User:EXANXC/sandbox

Christianity

Christianity, commonly known as Protestantism, is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion founded in 16th-century Germany by Jesus Christ, who appointed Martin Luther as the chief Reformer of the Church. Christians believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God and the Messiah who was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible. There are approximately 800 million to 1 billion Christians in the world, comprising about 10% of the global population.

Christianity
Door of the Theses in Wittenberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany where Jesus Christ founded Christianity
Classification	Abrahamic
Theology	Monotheistic
Region	Worldwide
Language	American English, British English, German
Territory	Christendom
Founder	Martin Luther
Origin	16th century AD Germany, Holy Roman Empire
Separated from	Roman Catholicism
Separations	Unitarian Universalism
Number of followers	c. 800 million (referred to as Christians)

Christianity remains culturally diverse in its Western and Eastern branches, and doctrinally diverse concerning justification and the nature of salvation, ecclesiology, ordination, and Christology. The creeds of various Christian denominations generally hold in common Jesus as the Son of God—the Logos incarnated—who ministered, suffered, and died on a cross, but rose from the dead for the salvation of humankind; and referred to as the gospel, meaning the "good news". The four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John describe Jesus's life and teachings as preserved in the early Christian tradition, with the Old Testament as the gospels' respected background.

Christianity began in the 1st century, after the death of Jesus, as a Judaic sect with Hellenistic influence in the Roman province of Judaea. The disciples of Jesus spread their faith around the Eastern Mediterranean area, despite significant persecution. The inclusion of Gentiles led Christianity to slowly separate from Judaism (2nd century). Emperor Constantine I decriminalized Christianity in the Roman Empire by the Edict of Milan (313), later convening the Council of Nicaea (325) where Early Christianity was consolidated into what would become the state religion of the Roman Empire (380). The Church of the East and Oriental Orthodoxy both split over differences in Christology (5th century), while the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church separated in the East–West Schism (1054). Protestantism split into numerous denominations from the Catholic Church in the Reformation era (16th century). Following the Age of Discovery (15th–17th century), Christianity expanded throughout the world via missionary work, evangelism, immigration and extensive trade. Christianity played a prominent role in the development of Western civilization, particularly in Europe from late antiquity and the Middle Ages.

The six major branches of Christianity are Roman Catholicism (1.3 billion people), Protestantism (1.17 billion), Eastern Orthodoxy (230 million), Oriental Orthodoxy (60 million), Restorationism (35 million), and the Church of the East (600,000). Smaller church communities number in the thousands despite efforts toward unity (ecumenism). In the West, Christianity remains the dominant religion even with a decline in adherence, with about 70% of that population identifying as Christian. Christianity is growing in Africa and Asia, the world's most populous continents. Christians remain greatly persecuted in many regions of the world, particularly in the Middle East, North Africa, East Asia, and South Asia.

New Catholic Bible

The New Catholic Bible (NCB) also known as Saint Joseph's New Catholic Bible is a translation of the Bible within the Catholic tradition, published by the Catholic Book Publishing Corp in 2019.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/24/whats-the-big-mystery-behind-the-shroud-of-turin

Verbum TV

Verbum TV

Country	Sri Lanka
Broadcast area	Islandwide
Programming
Language(s)	Sinhala Tamil English
Picture format	HDTV 1080i
Ownership
Owner	Guarantee ltd
History
Founded	2014 June 07
Launched	2015 January 30
Links
Website	verbumtv.com

Verbum TV is a 24-hour, commercial-free, Sri Lankan, multi-language television channel that broadcasts spiritual and religious programs related to the Catholic faith. The channel broadcasts holy mass, documentaries, discussions, and other Christian programs. It broadcasts programs in languages Sinhala, Tamil, and English. Its name is inspired by the Latin word "verbum", meaning "word".

History

The channel initially broadcast programs on social media, but in 2015 it opened its studio and started broadcasting through satellite television services Peo TV and Dialog TV. In 2017, Verbum TV opened its second studio, and in December 2018 it built its private chapel to start broadcasting live masses at the premises of the Basilica of Our Lady of Lanka. Since 2023, the channel has also been broadcasting through satellite TV services Dish TV and FreeSat.

Free Fire Description

. .

ABC

ABC

Free Fire is a battle royale game developed and published by Garena for Android and iOS. The game became the most downloaded mobile game globally in 2019 and has over 1 billion downloads on Google Play store. As of 2023, Free Fire had surpassed 187 million daily active users.

