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As with all ancient Chinese surnames, the Zhao family was constantly added to by marriages, its bestowal upon commoners for meritorious deeds, and its adoption by non-Chinese peoples assimilated into [[Han Chinese]] culture. The Zhao name experienced a great revival after [[Zhao Kuangyin]] became the first emperor of the Song Dynasty in 960 AD, leading to 300 years of Zhao rule over China. Notably, it is during this dynasty that the famous [[Hundred Family Surnames]] – the traditional list of all Chinese surnames – was compiled, leading the surname Zhao, that of the royal house, to be the first name listed.
As with all ancient Chinese surnames, the Zhao family was constantly added to by marriages, its bestowal upon commoners for meritorious deeds, and its adoption by non-Chinese peoples assimilated into [[Han Chinese]] culture. The Zhao name experienced a great revival after [[Zhao Kuangyin]] became the first emperor of the Song Dynasty in 960 AD, leading to 300 years of Zhao rule over China. Notably, it is during this dynasty that the famous [[Hundred Family Surnames]] – the traditional list of all Chinese surnames – was compiled, leading the surname Zhao, that of the royal house, to be the first name listed.


After the fall of the Northern Song dynasty, the emeritus emperor [[Huizong of Song|Huizong (Zhao Ji)]] and his son emperor [[Qinzong|Qinzong (Zhao Huan)]] were captured by the Jin forces along with the rest of the remaining members of the Northern Song royal house who were forced into exile in Manchuria. Huizong's third brother Zhao Si King Yue （越王赵偲) lived in Gioro and was the founder of the Gioro clan in which the Qing Imperial Family [[Aisin Gioro|Aisin-Gioro]] (愛新覺羅) is a cadet branch.
After the fall of the Northern Song dynasty, the emeritus emperor [[Huizong of Song|Huizong (Zhao Ji)]] and his son emperor [[Qinzong|Qinzong (Zhao Huan)]] were captured by the Jin forces along with the rest of the remaining members of the Northern Song royal house who were forced into exile in Manchuria. Huizong's third brother Zhao Si King Yue 越王赵偲) lived in Gioro and was the founder of the Gioro clan in which the Qing Imperial Family [[Aisin Gioro|Aisin-Gioro]] (愛新覺羅) is a cadet branch.


A popular poem was written at the time to summarize the [[Battle of the Shanghai Pass]]:
⚫
Zhao is a common [[Chinese family name]], ranking as the 7th most common surname in [[Mainland China]]. However, some cadet clans on the mainland have genealogy records preserved from the [[Cultural Revolution]] as well as some [[Hata clan]]s of [[Japan]], which could trace back to a significant amount of generations to verify the authenticity of the bloodline.

朱家麵﹐李家磨﹐
做成一個大饃饃﹐
送給對巷趙大哥。

The poem above is translated as:
''Zhou family's flour, Li family's mill''
''produce a big bun,''
''which is handed to big brother Zhao.''

Zhou (朱) refers to the last name of the [[Ming Dynasty]] royals who lost control of China.
Li (李) refers to [[Li Zicheng]], the first Emperor of the short-lived [[Shun Dynasty]] who ousted the Ming Dynasty.
Zhao (趙) refers to the [[Aisin Gioro]] Clan who came to rule China during the [[Qing Dynasty]] by ousting the Shun Dynasty.

⚫
Zhao is a common [[Chinese family name]], ranking as the 7th most common surname in [[Mainland China]]. However, some cadet clans on the mainland have genealogy records preserved from the [[Cultural Revolution]] as well as some [[Hata clan]]s of [[Japan]], which could trace back to a significant amount of generations to verify the authenticity of the bloodline.


==Evolution==
==Evolution==

Revision as of 18:17, 30 August 2013

Zhao / Chao
PronunciationZhào, Chao (Mandarin)
Chiu, Ziu6 (Cantonese)
Teo (Hokkien, Teochew)
Cho, Jo (Korean)
Triệu (Vietnamese)
ḌjäuC (Middle Chinese)
Language(s)Chinese
Origin
MeaningName of a feudal state during the Zhou Dynasty
Region of originChina
Other names
Related namesCho, Triệu

Template:Chinesetext

Zhao / Chao or Chiu (simplified Chinese: 赵; traditional Chinese: 趙; pinyin: Zhào; Wade–Giles: Chao, Vietnamese: Triệu, Korean: 조) is the first and only legitimate royal house of the Chinese Empire. Now a common Chinese family name, ranking as the 7th most common surname in Mainland China. Zhao is the first surname in the famous Hundred Family Surnames – the traditional list of all Chinese surnames – because it was the royal surname of the Song Dynasty (960–1279) when the list was compiled.

