Zastava M76
| M76 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Sniper rifle |
| Place of origin |  Yugoslavia |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1976 - present |
| Used by | See Users |
| Wars | Yugoslav wars, Kosovo War, Operation Iraqi Freedom |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1975 |
| Manufacturer | Zastava Arms |
| No. built | 15,000[citation needed] |
| Variants | M77 (7.62x51mm NATO) M90 (.243 or .308 Winchester) M91 (7.62x54mm R) |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 4.6 kg (10 lb) |
| Length | 1,135 mm (44.7 in) |
| Barrel length | 550 mm (22 in) |
| Cartridge | 8x57mm IS |
| Action | Gas-operated |
| Rate of fire | Semi-automatic |
| Muzzle velocity | 730 m/s (2,400 ft/s) |
| Effective firing range | >800 m (870 yd) with optics[1] |
| Feed system | 10 round detachable box |
| Sights | backup iron sights adjustable to 1,000 m (1,100 yd) optical sights can be mounted on a rail |
The Zastava M76 is a modern military semi-automatic sniper rifle developed and manufactured by Zastava Arms.
History
The arms company Zastava released the M76 in the mid-1970s. Since then it has become the standard issue sharpshooter rifle in the Serbian army and its predecessor the Yugoslav National Army (JNA). It is designed to fulfill the same role as the Soviet Dragunov SVD, which is to provide a designated marksman capability to the infantry platoon. During the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, it was used by several sides; it saw action in Croatia, Bosnia and Kosovo.[2] In Serbian service it is reportedly being replaced by the Zastava M91. The Zastava M91 uses the 7.62x54mmR cartridge which is replacing the 8x57mm IS (M-49) cartridge in Serbian service.
Design details
The M76 is similar in concept to the Russian Dragunov SVD sniper rifle; a semi-automatic rifle using a full-power cartridge from a 10-round magazine. However, the M76 is closer to the AK-47 design than the Dragunov, similar to the Romanian PSL. Being derived from the AK design it is simple and reliable, and like other Zastava AK-derivatives it is of high-quality manufacture. Accuracy is typically around 1.5 MOA, which is good for a Kalashnikov design and entirely acceptable for the designated marksman role.
Rather than being a Dragunov clone, it looks more like a lengthened AK-47 with a heavier barrel, an impression strengthened by the separate stock and pistol grip rather than the Dragunov's thumbhole combination stock. Instead of the Dragunov's 7,62x54mmR chambering it uses the 8x57mm IS round. The Yugoslav National Army (JNA) adopted a 8x57mm IS ball variant, designated as M49, as infantry ammunition at the end of the 1940-s. Instead of the Dragunov's separate gas piston, the M76 has an AK-type piston attached to the bolt carrier.[3] The receiver is a milled forging like that of the original AK-47 to give greater rigidity when firing a full-power round and it is longer to suit the 8x57mm IS chambering. The AK-type rotating bolt, bolt carrier, barrel and other parts are also longer and heavier to suit. Feeding is via a 10-round steel box magazine, which has a follower that holds the bolt open after the last shot. Since there is no device in the weapon to hold the bolt to the rear, the bolt will move forward when the magazine is removed, which increases the difficulty of removing the magazine. Fire is semi-automatic only, so the AK-47-type safety on the right side of the receiver has only 2 settings - 'safe' and 'fire'. The barrel has a tapered profile with a Dragunov-type combination slotted flash suppressor and foresight housing. A standard AKM bayonet can be fitted to the bayonet lug below the foresight. Like the Dragunov, but unlike the AK-47, the M76 features an operator-adjustable gas regulator enabling more propellant gas to be vented to the piston in marginal operating conditions.
The furniture features a straight comb butt, which has a rubber pad similar to that found on the Zastava M70 series of weapons, and a well-shaped contoured pistol grip. The fore-end is also reminiscent of that found on the M70 series. There is no butt trap for cleaning kit storage in the wooden butt. In newer production models the wooden furniture is replaced with synthetic polymer material which offers some storage space for accessories like a cleaning kit and reduces the M76 overall weight by approximately 0.5 kg.
With the exception of the gas regulator, disassembly and operation are similar to that of the AK-47/AKM family of weapons.
Though the M76 fires its bullets at a relatively modest 730 m/s (2395 ft/s) muzzle velocity, the 8x57mm IS cartridge loaded with aerodynamically efficient 12.8 gram (198 gr) military sS ball bullets still offers a supersonic reach of ≈ 910 m (995 yd) under ICAO Standard Atmosphere conditions at sea level (air density ρ = 1.225 kg/m³).
To mount the optics, a side-rail is permanently attached to the left wall of the receiver which accepts an alloy sliding dovetail mount with a clamping lever to which can be attached various telescopic sights and night optics. The mount is detachable from the receiver rail in seconds by swinging the locking lever open and sliding the scope and mount off the rail to the rear. It can be removed and reattached without loss of zero. The optic sight is normally removed during field stripping to give easy access to the receiver cover and bolt carrier. The rifle features mechanically adjustable backup AKM-type iron sights with a sliding tangent rear sight which can be adjusted from 100 m to 1,000 m. These sights can be used with or without the optic sight in place.
The typical scope used is a ZRAK M-76 4x 5°10’ scope originally produced in the ZRAK factory in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.[4][5] This optical sight is similar to the PSO-1 4x24 sight used on the Russian SVD rifle and the Romanian I.O.R. LPS 4x6° TIP2 4x24 sight used on the PSL rifle. The reticle illumination of the ZRAK M-76 4x 5°10’ is provided by (radioactive) tritium. The tritium light source has to be replaced every 8–12 years, since it gradually loses its brightness due to radioactive decay. The reticle features a PSO-1 type range-finding reticle.
Performance
The M76 is relatively accurate for a semi-automatic rifle. It can achieve 1.5 to 2 Minute of angle or MOA consistent accuracy with appropriate ammunition. Under normal conditions a maximum effective range of 800 m (875 yd) against man sized targets for an average sniper is achievable. The dispersion at 900 m (984 yd) is described as 50 x 50 cm (19.7 x 19.7 in), which is ≈ 1.9 MOA. Under optimal atmospheric and environmental conditions excellent marksmen might use the M76 up to 1,000 m (1094 yd). Recoil is described as being modest.[6][7]
It has the reputation of a reliable and capable weapon and has seen extensive combat service.
As with all precision rifles, the user has to take care not to overheat the barrel.
Variants
Zastava produces several variants of the M76 in different calibers.
The rifle is designated M77 when chambered for 7.62x51mm NATO.[8].
The rifle is designated M90 when chambered for .243 Winchester or .308 Winchester.[9]
The rifle is designated M91 when chambered for 7.62x54mm R.[10]
Users
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2010) |
Bosnia and Herzegovina[citation needed]
Croatia[11]
Macedonia[11]
North Korea: Manufactured locally as Jeogyeok-Bochong.[citation needed]
Serbia[11][12]
See also
References
- ^ Sniper rifle: Maximum effective range
- ^ UN judgement dealing with sniping during the Yugoslav wars
- ^ http://world.guns.ru/sniper/sn18-e.htm
- ^ ZRAK factory website
- ^ US ZRAK factory optics importer website
- ^ www.snipercountry.de Scharfschützengewehr M76 (German)
- ^ Yugoslavia M-76
- ^ Zastava M77
- ^ Zastava M90
- ^ Zastava M91
- ^ a b c Current Armed Forces Sniper Rifles
- ^ Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
External links
