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This is a list of ancient Greek poleis around the Mediterranean world, arranged geographically. It does not list all the Greek settlements of the ancient world, just those organised around a polis structure and attested during the Archaic and Classical eras. Cities founded during the Hellenistic era are not listed here, as they were most likely not independent city-states like the Classical poleis. Moreover, not all the poleis listed here were ethnically Greek, as several indigenous peoples became Hellenised at the contact of the Greeks and adopted their culture, including the polis organisation, such as the Sicels in Sicily.

The list, and the spelling of ancient names follow the collective work directed by Mogens Herman Hansen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis.

Spain and France

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Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother City Founder
Alalie[1] Corsica, France Aléria c.560 BC Phokaia ?
Emporion[2] Catalonia, Spain Empúries, Ampurias c.600 BC Phokaia, or possibly Massalia ?
Massalia[3] Provence, France Marseille c.600 BC Phokaia Euxenos, or Simos, or Protis
Rhode[4] Catalonia, Spain Roses perhaps 5th century BC Massalia ?

Sicily

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Greek colonies

[edit]

Hellenised indigenous cities

Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Abakainon Province of Messina Tripi No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Adranon Province of Catania Adrano c.400 BC Syrakousai Dionysios I
Agyrion Province of Enna Agira No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Aitna II[5]
Akragas Province of Agrigento Agrigento c.580 BC Gela
Akrai 664 BC Syrakousai
Alaisa 403-402 BC Herbita
Alontion No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Apollonia
Engyon
Euboia 7th century BC Leontinoi
Galeria No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Gela Province of Caltanissetta Gela 689-688 BC Rhodos
Heloron Syrakousai
Henna No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Herakleia Minoa 6th century Selinous
Herakleia c.500 BC Sparta
Herbes(s)os No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Herbita No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Himera 648 BC Zankle and Syrakousai
Hippana No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Imachara No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Kallipolis late 8th century BC Naxos
Kamarina c.598 BC Syrakousai
Kasmenai 644-643 BC Syrakousai
Katane Province of Catania Catania 729 BC Naxos
Kentoripa No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Kephaloidion No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Leontinoi 729 BC Naxos
Lipara early 6th century Knidos
Longane No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Megara Hyblaia Province of Siracusa Augusta 728 BC Megara
Morgantina Province of Enna Aidone No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Mylai Province of Messina Milazzo 716 BC Zankle ?
Mytistratos No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Nakone No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Naxos Province of Messina Giardini Naxos 735-734 BC Chalkis Theokles
Petra unlocated No Greek founder (Hellenised indigenous city)
Piakos Province of Catania? Mendolito? No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Selinous Province of Trapani Castelvetrano 628-627 BC Megara Hyblaia Pammilos (of Megara Nisaia?)
Sileraioi unlocated No Greek founder (Hellenised indigenous city)
Stielanaioi Province of Siracusa? unlocated No Greek founder (Hellenised indigenous city)
Syrakousai Province of Siracusa Syracuse 733-732 BC Korinthos Archias of Corinth
Tauromenion Province of Messina Taormina No Greek founder (Hellenised Sicels)
Tyndaris Province of Messina Tindari 396 BC Syrakousai Dionysios I
Tyrrhenoi Metropolitan City of Palermo? Alimena? No Greek founder (Hellenised indigenous city)
Zankle, or Messena Province of Messina Messine c.730 BC Chalkis and Kyme (or Naxos?) Perieres of Kyme and

Krataimenes of Chalkis

Hellenised indigenous cities

[edit]

