Antonov An-148

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An-148 / An-158
Antonov An-148 at Le Bourget airport, Paris Air Show 2007
Role Airliner
Manufacturer Kyiv “Aviant” State Aircraft Plant[1] (Ukraine),

Voronezh Aircraft Production Association (Russia)[2]
Designer ASTC "Antonov", Ukraine
First flight December 17, 2004
Introduction June 2, 2009
Status In production, in service
Primary user Aerosvit Airlines (2 operating, 15 on order)
Rossiya (6 operating out of 6+9 ordered)[3]
Number built 16 (November 2011)[4]
Program cost US$ 400 million[5]
Unit cost US$18–24 million

The Antonov An-148 (Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-148) Antonov Design Bureau from Kiev, Ukraine, is a regional jet aircraft designed by the Ukrainian Antonov Design Bureau and produced by Ukraine's Kiev Aviation Plant AVIANT and Russia's Voronezh Aircraft Production Association. Development of the plane was started in the 1990s, and the maiden flight took place on 17 December 2004. The plane completed its certification programme on 26 February 2007. The An-148 has a maximum range of 2,100–4,400 kilometers and is able to carry 68–99 passengers, depending on the configuration. The An-158 is a stretched version.

Contents

[edit] Design and development

[edit] Origins

The beginning of the An-148 project dates to the early 1990s, when the design work of the An-74-68 passenger aircraft was started at the Ukrainian Antonov Design Bureau. In 2001, the plane was renamed to An-148. The development team, headed by P.V. Balabuev, used the An-74TK-300 transport aircraft as a starting point. Its fuselage was extended and the new plane's wing design was created from scratch. The developers decided to use the Motor Sich D-436-148 engines.

The An-148 is manufactured by the Ukrainian Kiev Aviation Plant AVIANT and Russia's Voronezh Aircraft Production Association (VASO). Many companies are involved in the project; however, at least 70% of the aircraft's hardware is made by Russian producers.[6] Due to its technical parameters the An-148 has become popular on the regional passenger airliner market. The An-148's list price is about $24–30 million.[7] The main problem with the project has been increasing the plane's sluggish production rate. The AVIANT plant in Kiev initially failed to respond to growing orders leading to VASO's growing involvement in the plane's assembly.[7]

In 2002, the production of the first 3 prototypes was begun at Kiev Aviation Plant AVIANT. On 17 November 2004, the first prototype completed it maiden flight. Another prototype joined the testing programme in April 2005.[8] During the certification programme, the two prototypes performed about 600 flights in total.[9] On 26 February 2007 the aircraft, its D-436-148 engine and the AI-450-МS auxiliary power unit were certified by the Interstate Aviation Committee of Russia (AR MAK) and the State Aviation Administration of Ukraine. On 28 June 2009, the first serially produced An-148, manufactured at Voronezh Aircraft Production Association in Voronezh took to the skies.[8]

Polet Airlines An-148-100E at Sheremetyevo Airport on 10 October 2011.

In April 2005, the An-148, received its first order from Ilyushin Finance Co. (IFC) leasing company and the airline company Krasair signed a lease agreement for 10 aircraft with an option on 5 units valued at $270 million.[10]

On August 17, 2009, it has been announced that a special version of An-148 will be used as short-to-medium range VIP transport for Russian state leaders.[11] An-148 has been reportedly chosen over Sukhoi Superjet 100 due to security considerations, in particular, due to high ratio (up to ca. 70%) of Russian-made parts in the former, including some of the most critical ones.[12]

Other variants with Western-made engines with thrust of 6000 – 8000 kgf (such as the General Electric CF34 or Rolls-Royce BR700) are being considered.[13]

