William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
| William IV | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Grand Duke of Luxembourg | |
| Reign | 17 November 1905 – 25 February 1912 |
| Predecessor | Adolphe |
| Successor | Marie-Adélaïde |
| Regent | Marie Anne of Portugal (1908–1912) |
| Born | 22 April 1852 Biebrich Palace, Wiesbaden |
| Died | 25 February 1912 (aged 59) Berg Castle, Colmar-Berg |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | Marie Anne of Portugal |
| Issue | Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg Hilda, Princess of Schwarzenberg Antonia, Crown Princess of Bavaria Elisabeth, Princess Ludwig Philipp of Thurn and Taxis Sophie, Princess Ernst Heinrich of Saxony |
| House | Nassau-Weilburg |
| Father | Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg |
| Mother | Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau |
William IV (22 April 1852 – 25 February 1912) reigned as the sovereign Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 17 November 1905 until his death. He succeeded his father, Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. He also held the title of Duke of Nassau, although that was annexed by Prussia after the Austro-Prussian war of 1866.[1]
William IV was a Protestant, the religion of the House of Nassau. He married Princess Marie Anne of Portugal, believing that a Roman Catholic country ought to have a Roman Catholic monarch. Thus since William IV all other Grand Dukes have been Catholic.
At the death of his uncle, Prince Nikolaus-Wilhelm in 1905, the only other legitimate male in the House of Nassau-Weilburg was William's cousin, Georg Nikolaus, Count of Merenberg, the product of a morganatic marriage. So in 1907, William declared the Counts of Merenberg non-dynastic, naming his own eldest daughter Marie-Adélaïde (1894–1924) as heiress-presumptive to the grand ducal throne. She became Luxembourg's first reigning female monarch upon her father's death in 1912, and upon her own abdication in 1919, was succeeded by her younger sister Charlotte (1896–1985). Charlotte's descendants have reigned until the present day.
He was the last monarch of Luxembourg to die whilst still on the throne.
Family
On 21 June 1893 in Fischhorn Castle, Zell am See, he married Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal, daughter of the deposed king Miguel I of Portugal and Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. The couple had six daughters:
- Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1894–1924) who remained unmarried and childless
- Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1896–1985) who married her first cousin Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a son of Marie Anne's younger sister.
- Princess Hilda (Berg Castle, 15 February 1897 – Berg Castle, 8 September 1979), married in Berg Castle on 29 October 1930 Adolf 10th Prince of Schwarzenberg (Frauenberg, 18 August 1890 – Bordighera, 27 February 1950),[2] without issue
- Crown Princess Antonia of Bavaria (1899–1954), who married Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria as his second wife
- Princess Elisabeth (Luxembourg, 7 March 1901 – Schloss Hohenburg, 2 August 1950), married in Schloss Hohenburg on 14 November 1922 Prince Ludwig Philipp of Thurn and Taxis (Regensburg, 2 February 1901 – Schloss Niederaichbach, 22 April 1933), son of Albert I, Prince of Thurn and Taxis,[3] and had issue
- Princess Sophie (Berg Castle, 14 February 1902 – Munich, 24 May 1941), married at Schloss Hohenburg on 12 April 1921 Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony (Dresden, 9 December 1896 – Neckarhausen, 14 June 1971), youngest son of king Frederick Augustus III of Saxony,[4] and had issue
Titles and honours
- Titles
- 22 April 1852 - 23 November 1890: His Highness The Hereditary Prince of Nassau[5]
- 23 November 1890 - 17 November 1905: His Royal Highness The Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Hereditary Prince of Nassau[6]
- 17 November 1905 - 25 February 1912: His Royal Highness The Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau[6]
- National honours
Luxembourg: Sovereign of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau- Luxembourg: Sovereign of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau
- Luxembourg: Sovereign of the Order of the Oak Crown
- Foreign honours
Netherlands: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Ancestry
Notes and references
- ^ Almanach de Gotha (1901), article "Luxembourg"
- ^ http://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/gotha/schwarzenberg.html Princely House of Schwarzenberg
- ^ http://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/gotha/thurn.html Princely House of Thurn and Taxis
- ^ http://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/gotha/saxony.html Royal House of Saxony
- ^ It was customary for a reigning Duke, his heir apparent, and their spouses to use the style of Highness.
- ^ a b It was customary for a reigning Grand Duke, his heir apparent, and their spouses to use the style of Royal Highness
- ^ a b Miroslav MAREK. "Hesse-Homburg", 2003-05-02. Retrieved on 2009-03-05
External links
Generations are numbered from the accession of Adolphe as Grand Duke of Luxembourg in 1890. | ||
| 1st generation | .svg) | |
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*also a prince of Nassau ^also a prince of Bourbon-Parma §not a Luxembourgian prince by birth, but created Prince Consort | ||
Generations are numbered from the accession of William as Duke of Nassau in 1816. | ||
| 1st generation |  | |
| 2nd generation | ||
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*also a prince of Luxembourg ^also a prince of Bourbon-Parma §not a Luxembourgian prince by birth, but created Prince Consort | ||
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| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
- House of Nassau-Weilburg
- Grand Dukes of Luxembourg
- Members of the Council of State of Luxembourg
- Protestant monarchs
- Luxembourgian Protestants
- 1852 births
- 1912 deaths
- People from Wiesbaden
- Burials at Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg
- Grand Masters of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
- Grand Masters of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau
- Grand Masters of the Order of the Oak Crown
- Burials in the Royal Crypt of Weilburg Schlosskirche