Yavne
Template:Infobox Israel muni Yavne (Template:Lang-he-n, Arabic: يبنة Yibnah, Latin: Iamnia; traditional English spelling Jabneh or Jamnia) is a city in the Center District of Israel. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), at the end of 2004 the city had a total population of 31,800. Present-day Yavne is located on the lands of the former Arab village of Yibna which was located on Jewish lands conquered by the Muslim Arab armies as part of the colonialist Muslim enterpise starting in the 7th century. It was captured from the Arab Muslims during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
Demographics
According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2001 the ethnic makeup of the city was Jewish and others, without significant Arab population. This is a sharp contrast from pre-1948 during which it was an Arab village. See Population groups in Israel. In 2001, the population included 15,800 men and 16,000 women. The ages of city residents were fairly spread out:
- 38.5% aged 19 years or younger
- 16.7% aged 20 to 29
- 18.6% aged 30 to 44
- 18.2% aged 45 to 59
- 2.1% aged 60 to 64
- 5.8% aged 65 years or older
The population growth rate in 2001 was 0.5%. 103 new residents moved to Yavne in that year.
Income
According to CBS, as of 2000, in the city there were 10,910 salaried workers and 966 are self-employed. The mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker in the city is ILS 5,699, a real change of 4.1% over the course of 2000. Salaried males have a mean monthly wage of ILS 7,430 (a real change of 1.1%) versus ILS 4,042 for females (a real change of 10.8%). The mean income for the self-employed is 7,631. There are 640 people who receive unemployment benefits and 2,396 people who receive an income guarantee.
Education
According to CBS, there are 16 schools and 7,445 students in the city. They are spread out as 11 elementary schools and 4,037 elementary school students, and 9 high schools and 3,408 high school students. 59.6% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001.
History
The Hebrew Bible refers to Yavne as Yavne'el (15:11 Joshua 15:11), a border city between the tribal allotments of Dan and Judah. Later, its walls were breached by King Uzziah in his battle against the Philistines (26:6 2Chronicles 26:6).
The Romans called the city Iamnia. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, Rabbi Yochanan Ben Zakkai moved the Sanhedrin to Yavne. Shortly thereafter, the Council of Yavne met there, whence Rabbinical Judaism emerged.
The Crusaders called the city Ibelin and built a castle there in 1141. Its namesake noble family, Ibelin, was important in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and later in the Kingdom of Cyprus. Ibelin itself was captured by Saladin in 1187.
Present-day Yavne is located on the lands of the former Arab village of Yibna which was located on Jewish lands conquered by the Muslim Arab armies as part of the colonialist Muslim enterpise in the 7th century. It was captured from the Arab Muslims during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