[edit] Design

Cockpit of AeroSvit An-148 (UR-NTA) just before the first commercial flight

The An-148 aircraft is a high-wing monoplane with two turbofan jet engines mounted in pods under the wing. This arrangement protects the engines and wing structure against damage from foreign objects (FOD). A built-in auto-diagnosis system, auxiliary power unit, high reliability, as well as the wing configuration allow the An-148 to be used at poorly equipped airfields. Modern flight and navigation equipment, multifunctional displays and a fly-by-wire system enable the An-148 aircraft to operate day and night, under Instrument flight rules (IFR) and Visual flight rules (VFR) weather conditions on high density air routes. The An-148 cockpit features five 15 cm by 20 cm (6" by 8") liquid crystal display (LCD) panels built by Russia’s Aviapribor and fly-by-wire flight controls. The main landing gear rotate into wells in the aircraft's belly, the legs being covered by partial doors. The sides of the tires are exposed to the air in flight like in the Boeing 737.[14] Other design advantages include the high fuel-efficiency of the Motor Sich D-436-148 engines and entrance stairs that enable boarding and deboarding the plane without extra ground equipment.[7]

The An-148-100 regional aircraft is the main model of the An-148. It seats 70 passengers at 34 inch pitch (864 mm) or up to 80 passengers at 762 mm (30 in) pitch in a one class 2+3 seating layout. The aircraft is also configurable in a multiple-class layout which can carry fewer passengers, typically with 4 abreast business class.

For Siberian operators, Antonov plans a model with a higher gross weight and additional fuel capacity in the center tank, extending the range with 75 passengers from 1,187 nautical mile (nmi) to 1,943 nmi. An “E” variant is also planned to offer a special 2,752-nmi-range, which would serve as a platform for the "E1", capable of for non-stop Moscow-Vladivostok (3,777 nm) services carrying 44 passengers.

[edit] Operational history

Rollout ceremony of the first Ukrainian-built serially produced An-148 at the Kiev Aviation Plant in December 2009
The first Russian-built An-148 at the MAKS 2009 airshow in Moscow

On 2 June 2009, the first An-148 entered commercial service at the Ukrainian carrier Aerosvit. The first passenger flight was from Kharkov to Kiev; the plane had the civilian registration UR-NTA.[15] By November 2009, Aerosvit was operating the An-148 on the Kiev–Odessa and Simferopol–Lviv routes, performing two flights a day with the average flight time of 4–5 hours.[7]

On 21 December 2009, the An-148 was put into service in Russia with Rossiya airline. The first passenger flight was FV135 from Pulkovo Airport in Sankt Petersburg to Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow.[8] By 20 May 2010, Rossiya's An-148 fleet had accumulated a total of 915 flight hours and performed 710 landings.[16] Rossiya complained that the aircraft experienced some reliability problems.[17] There were some technical problems with the plane, and pilot training could not be ramped up fast enough, leading to pilot shortages.[16] However, by 2011 the situation had clearly improved.[18]

On 15 February 2010, the An-148 started international flights to Poland with the Aerosvit airline.[19]

[edit] Variants

An-148 landing at Gostomel Airport Ukraine
Antonov An-148 at the Paris Air Show 2007
  • An-148-100A - main version of the An-148. It has a passenger capacity of 75 in a one-class standard configuration or 68 in a two-class configuration and a range of 2,100 kilometres (1,300 mi);
  • An-148-100B - extended range version up to 3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi);
  • An-148-100E - extended range version up to 4,400 kilometres (2,700 mi) and a maximum take-off weight (MTOW) of 43.7 tonnes;
An-158 at Farnborough Air Show in 2010
  • An-158 - stretched fuselage version for 99 passengers in a one-class configuration[20][21] and previously referred to as the An-148-200.[22] Other changes include the installation of wingtip fences. The airplane successfully completed its first flight on 28 April 2010, with flight certification tests planned to be completed before the end of 2010;[23] on 3 March 2011, it was given Russian certification.[24]
  • An-168 - business variant, seating between 8 and 40 passengers, with a range up to 7000 km;[25]
  • An-178 - cargo variant, with a payload capacity of up to 25 tons;[20][26][27]

[edit] Incidents and accidents

  • 5 March 2011: An Antonov An-148 (assembled by Voronezh Aircraft Production Association, VASO, Russia) carrying test registration 61708 crashed during a test flight in Belgorod region, Russia, after an inflight break-up killing all 6 crew members onboard. An investigation commission found that the crew permitted the aircraft to accelerate more than 60 knots above its "Never Exceed" speed in an emergency descent, which led to the inflight break-up.[28] Witnesses on the ground reported a wing had separated from the aircraft in flight. The aircraft was due to be delivered to Myanmar; two of the dead were from that country.[29]

