Chase (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]

Special elections during the 13th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1813 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts (Class 1)	James Lloyd (F)	Federalist	1808 (Special) 1809 (Re-elected)	Resigned May 1, 1813. Winner elected May 5, 1813. Federalist hold.	√ Christopher Gore (Federalist) [data missing]
Connecticut (Class 3)	Chauncey Goodrich	Federalist	1807 (Special) 1812 (Re-elected)	Incumbent resigned May 13, 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut. Winner elected May 13, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1819. Federalist hold.	√ David Daggett (Federalist) [data missing]
Maryland (Class 3)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect to the term starting March 4, 1813. Winner elected May 21, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1819. Federalist gain.	√ Robert Henry Goldsborough (Federalist) [data missing]
Delaware (Class 2)	James A. Bayard	Federalist	1804 (Elected) 1805 (Re-elected) 1811 (Re-elected)	Resigned March 3, 1813. Winner elected May 21, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1817. Federalist hold.	√ William H. Wells (Federalist) [data missing]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect to the term starting March 4, 1813. Interim Senator appointed April 2, 1813 to continue the term ending March 4, 1819. Winner elected June 10, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1819. Federalist gain.	√ Jeremiah Mason (Federalist) [data missing]
Georgia (Class 2)	William Bulloch	Democratic- Republican	1807 (Special)	William H. Crawford (DR) resigned March 23, 1813 to become U.S. Minister to France. Interim Senator appointed April 8, 1813 to continue the term ending March 4, 1817. Winner elected November 6, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1817. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William Wyatt Bibb (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]

References

^ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 8, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2015.

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

[1] "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 8, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2015.

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