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Woman, Life, Freedom

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A mural in Vienna shows a Kurdish women and slogan of Women, Life, Freedom (in Kurdish).

Woman, Life, Freedom (Kurdish: ژن، ژیان، ئازادی / Jin, Jiyan, Azadî) or Woman, Life, Liberty is a popular political Kurdish slogan used in the Kurdish independence movement and which aims to recognize the importance of women.[1][2]

During the protests following the death of Mahsa Amini, the slogan was used by protestors globally in both the original Kurdish form as well as in Persian (Persian: زن زندگی آزادی, romanized: Zan, Zendegi, Azadi). Libération printed the slogan in Persian and French (Femme, Vie, Liberté) on its front page along with a photograph of unveiled Iranian women protesting.

A sign with Woman, Life, Freedom (Jin, Jiyan Azadî) on it, written in Kurdish (Latin and Arabic scripts) as well as English

Origin

The origin of the slogan can be traced to the Kurdish freedom movement of the late twentieth century. The first time that the slogan was used was by members of the Kurdish women's movement, a part of the Kurdish freedom movement which was founded on grassroots activism in response to persecution from the governments of Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Syria.[3] It was popularised further by Kurdish figures such as Abdullah Öcalan in his anti-capitalist and anti-patriarchal writings.[4] Since its first use, the slogan has been used by members of Kurdish organisations and those outside of the Kurdish movement.[5]

Early Kurdish use

The slogan is associated with Jineology and is set to have been coined by Abdullah Öcalan.[6] The slogan marked the political activities of Kurdish women in the 2000s and was considered attractive because of its spelling, rhythm and connotational significance.[2] The slogan was also used among Kurds in the war against ISIS.[7]

Spread around the world

The slogan was first coined by Kurdish women fighters and then became popular in other protests around the globe.[8] in such a way that on 25 November 2015, it was used in the gatherings held on the occasion of the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women in several European countries.[9]

Afghanistan

Artwork of Woman, Life, Freedom slogan in Persian. The slogan is used during Mahsa Amini protests

On 20 September 2022, the slogan was chanted by Afghan women in a protest in support of Women protesting in Iran.[10]

France

In 2018, during Cannes Film Festival, the cast of Girls of the Sun chanted "jin jiyan azadî".[11] The slogan was later printed in Farsi on the first page of France's Libération in September 2022 following the protests for the death of Mahsa Amini.[12]

Iran

The first use of the slogan "Woman, Life, Freedom" goes back to series of protests following the Death of Mahsa Amini in September 2022. The slogan was first chanted in Amini's funeral in Saqqez and then was heard in the initial protests in Sanandaj after the funeral.[13][14][15] On 21 September, the slogan was chanted by students at University of Tehran,[16] and by protesters around the country in the following days.[17][18] On 28 September and the continuation of protests, students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences used the slogan in their protests along with a new, similar slogan: "Woman, Life, Freedom; Man, Homeland, Prosperity".[19]

Following the expansion of Iranian protests to other cities of the world, rallies were held in different cities with protesters using the slogan "Women, Life, Freedom" along with other slogans.[20][21] Due to its expansion to cities around the world, and extensive coverage on foreign media, French newspaper Libération used an image of Iran protests with the slogan on the top in Persian followed by its French translation.[22][23]

Turkey

A sign with Woman, Life, Freedom (Jin, Jiyan Azadi) on it written in Central Kurdish and English carried in a protest in Toronto

This slogan has been repeatedly used in Turkey by Saturday Mothers[11] and Kurdish women. The slogan was also chanted by Turkish protesters in Turkey, when they gathered to protest in front of the embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran on 21 September 2022.[24]

Reception

  • Iranian sociologist Taghi Azadarmaki, stated that the slogan is "one of the most rooted desires of the middle class".[25][26]
  • Iranian sociologist Farhad Khosrokhavar considers the slogan as "a new shot in the sequence of Iranian civil protests".[27]
  • Sociologist Mehrdad Darvishpour believes that the slogan is "Challenging the violent patriarchal, deadly and authoritarian ruling ideology".[28]
  • Iranian-American politic analyst Karim Sadjadpour sees the slogan "Woman, Life, Freedom" as the counterpoint of the government.[29]
  • Mohammad Fazeli, Iranian sociologist and professor of sociology believes that in this slogan, woman has a symbolic face and demonstrates the hatred of violence.[30]

