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Archduke Anton Victor of Austria

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Archduke Anton Victor
Viceroy of Lombardy–Venetia
In office
7 March 1816 – 3 January 1818
Monarch
PredecessorHeinrich von Bellegarde
(Lieutenant-General)
SuccessorArchduke Rainer
Born(1779-08-31)31 August 1779
Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Died2 April 1835(1835-04-02) (aged 55)
Vienna, Austrian Empire
Burial
Imperial Crypt
HouseHabsburg-Lorraine
FatherLeopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
MotherMaria Louisa of Spain

Anton Victor, Viceroy of Lombardy–Venetia (full German name: Anton Viktor Joseph Johann Raimund von Österreich; 31 August 1779 – 2 April 1835) was an Archduke of Austria and a Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. He was also briefly the last Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (and Duke of Westphalia) and Prince-Bishop of Münster before those territories were secularised in 1803.

Life

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Anton Victor was the son of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, and Maria Luisa of Spain. He was born in Florence and died in Vienna. He never married and died without issue.

After the death of his uncle, Maximilian Franz, Archbishop and Prince-Elector of Cologne and Prince-Bishop of Münster, Anton Victor was chosen on 9 September 1801 as Prince-Bishop of Münster and on 7 October as Archbishop and Prince-Elector of Cologne. The Electorate's Rhenish territories had been occupied by the French in 1794 and had in 1800 become part of France (in Cologne's case as sub-prefecture of the new département de la Roër, centred on Aix-la-Chapelle/Aachen), this state of affairs preventing Anton from taking his seat in Cologne Cathedral (which had in any case been reduced by the revolutionaries to the status of a parish church, a status which it had up till then never possessed, but which it retained even after reinstatement of the archdiocese in 1821 until very recently) and leaving him in control only of the Duchy of Westphalia, as well as of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster. His reign was to prove a short one - in the reorganisation of the Holy Roman Empire as provided by its law of 1803 (at the time of writing still nameless) enacting the so-called Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (Recès principal de la délégation extraordinaire d'Empire, Hauptschluß der außerordentlichen Reichsdeputation, "chief recommendation of the select committee of the Reichstag"), the archiepiscopal electorates of Cologne and Trier were abolished and Anton's remaining territories secularised, Münster being partitioned between the Prussians and various minor princes and Westphalia claimed by the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt.

Anton Victor became Grand Master of the Teutonic Order in 1804.[1] The order's German lands, centred on Mergentheim, were secularised in 1809, but Anton remained its Grand Master until his death. Between 1816 and 1818 he was Viceroy of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia.

Ancestry

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References

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  1. ^ "Habsburg-Lorraine". Archived from the original on 2012-01-04. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
  2. ^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 109.
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Media related to Anton Viktor of Austria-Toscana at Wikimedia Commons

Further reading

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  • Karl H. Lampe: Anton Victor Joseph Johann Raimund. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Vol. 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6, pp. 317).
  • Heinz Pardun: Die Wahl des letzten Kurfürsten von Köln Anton Viktor in Arnsberg. In: Zuflucht zwischen den Zeiten 1794–1803. Kölner Domschätze in Arnsberg. Arnsberg 1994, ISBN 3-928394-11-8
Archduke Anton Victor of Austria
Born: 31 August 1779 in Florence Died: 2 April 1835 in Vienna
Regnal titles
Preceded by Duke of Westphalia
1801–1803 		Annexation
1802 to Hesse-Darmstadt
1814 to Prussian Westphalia
Catholic Church titles
Regnal titles
Preceded by Prince-Bishop of Münster (disputed)1
1801–1803 		Vacant
Title next held by
Ferdinand von Lüninck [de](former)PrinceBishop of Corvey2
as Bishop of Münster
Archbishop and Elector of Cologne (disputed)3
1801–1803 		Vacant
Title next held by
Ferdinand August von Spiegel4
as Archbishop of Cologne
Preceded by Grand Master of
the Teutonic Order
1804–1835 		Succeeded by
Notes and references
1. Reign over the Bishopric of Münster was questionable (but not illegal,he was only administrator like others in past), and also barred by Prussian occupation from 1802
2. The no longer princely bishopric of Münster was annexed by Prussia in 1814; 1803–20 sede vacante, it was subsequently void of regnal power and the bishop's title was simply Bishop.
3. Reign over the Electorate of Cologne was questionable (but not illegal ) as he was not a priest, and barred by the partially French (from 1795) and partially Hessian occupation (from 1802)
4. The territory of the former Electorate of Cologne, this latter abolished by the still nameless law of 1803, was ceded to Prussia by the Congress of Vienna in 1814; the archiepiscopal see as re-established in 1821 was of course void of regnal power and Archbishop von Spiegel's title was, like that of his successors, simply Archbishop. The practice of elevating Archbishops of Cologne to the cardinalate came only later.
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