Italy

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Ancient name(s) Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Herakleia (Lucania)[6] Basilicata abandoned 433-432 BC Taras (and Thourioi) ?
Hipponion[7] Calabria Vibo Valentia late 7th century BC Lokroi Epizephiroi ?
Hyele, or Elea, Velia (Roman name)[8] Campania abandoned c.540-535 BC Phokaia, Massalia Refugees from Alalie
Kaulonia[9] Calabria abandoned 7th century BC Kroton Typhon of Aigion
Kroton[10] Calabria Crotone 709-708 BC Rhypes, Achaia Myscellus
Kyme, Cumae (Roman name)[11] Campania abandoned c.750-725 BC Chalkis and Eretria Hippokles of Euboian Kyme and Megasthenes of Chalkis
Laos[12] Calabria abandoned before 510 BC Sybaris Refugees from Sybaris
Lokroi (Epizephiroi)[13] Calabria Locri early 7th century BC Lokris ?
Medma[14] Calabria abandoned 7th century BC Lokroi Epizephiroi ?
Metapontion[15] Basilicata abandoned c.630 BC Achaia Leukippos of Achaia
Metauros[16] Calabria Gioia Tauro 7th century BC Zankle (or possibly Lokroi Epizephiroi) ?
Neapolis[17] Campania Naples c.470 BC Kyme ?
Pithekoussai[18] Campania Ischia 8th century BC Chalkis and Eretria ?
Poseidonia, Paestum (Roman name)[19] Campania abandoned c.600 BC Sybaris (and perhaps Troizen) ?
Pyxous[20] Campania Policastro Bussentino 471-470 BC Rhegion and Messena Mikythos, tyrant of Rhegion and Messena
Rhegion[21] Calabria Reggio Calabria 8th century BC Chalkis (with Zankle and Messenian refugees) Antimnestos of Zankle (or perhaps Artimedes of Chalkis)
Siris[22] Basilicata abandoned c.660 BC (or c.700 BC) Kolophon Refugees from Kolophon
Sybaris[23] Calabria Sibari 721-720 (or 709-708) BC Achaia and Troizen Is of Helike
Taras[24] Apulia Taranto c.706 BC Sparta Phalanthos and the Partheniai
Temesa[25] unknown, but in Calabria abandoned no Greek founder (Ausones who became Hellenised)
Terina[26] Calabria abandoned before 460 BC, perhaps c.510 BC Kroton ?
Thourioi[27] Calabria abandoned 446 and 444-443 BC Athens and many other cities Lampon and Xenokrates of Athens

Illyria

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Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)

Epeiros

[edit]

Greek colonies

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Ancient Region Mother city
Amantia Vlorë County, Albania abandonned Chaonia
Artichia unlocated abandonned
Batiai Elis
Berenike
Boucheta Elis
Bouthroton
Byllis
Dodone
Elateia Elis
Elea Korinthos
Ephyra
Eurymenai
Gitana
Horraon
Kassopa
Nikaia
Olympa
Nikaia
Pandosia Elis
Passaron
Phanote
Phoinike
Poionos
Tekmon
Torone
Zmaratha unlocated

Northern Greece

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Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)

Peloponnese

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Aithaia
Asine
Aulon
Kardamyle
Korone
Kyparissos
Messene
Mothone
Pharai
Thalamai
Thouria

Lakedaimon

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Note
Aigys Arcadia Tsamaina Kamaras Perioikic polis
Anthana Cynuria Paralio Astros? Perioikic polis
Aphroditia, Aphrodisia Laconia unlocated Perioikic polis
Belbina South east of Megalopolis abandoned Perioikic polis
Boia Laconia Neapolis Voion Perioikic polis, possibly created after a synoecism with Aphrodisia, Etis, and Side.
Chen unlocated abandoned Perioikic polis
Epidauros Limera Laconia abandoned Perioikic polis, perhaps founded by Epidauros after 500 BC.
Etis Perioikic polis
Eua Perioikic polis
Geronthrai Perioikic polis
Gytheion Perioikic polis
Kromnos Perioikic polis
Gytheion Perioikic polis
Kythera Perioikic polis
Las Perioikic polis
Oinous Perioikic polis
Oios Perioikic polis
Oitylos Perioikic polis
Pellana Perioikic polis
Prasiai Perioikic polis
Sellasia Perioikic polis
Side Laconia Velanidia? Perioikic polis
Sparta, or Lakedaimon Laconia Sparta
Thyrea Perioikic polis

Aegean Sea Islands

[edit]

Cyclades

[edit]

Sometimes an island was shared between several cities.