References

  1. ^ Bocheńska, Joanna (2018). Rediscovering Kurdistan’s Cultures and Identities: The Call of the Cricket. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 47.
  2. ^ a b Çağlayan, Handan (2019). Women in the Kurdish Movement: Mothers, Comrades, Goddesses. Springer Nature. p. 197.
  3. ^ Chotiner, Isaac (2 October 2022). "How Iran's Hijab Protest Movement Became So Powerful". The New Yorker. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  4. ^ Neven, Brecht; Schäfers, Marlene (25 November 2017). "Jineology: from women's struggles to social liberation". ROAR Magazine. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  5. ^ "'The fire of Newroz was lit with the slogan 'freedom'". Welat. 11 March 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  6. ^ Neven, Brecht; Schäfers, Marlene (25 November 2017). "Jineology: from women's struggles to social liberation". ROAR Magazine. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  7. ^ Hamad, Words by Sarah Lazarus Photographs by Sonja (2019-01-28). "Women. Life. Freedom. Female fighters of Kurdistan". CNN. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
  8. ^ "کام ژن؟ کام ژیان؟ کام ئازادی؟" [Which woman? which life? which freedom?]. Iran's Kurdistan Human Rights Watch (in Persian). 2020-12-05. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  9. ^ ""زن, زندگی, آزادی" شعار زنان جهان شد" ["Woman, Life, Freedom" became the slogan of the women of the world]. ANF News (in Persian). Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  10. ^ "همصدایی زنان افغانستان با زنان ایران درپی قتل مهسا امینی: ما هم‌سرنوشتیم" [Afghan women's solidarity with Iranian women after the murder of Mahsa Amini: We share the same fate]. ار.اف.ای - RFI (in Persian). 2022-09-20. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  11. ^ a b "شعار «زن، زندگی، آزادی» از کجا آمد؟". آسو (in Persian). Retrieved 2022-09-29.
  12. ^ "Libération". journal.liberation.fr (in French). Retrieved 2022-09-29.
  13. ^ "مهسا امینی با شرکت گسترده مردم به خاک سپرده شد" [Mehsa Amini was buried with the large participation of people]. dw.com (in Persian). 17 Sep 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  14. ^ "خشم عمومی از جان‌باختن مهسا امینی؛ معترضان شعار "زن، زندگی، آزادی" سر دادند" [Public anger over Mehsa Amini's death; Protesters chanted "Woman, Life, Freedom".]. Radio Farda (in Persian). 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  15. ^ "مردم کردستان بار دیگر به خیابان‌ها آمدند؛ شلیک نیروهای امنیتی به معترضان" [The people of Kurdistan once again came to the streets; Security forces shot at protesters]. Iran International (in Persian). 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  16. ^ "تجمع دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران در اعتراض به قتل مهسا امینی با شعار "زن، زندگی آزادی"" [Tehran University students gathered to protest against murder of Mehsa Amini with the slogan "Woman, Life ,Freedom"]. Iran International (in Persian). 21 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  17. ^ تصاویر دریافتی از اعتراض مردم مریوان؛ دوشنبه ۲۸ شهریور شعار مردم: زن، زندگی، آزادی [Images received from the protest of the peopke of Marivan; Monday, 28 September, people's slogan: women, life, freedom] (in Persian), VOA Persian, 20 September 2022, retrieved 2022-09-28
  18. ^ "از کردستان تا تهران اعتراض به مرگ فجیع مهسا و در دفاع از زن، زندگی و آزادی" [From Kurdistan to Tehran, protest against the horrible death of Mahsa and in defense of women, life and freedom]. RFI (in Persian). 2022-09-19. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  19. ^ تجمع دانشگاه پزشکی شیراز؛ "زن، زندگی، آزادی؛ مرد، میهن، آبادی" [Gathering at Shiraz Medical University; "Woman, life, freedom; Man, homeland, settlement"] (in Persian), VOA Persian, 28 September 2022, retrieved 2022-09-28
  20. ^ "انعکاس اعتراض‌های سراسری در مطبوعات جهان؛ لوموند: صدای زنان ایرانی همه‌جا شنیده می‌شود" [Reflecting nationwide protests in the world press; Le Monde: Iranian women's voices are heard everywhere]. Voice of America (in Persian). 26 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  21. ^ "اعتراضات گسترده در حوالی سفارت جمهوری اسلامی در پاریس و لندن" [Massive protests around the embassy of the Islamic Republic in Paris and London]. Radio Zamaneh (in Persian). 27 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  22. ^ "اعتراض‌های گسترده و سرکوب شدید در ایران؛ شورای هماهنگی تشکل‌های صنفی فرهنگیان دعوت به اعتصاب کرد" [Widespread protests and severe repression in Iran; The Coordinating Council of Educators' Union Organizations called for a strike]. euronews (in Persian). 2022-09-25. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  23. ^ "خیزش مردم ایران؛ تیتر اول رسانه‌های جهان" [The uprising of the Iranian people; The first headline of the world's media]. Independent Persian (in Persian). 2022-09-26. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  24. ^ "شهروندان ترکیه در اعتراض به مرگ مهسا امینی و در همبستگی با زنان ایران تظاهرات کردند" [Turkish citizens protested the death of Mehsa Amini and demonstrated in solidarity with Iranian women]. RFI (in Persian). 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  25. ^ "شعار "زن، زندگی و آزادی " یکی از ریشه‌دارترین خواسته‌های طبقه متوسط است" [The slogan "woman, life and freedom" is one of the most rooted desires of the middle class]. Islahat News (in Persian). 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  26. ^ "آزاد ارمکی: شعار "زن، زندگی و آزادی" یکی از ریشه‌دارترین خواسته‌های طبقه متوسط است" [Azadarmaki: The slogan "woman, life and freedom" is one of the most rooted desires of the middle class]. Asr-e Iran (in Persian). 21 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  27. ^ "جمهوری اسلامی قادر به مدیریت جامعه برای طولانی‌مدت نیست" [The Islamic Republic is not able to manage the society for a long time]. Radio Farda (in Persian). 22 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  28. ^ "جرقه انفجار "ابر جنبش" و "انقلاب زنانه" درایران؟" [The spark of the explosion of "super movement" and "women's revolution" in Iran?]. BBC Persian (in Persian). 2022-09-22. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  29. ^ Alonso, Pierre (25 September 2022). "Iran: "femme, vie, liberté", ces trois mots que le régime honnit" [Iran: "Woman, Life, Freedom", three words that the regime hates]. Libération (in French). Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  30. ^ "موانع اعتماد عمومي در ايران" [Obstacles of public trust in Iran]. Etemad Newspaper. 27 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
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