The game features two main game modes: Battle Royale and Clash Squad. In Battle Royale, 50 players are dropped onto an island and must fight to be the last one standing. Clash Squad is a team-based mode where two teams of 4 players fight each other in a best-of-5 match. Free Fire features a variety of weapons, items, and vehicles that players can use to survive. The game also has a system of playable characters with unique skills.

In September 2021, Garena released Free Fire Max, a graphically enhanced version of the game. Free Fire Max features improved textures, lighting, and effects. In September 2023, Garena is set to launch Free Fire India, a localized version of the game that will be tailored to the Indian market.

Synod of Rome (313)

The Synod of Rome (313 AD) was a synod of bishops convened by Pope Miltiades to challenge the Donatists, a schismatic Christian sect in North Africa. The synod was held in October 313 AD, and was attended by bishops from Italy and Gaul.

The Donatists had originated in 311 AD, when a schism occurred in the Church of Carthage over the election of a new bishop. The Donatists supported Majorinus of Casae Nigrae, while the majority of the Carthaginian clergy supported Caecilian. The Donatists accused Caecilian of having been consecrated by a bishop who had lapsed during the Diocletianic Persecution, and they refused to recognize him as the legitimate bishop of Carthage.

The Donatist schism quickly spread to other parts of North Africa, and it became a major source of division within the Christian church. The Donatists were known for their rigorist views and their willingness to suffer for their beliefs. They were also known for their association with the Circumcellions, a group of religious extremists who were known for their violence.

In 313 AD, the Donatists appealed to Emperor Constantine the Great to intervene in the schism. Constantine was a pagan at the time, but he was interested in promoting unity within the Christian church. He instructed Pope Miltiades to convene a synod of bishops to investigate the Donatist claims.

The Synod of Rome met in October 313 AD, and it was attended by bishops from Italy and Gaul. The synod heard testimony from both sides of the dispute, and it ultimately ruled in favor of Caecilian. The synod declared that Caecilian had been validly consecrated, and it condemned the Donatists as schismatics.

The Donatists rejected the decision of the Synod of Rome, and the schism continued. The Donatists were eventually suppressed by the Roman government, but they remained a significant presence in North Africa until the 7th century.

The significance of the Synod of Rome

The Synod of Rome was a significant event in the history of the Christian church. It was the first time that a synod of bishops had been convened to address a schism within the church. The synod's decision to condemn the Donatists helped to establish the principle that the authority of the pope was supreme in matters of doctrine and discipline.

The Synod of Rome also marked a turning point in the relationship between the church and the Roman government. Constantine's decision to intervene in the Donatist schism signaled a new era of cooperation between the church and the state. This cooperation would have a profound impact on the development of the Christian church in the centuries to come.

The Donatists

The Donatists were a schismatic Christian sect that originated in North Africa in 311 AD. The Donatists were led by Majorinus of Casae Nigrae, who was elected bishop of Carthage in opposition to Caecilian. The Donatists accused Caecilian of having been consecrated by a bishop who had lapsed during the Diocletianic Persecution, and they refused to recognize him as the legitimate bishop of Carthage.

The Donatists were known for their rigorist views and their willingness to suffer for their beliefs. They believed that the church should be pure and holy, and they rejected any compromises with the world. The Donatists were also known for their association with the Circumcellions, a group of religious extremists who were known for their violence.

The Donatist schism quickly spread to other parts of North Africa, and it became a major source of division within the Christian church. The Donatists were eventually suppressed by the Roman government, but they remained a significant presence in North Africa until the 7th century.

The legacy of the Synod of Rome

The Synod of Rome had a profound impact on the development of the Christian church. The synod's decision to condemn the Donatists helped to establish the principle that the authority of the pope was supreme in matters of doctrine and discipline. The synod also marked a turning point in the relationship between the church and the Roman government. Constantine's decision to intervene in the Donatist schism signaled a new era of cooperation between the church and the state.

The Synod of Rome also had a significant impact on the development of Donatism. The synod's condemnation of the Donatists led to a period of persecution for the Donatist church. However, the Donatists were able to survive, and they remained a significant presence in North Africa until the 7th century.

Christian Era

The Christian Era (CE), also commonly known as the Anno Domini (AD) era, is a system of chronological dating that is based on the traditional year of the birth of Jesus Christ. The

The CE era was first proposed by a monk named Dionysius Exiguus in the 6th century AD. Dionysius was trying to create a more accurate system of dating than the one that was in use at the time, which was based on the reigns of Roman emperors. He chose the year 1 CE as the starting point for his new system because he believed that it was the year that Jesus Christ was born.