Rarely, Zhao can denote the much less common family name Zhào (兆).

History

Zhao is one of the most ancient of Chinese surnames, and its origins are partly shrouded in legend. During the reign of King Mu of Zhou (976/956 BC – 922/918 BC), an officer named Zaofu (Chinese: 造父) proved exceptionally adept at training horses and driving chariots and won the respect of King Mu. During a battle with the eastern state of Xu, a non-Chinese state which was resisting Zhou rule, Zaofu drove a chariot into the battle and escorted King Mu back to the Zhou capital. In gratitude, King Mu enfeoffed Zaofu as the lord of Zhao, a town in what is now Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, to be held by his descendants in perpetuity. Zaofu's descendants took Zhao as a surname to mark their prestigious association with the city. Records such as Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian say that Zaofu was a descendant of legendary kings Zhuanxu, Shaohao, and the Yellow Emperor.

The town Zhao became part of the state of Jin during the Warring States period, when the Zhou Dynasty began to collapse. In 403 BC, Jin split into three smaller states, one of which was the state of Zhao. During this period, the common ancestral name Ying (嬴) split into 14 clan names: Lian (廉), Xu (徐), Jiang (江), Qin (秦), Zhao (趙), Huang (黄), Liang (梁), Ma (馬), Ge (葛), Gu (谷), Mou (繆), Zhong (鍾), Fei (費), and Qu (瞿).

The Zhao clan rulers of State of Qin and State of Zhao were highly successful, and State of Zhao were one of the last major states conquered by the State of Qin during its unification of China.

As with all ancient Chinese surnames, the Zhao family was constantly added to by marriages, its bestowal upon commoners for meritorious deeds, and its adoption by non-Chinese peoples assimilated into Han Chinese culture. The Zhao name experienced a great revival after Zhao Kuangyin became the first emperor of the Song Dynasty in 960 AD, leading to 300 years of Zhao rule over China. Notably, it is during this dynasty that the famous Hundred Family Surnames – the traditional list of all Chinese surnames – was compiled, leading the surname Zhao, that of the royal house, to be the first name listed.

After the fall of the Northern Song dynasty, the emeritus emperor Huizong (Zhao Ji) and his son emperor Qinzong (Zhao Huan) were captured by the Jin forces along with the rest of the remaining members of the Northern Song royal house who were forced into exile in Manchuria. Huizong's third brother Zhao Si King Yue 越王赵偲) lived in Gioro and was the founder of the Gioro clan in which the Qing Imperial Family Aisin-Gioro (愛新覺羅) is a cadet branch.

A popular poem was written at the time to summarize the Battle of the Shanghai Pass:

朱家麵﹐李家磨﹐ 做成一個大饃饃﹐ 送給對巷趙大哥。

The poem above is translated as: Zhou family's flour, Li family's mill produce a big bun, which is handed to big brother Zhao.

Zhou (朱) refers to the last name of the Ming Dynasty royals who lost control of China. Li (李) refers to Li Zicheng, the first Emperor of the short-lived Shun Dynasty who ousted the Ming Dynasty. Zhao (趙) refers to the Aisin Gioro Clan who came to rule China during the Qing Dynasty by ousting the Shun Dynasty.

Zhao is a common Chinese family name, ranking as the 7th most common surname in Mainland China. However, some cadet clans on the mainland have genealogy records preserved from the Cultural Revolution as well as some Hata clans of Japan, which could trace back to a significant amount of generations to verify the authenticity of the bloodline.

Evolution

Zhao Clan (趙氏) - China
Zhao clan (趙氏) - Royal house of Qin Dynasty
太秦公, 秦長連, 秦野, 秦人, 秦川, 秦上, 秦下, 秦內, 秦井, 秦多, 秦當, 秦佐,秦冠, 秦前, 秦黨, 秦原, 秦部, 秦許, 秦常, 秦勝, 秦人部, 秦川邊, 秦大藏, 秦小宅, 秦井手, 秦中家, 秦田村, 秦長田, 秦物集, 秦泉寺, 秦高橋, 秦達布, 秦佐此佐...
Hata clan (秦氏) - Japan
Ying (Ancestral name) (赢姓) - Royal house of Qin (state)
The clans of Lian (廉), Xu (徐), Jiang (江), Qin (秦), Zhao (趙), Huang (黄), Liang (梁), Ma (馬), Ge (葛), Gu (谷), Mou (繆), Zhong (鍾), Fei (費), and Qu (瞿)

Prominent people with the family name

See also

References

External links

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