Caffeine citrate: Difference between revisions
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==Medical uses== |
==Medical uses== |
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* A Cochrane meta-analysis found that caffeine improves airway function in asthma, increasing [[Forced Expiratory Volume]] (FEV1) by 5% to 18%, with this effect lasting for up to four hours. <ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Welsh EJ, Bara A, Barley E, Cates CJ |title=Caffeine for asthma |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=1 |pages=CD001112 |date=January 2010 |pmid=20091514 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001112.pub2 |url=}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Caffeine citrate functions in much the same capacity as does caffeine, but takes effect more quickly; its speed of dissociation is faster than that of caffeine. Like its sister compound, it can be used to dispel pain from a headache. However, caffeine sodium benzoate is typically only used to treat severe migraines, not the citrate form. |
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| ⚫ | * Caffeine citrate functions in much the same capacity as does caffeine, but takes effect more quickly; its speed of dissociation is faster than that of caffeine. Like its sister compound, it can be used to dispel pain from a headache. However, caffeine sodium benzoate is typically only used to treat severe migraines, not the citrate form. |
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==Mechanism== |
==Mechanism== |
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Revision as of 02:36, 24 November 2018
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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Cafcit, other |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| License data | |
| Routes of administration | by mouth, i.v. |
| ATC code | |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| ChemSpider | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.125.472 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C14H18N4O9 |
| Molar mass | 386.314 g/mol g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Caffeine citrate, sold under the trade name Cafcit among others, is a medication used to treat a lack of breathing in premature babies.[1] Specifically it is given to babies who are born at less than 35 weeks or weight less than 2 kilograms (4.4 lb) once other causes are ruled out.[2] It is given by mouth or slow injection into a vein.[1]
Side effects can include problems feeding, increased heart rate, low blood sugar, necrotizing enterocolitis, and kidney problems.[2][1] Testing blood caffeine levels is occasionally recommended.[1] It is a citric acid salt of caffeine.[3] Caffeine citrate is in the xanthine family of medication.[2] It works by stimulating the respiratory centers in the brain.[1]
Caffeine was discovered in 1819.[4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[5] In the United Kingdom a 10 mg vial costs £4.90.[6] The intravenous form may also be taken by mouth.[6]
Medical uses
- A Cochrane meta-analysis found that caffeine improves airway function in asthma, increasing Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) by 5% to 18%, with this effect lasting for up to four hours. [7]
- Caffeine citrate is generally the preferred treatment for apnea of prematurity.[2] It has less side effects as compared to theophylline.[2]
- Caffeine citrate functions in much the same capacity as does caffeine, but takes effect more quickly; its speed of dissociation is faster than that of caffeine. Like its sister compound, it can be used to dispel pain from a headache. However, caffeine sodium benzoate is typically only used to treat severe migraines, not the citrate form.
Mechanism
In method of action, the preparation is exactly identical to that of caffeine base as the citrate counter ion dissociates in water. Doses of caffeine citrate, due to the added weight of the citrate moiety, are understandably higher than with caffeine base, i.e., it takes a larger dose to get the same amount of caffeine.[6] The ratio of therapeutic doses of caffeine base to its citrate salt is typically 1:2.[6] Dosing should therefore be clearly distinguished.[6]
Manufacture
The drug is prepared simply by combining anhydrous caffeine with citric acid monohydrate and sodium citrate dihydrate.
References
- ^ a b c d e Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation at line 961: bad argument #3 to 'format' (string expected, got nil).
- ^ a b c d e WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. p. X. ISBN 9789241547659. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Donn, Steven M.; Sinha, Sunil K. (2012). Manual of Neonatal Respiratory Care. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 457. ISBN 9781461421559. Archived from the original on 2016-12-30.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Brown, Nathan (2015). In Silico Medicinal Chemistry: Computational Methods to Support Drug Design. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 20. ISBN 9781782621638. Archived from the original on 2016-12-29.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e Ainsworth, Sean B. (2014). Neonatal Formulary: Drug Use in Pregnancy and the First Year of Life (7 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 120. ISBN 9781118819517. Archived from the original on 2016-12-30.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Welsh EJ, Bara A, Barley E, Cates CJ (January 2010). "Caffeine for asthma". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD001112. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001112.pub2. PMID 20091514.
External links
- [1] in the NCI Metathesaurus