Ancient name Island Modern name(s) Note
Aigiale Amorgos Tholaria Founded in the 7th century BC, by Semonides of Samos
Arkesine abandoned
Minoa abandoned
Anaphe Anafi
Andros, Palaiopoli (urban centre) Andros Mythically founded by Andreus.
Astypalaia Astypalaia
Chalke Halki
Delos Delos Mythically founded by Anios.
Helene
Oine Ikaros
Therma
Ikos
Imbros
Ios
Kalymna
Arke(s)seia Karpathos
Brykous
Eteokarpathioi
Karpathos
Kasos
Ioulis Keos
Karthaia
Koresia
Poiessa
Keria
Kimolos
Kos Kos Astypalaia, Kos Meropis, and perhaps Halasarna merged in 366-365 BC to form the city of Kos.
Astypalaia
Kos Meropis
Halasarna
Kythnos
Hephaistia Lemnos
Myrina
Leros
Melos
Mykonos
Naxos
Nisyros
Paros
Panormos Peparethos
Peparethos
Seleinous
Pholegandros
Rheneia
Samothrake
Saros
Seriphos
Sikinos
Skiathos
Skyros
Syme
Syros
Telos
Tenos
Thasos
Thera

Lesbos

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Note
Antissa
Arisba
Methymna
Mytilene
Pyrrha

Crete

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Allaria
Anopolis
Apellonia
Aptara
Aktares
Aulon
Axos
Biannos
Bionnos
Chersonasos
Datala
Dragmos
Dreros
Eleutherna
Elyros
Gortyn
Herakleion
Hierapytna
Hyrtakina
Istron
Itanos
Keraia
Knosos
Kydonia
Kytaion
Lato
Lebena
Lisos
Lyktos
Malla
Matala
Milatos
Olous
Petra
Phalasarna
Polichne
Polyrhen
Praisos
Priansos
Rhaukos
Rhithymnos
Rhitten
Stalai
Sybrita
Tarrha
Tylisos

Rhodos

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Note
Brikindera
Ialysos
Kamiros
Lindos
Oiai unlocated abandoned
Pedieis unlocated abandoned
Rhodos

Thessaly

[edit]

Thessaly proper

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Amphanai
Argoussa
Atrax
Gomphoi
Gyrton
Kierion
Kondaia
Krannon
Larisa
Methylion
Metropolis
Mopsion
Orthos
Oxynion
Pagasai
Peirasia
Pelinna(ion)
Phakion
Phaloria
Pharkadon
Pharsalos
Pherai
Skotoussa
Thetonion
Trikka

Dolopia, Ainis, Oita, Malis, Achaia, Magnesia, Perrhaibia, Athamania

[edit]

Macedonia

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)

Thrace

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)

Black Sea

[edit]

West coast

[edit]
Ancient name(s) Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Apollonia
Bizone Bulgaria Kavarna
Dionysopolis
Istros
Kallatis
Mesambria
Nikonion
Odessos
Olbia, or Borysthenes
Ophiousa
Tyras

Crimea and Russia

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Chersonesos
Gorgipp(e)ia
Hermonassa
Karkinitis
Kepoi
Kimmerikon
Kytaia
Labrys, or Labryta
Myrmekeion
Nymphaion
Pantikapaion, or Bosporos
Phanagoria
Theodosia
Tyritake

Turkey and Georgia

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Dioskouris
Gyenos
Phasis
Amisos, or Peiraieus
Becheirias
Choirades
Herakleia
Iasonia
Karambis
Karoussa
Kerasous
Kinolis
Koloussa
Kotyora
Kromna
Kytoros
Limne
Lykastos
Odeinios
Sesamos, or Amastris
Sinope
Stameneia
Tetrakis
Themiskyra
Tieion
Trapezous

Troas

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)

Lesbos

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Antissa
Arisba
Eresos
Methymna
Mytilene
Pyrrha

Aiolis

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)