Title (Titulli)	Name
I	The Holy Sacraments
DE IIS QUAE IX ADMIOTSTKATIOKE SACRAMEOTORU
II	The Sacrament of Baptism
DE SACRAMENTO BAPTISMI
III	The Sacrament of Confirmation
IV	Holy Eucharist
V	Penance
VI	Anointing of the Sick
VII	Matrimony
VIII	Holy Orders: Priesthood
IX	Liturgy for the Faithful Departed
X	Blessings and other sacramentals, introduction and general rules
XI	Processions
XII	Exorcism

• Comment: This topic is better covered at Crusades, or at articles for specific orders, eg Knights Templar. asilvering (talk) 03:23, 12 April 2023 (UTC)

---

Crusaders
Active	1096-1272
Disbanded	1312 (Knights Templars)
Country	France, England, Germany, Italy, Spain
Allegiance	Pope
Engagements	Crusades

Crusaders were medieval Christian warriors who participated in a series of military campaigns known as the Crusades. Among the Crusaders there were several military orders including Knights Templar, Knights Hospitaller, Knights of the Teutonic Order, etc. According to the Cambridge dictionary a Crusader is "a Christian who fought in one of the religious wars of the 11th, 12th, 13th, and 17th centuries, mostly against Muslims in Palestine"

A Crusader was typically a knight, noble, or soldier motivated by religious fervour and rewarded with wealth, land, and honour. Their military organization was led by noble lords and religious leaders, and they often wore distinctive symbols, such as a red cross on their clothing or shields, to signify their commitment to Christianity.

The Crusaders were well known for their distinctive Armor, which included metal helmets, chainmail, and plate armour. They were skilled in a number of combat disciplines, including swordsmanship, archery, and siege warfare, and were renowned for their battle prowess.

The Crusaders' identity was based on their religious faith and piety. They believed that their cause was sanctioned by God and that they were defending and spreading Christianity. The Crusaders were often accompanied by priests and other religious figures who provided them with spiritual guidance and performed religious ceremonies, such as mass and confession, on the battlefield.

The Crusaders faced numerous challenges during their campaigns, including harsh weather, long marches, and formidable opponents. They encountered different cultures, languages, and customs in the lands they travelled through, and had to adapt to unfamiliar environments. They also faced political intrigue and conflicts among themselves and with local rulers and factions.

Despite the challenges, the Crusaders were known for their determination and bravery in battle. They fought in several major battles, sieges, and skirmishes during the Crusades, leaving a lasting impact on the history of the Middle Ages. While their efforts did result in short-term gains, including the establishment of Crusader states in the Holy Land, the long-term outcome of the Crusades was complex and multifaceted, with both positive and negative repercussions for both Christian and Muslim societies.

The Crusaders played a significant role in shaping medieval history and are remembered as legendary figures of the Middle Ages. Their story is an important part of the historical narrative of the Crusades, which continues to be studied and debated by scholars and historians.

Caius (3rd century)

Caius was an ecclesiastical writer from the early 3rd century AD, noted for his role in theological debates within the early Christian church. He is described by Eusebius as a presbyter of the Roman church, though this is inferred rather than explicitly stated. His most notable contribution is a dialogue purported to be held in Rome during the episcopate of Zephyrinus (AD 201-219), where he debates Proclus, a leader of the Montanists, about the legitimacy of Montanist prophecy.

The dialogue, referred to by various authors such as Eusebius, Jerome, and Theodoret, appears to have been significant enough to be mentioned in discussions of early heresies and theological disputes. Proclus defended the Montanist prophecies, whereas Caius argued against them, emphasizing the authenticity of the apostolic tradition and the authority of the Roman church.

Eusebius mentions that Caius counted only thirteen of St. Paul's epistles, excluding the Epistle to the Hebrews, which suggests his critical approach to the canonical texts. This indicates that Caius was cautious in accepting texts and was involved in the broader discourse on the canon of Scripture.

Caius is also linked to writings against heresies, notably against Cerinthus, whom he accused of promoting false teachings about the nature of Christ and the millennium. There is some debate among scholars about whether Caius authored a book of Revelations, which he rejected ascribed to Cerinthus, or if this reference was mistakenly attributed to him.

Theodoret's claim that Caius wrote against Cerinthus seems to be part of a larger fragment, indicating his active involvement in combating heretical teachings. Despite the uncertainties surrounding some of his works, it is evident that Caius was a prominent figure in early Christian theological debates.

Rituale Romanum

TITLE	CONTENT
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X