User:MassimoR01/Scurano

Scurano
Scurano
Hamlet / Village
	Scurano (Neviano degli Arduini) - Parish Church of Saints Ippolito and Cassiano
	Scurano
	Coordinates: 44°30′05.76″N 10°18′18.72″E / 44.5016000°N 10.3052000°E
Country	Italy
Region	Emilia-Romagna
Province	Parma
Comuni	Neviano degli Arduini
Elevation	700 m (2,300 ft)
Highest elevation	1,117 m (3,665 ft)
Lowest elevation	600 m (2,000 ft)
Population
• Total	423
Patron Saint	Hippolitus and Cassian - 13th of August

Scurano is a frazione (hamlet) of the municipality of Neviano degli Arduini, in the province of Parma.

The locality is 8,87 km away from the administrative center of the municipality.^[1]

Topography[edit]

Lake in Scurano

The vast territory of Scurano, fractioned into the locality of Mercato (main locality), Quinzo, Canale, Pozzo, Sarignana, Formiano, Case Fantini, Neda, Ariolla and Costola, and it extends from the left bank of the torrent Enza to the slopes of the mount Fuso.^[2]

Origins of the name[edit]

The place name comes from the latin word scurus, which means "shady", popularized in "close, protected place" in Langobardic times.^[2]

History[edit]

The territory of Scurano was a part of the Langobard kingdom between the V and VIII century, before it was assimilated in the Franks kingdom. Towards the end of the IX century the important Attoni family, of Langobard origins, expanded it's domain on the area , which became a part of the margrave of Tuscany.^[2]

The great marquisate shattered in 1115 after the death of the countess Matilde of Canossa, last successor of her family, and this area became a part of the feud of the powerful family Da Correggio, whose investiture upon Scurano and the near territory of Bazzano was confirmed by Visconti in 1354. After the death of Giberto II the Scurano area was reabsorbed in the territories of the dukies of Milan, who in 1402 entrusted it at Ottobuono, Jacopo and Giovanni Terzi.^[3]

In 1409^[2] Galasso Da Correggio conquered this area, but it came back into the properties of the dukies of Milan in 1475 after the death of his brother Manfredo.^[3]

In 1479 Galeazzo Maria Sforza, because of the approaching marriage between his daughter Anna Maria and Alfonso I d'Este, gave them in dowry the territories of Brescello, Scurano and Bazzano at the duke of Ferrara, Ercole I.^[4]

In 1512 started a long-lasting dispute between the Estensi family and the Papal State, who annexed Parma and Piacenza previusly occupied by French;^[5] once the Pope Giulio II, became the master of Parma, and claimed the assignment of the territories on the left side of the torrent Enza, who were owned by the Diocese of Parma. At a later time the Farnese (dukes of Parma since 1545) claimed the possession of these territories, but the dukes of Ferrara opposed vigurusly^[3] and in 1596 invested the count Ugo Pepoli of the feuds of Scurano, Bazzano and Pianzo.^[6]

In 1633 the Estensi sold their marquisate at the Gherardini, which held it up until 1805, when the Napoleonic decrees dictated the abolition of feudal rights; the territory of Scurano was annected to the Cisalpine Republic, losing every administrative autonomy; in 1809 Scurano returned to be an independent municipality toghether with Bazzano.^[2] In 1811 Napoleon enstablished in the torrent Enza the new border between Parma territories and Reggio territories, but with the Restaurazione of 1815 the area was reassigned to the duchy of Modena and Reggio.^[3]

In 1848 the territory of the left side of the torrent Enza was definitively annexed at the duchy of Parma and Piacenza, of which followed the fate since.^[2]

Monuments and places of interest[edit]

Parish Church of Saints Ippolito and Cassiano[edit]

Erected within 1111, the parish curch was hevily modified in XVII and XVIII century; some internal pillar show some trace of sixteenth-century frescoes painting depicting saints;^[2] the altarpiece depicting Virgin Mary with Baby Jesus and the saints Ilario and Antonio was painted in 1514 by Pier Ilario and Michele Mazzola, uncles of the famous painter Parmigianino.Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the help page).

Fortified courts[edit]

Mercato[edit]

The central borough, known as Mercato, has some historical buildings, around the triangular shaped square, the buildings dating bact to XIV century, represent the proof of the ancient fort that Scurano was.^[2]

Canale[edit]

The Canale locality preservs the Mazzini's court, inside which is still visible an architrave decorated with bas relief realized in the XIV or XV century.^[7]

Sarignana[edit]

The small borough of Sarignana host the ancient court adobe of the Gigli Family, with annexed the tiny oratory of Saint Bernardo, and a huge fortified palace in stone, built around the oratory of Saint Gacomo dating back to the beginnings of the XVI century.^[2]

Notes[edit]

^ "The fraction of Canale".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "The fraction of Formiano".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "The fraction of Neda".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ "The fraction of Ariolla".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ "The fraction of costola".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ "The fraction of Quinzo".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ "The hamlet of Scurano".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

Bibliography[edit]

Mariarita Furlotti, Rosina Trombi (1996). La valle e il territorio di Scurano. Scurano: Gruppo volontari di Scurano.
Girolamo Tiraboschi (1825). Dizionario Topografico-Storico degli Stati Estensi. Vol. Tomo II. Modena: Tipografia Camerale.