Ionia

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Achilleion unlocated (Meander valley) abandoned "recent" ? ?
Airai
Anaia
Boutheia
Chios
Chyton
Dios Hieron
Elaiousioi
Ephesos
Erythrai
Isinda
Klazomenai
Kolophon
Korykos
Lebedos
Leukophrys
Magnesia
Marathesion
Miletos
Myonnesos
Myous
Naulochon
Notion
Phokaia
Polichnitai
Priene
Pteleon
Pygela
Samos[28]
Sidousa
Smyrna
Teos
Thebai

Karia

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Alabanda
Alinda
Amos
Amynandeis
Amyzon
Arlissos
Armelitai
Aulai
Bargasa
Bargylia
Chalketor
Chersonesos
Chios
Erineis
Euromos
Halikarnassos
Hybliseis
Hydaieis
Hydisos
Hymisseis
Iasos
Idrias
Idyma
Kalynda
Karbasyanda
Karyanda
Kasolaba
Kaunos
Kedreai
Keramos
Killareis
Kindye
Knidos
Kodapeis
Koliyrgeis
Koranza
Krya
Kyllandos
Kyrbissos
Latmos, or Herakleia
Lepsimandos
Medmasos
Myndos
Narisbareis
Naryandos
Naxia
Olaieis
Olymos
Ouranion
Parpariotai
Passanda
Pedasa
Peleiatai
Pidasa
Pladasa
Pyrindos
Pyrnos
Salmakis
Siloi
Syangela, or Theangela
Talagreis
Taramptos
Tarbaneis
Telandros
Telemessos
Termera
Terssogasseis
Thasthareis
Tralleis

Lykia

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Phaselis 691-690 BC Lindos (Rhodes) Lakios (of Lindos or Argos)
Xanthos No Greek founder (Hellenised indigenous city)

Southern Turkish coast (Pamphylia and Kilikia)

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Aspendos Pamphylia
Idyros Pamphylia
Perge Pamphylia
Side Pamphylia
Aphrodisias Kilikia
Holmoi Kilikia
Kelenderis Kilikia
Mallos Kilikia
Nagidos Kilikia
Soloi Kilikia

Cyprus

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)

Africa

[edit]
Ancient name Location Modern name(s) Foundation date Mother city Founder(s)
Barke[29] Cyrenaica, Libya Marj mid 6th century BC Kyrene Learchus
Eu(h)esperides[30] Cyrenaica, Libya Benghazi 6th century BC Kyrene ?
Kinyps[31] Cyrenaica, Libya abandoned c.512 BC Sparta Dorieus of Sparta
Kyrene[32] Cyrenaica, Libya abandoned 631 BC Thera Battos I of Kyrene
Naukratis[33] Nile Delta, Egypt abandoned 6th century BC Miletos ?
Oasis[34] Egypt unlocated before 440 BC Samos ?
Taucheira[35] Cyrenaica, Libya Tocra late 7th century BC Kyrene ?

See also

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 163, 164.
  2. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 164, 165.
  3. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 165-167.
  4. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 167, 168.
  5. ^ Aitna was originally the new name of Katane after its capture by Hiero I of Syracuse, who founded a city there as Aitna. In 461, the expelled citizens of Katane recovered their city, so the citizens of Aitna left and founded a new city on the slopes of Mt. Etna in order to retain their community. The entry in the table refers to the latter city.
  6. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 259-261.
  7. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 261-263.
  8. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 263-265.
  9. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 265, 266.
  10. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 266-270.
  11. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 270-272.
  12. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 272, 273.
  13. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 273-278.
  14. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 278, 279.
  15. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 279-282.
  16. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 282, 283.
  17. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 283-285.
  18. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 285-287.
  19. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 287-289.
  20. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 289, 290.
  21. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 290-293.
  22. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 293-295.
  23. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 295-299.
  24. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 299-302.
  25. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 302, 303.
  26. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 303, 304.
  27. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 304-307.
  28. ^ Hansen and Nielsen counts the city twice because Samos was conquered by Athens in 366-365 BC and functioned as a (new) independent polis.
  29. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 1240, 1241.
  30. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 1241-1243.
  31. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, p. 1243.
  32. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 1243-1247.
  33. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, pp. 1238-1240.
  34. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, p. 1240.
  35. ^ Hansen and Nielsen, Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, p. 1247.