[edit] Specifications

Measurement 148-100A 148-100B 148-100E 158
Cockpit crew 2
Seating capacity 68 (8+60, mixed)
75 (1-class, typical)
78/80 (1-class, dense)		 99 (1-class)
Seat pitch 35 & 32 in (mixed)
32 in (1-class, typical)
31/30 in (1-class, dense)
Length 29.13 metres (95 ft 7 in) 34.36 metres (112 ft 9 in)
Wingspan 28.91 metres (94 ft 10 in)
Wing area 87.32 square metres (939.9 sq ft)
Height 8.19 metres (26 ft 10 in) 8.60 metres (28 ft 3 in)
Cabin Width 3.15 metres (10 ft 4 in)
Cabin Height 2.00 metres (6 ft 7 in)
Maximum take-off weight 38,550 kilograms (85,000 lb) 41,950 kilograms (92,500 lb) 43,700 kilograms (96,000 lb)
Maximum payload 9,000 kilograms (20,000 lb) 9,800 kilograms (22,000 lb)
Cargo capacity 14.60 m3 (516 cu ft) -
Takeoff run at MTOW 1,560 metres (5,120 ft) 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) 1,885 metres (6,184 ft) 1,900 metres (6,200 ft)
Service ceiling 12,200 metres (40,000 ft)
Cruising speed 800 km/h to 870 km/h (497 mph to 541 mph)
Range fully loaded
(with 75 pax for 148 variant)		 2,100 kilometres (1,300 mi) 3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi) 4,400 kilometres (2,700 mi) 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi)
Fuel consumption 1,550 kg/h (3,417 lb/h) 1,600 kg/h (3,527 lb/h) 1,650 kg/h (3,638 lb/h) 1,800 kg/h (3,968 lb/h)
Engine (x 2) Progress D-436
Max. thrust (x 2) 6,830 Kgf
15,058 lbf (67.0 kN)		 -

Sources: Antonov Design Bureau,[30] United Aircraft Corporation,[31] flightglobal.com,[20] Aviant.[32]

[edit] Current orders and deliveries

A Rossiya An-148 on approach to Gatwick Airport in 2011
Country Orders Deliveries
 Bolivia 1[33]
Bolivian Air Force 1
 Cuba 3
Cubana de Aviación[34] 3
 India 18[35]
 Iran 128
HESA[36] 50
Unspecified company[37] 78
 Kazakhstan 8
Berkut Air[38] 1
Scat Air[38] 7
 Myanmar 2[39]
 Russia 97 8
Aeroflot[40] 11
Moscow Airlines 30
Ministry of Emergency Situations[41] 2
Moskovia Airlines 10
Polet Airlines[42] 8 2
Rossiya[43][44] 15 6
Saravia 5
Volga-Dnepr[45] >10
Vladivostok Air[46] 4
 Ukraine 38 3
Aerosvit Airlines 15[47] 1
Air Urga 2
Crimea-Trial 2
DonbasEnergo 5
ЕES-avia 1
Ilyich Avia 2
Lugansk Airlines 2
South Airlines 6
Ukrainian Air Transportation Company 3
Ukraine International Airlines 2 2
TOTAL 305 11

[edit] Official users

The Russian ambassador in Bolivia, Leonid Golubev and the Government of Evo Morales are negotiating the acquisition of one plane of this type for the use as the presidential carrier and other 8 for the state-owned airlines: Boliviana de Aviación (BoA) and Transporte Aéreo Militar (TAM).

[edit] See also

Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Related lists

[edit] References

  1. ^ "Ukrainian Antonov Design Bureau original AN-148 Specification". http://www.antonov.com/products/air/air-liner/AN-148/index.xml?locale=en. 
  2. ^ "Russia's UAC to invest $160 mln in An-148 manufacturer". RIA Novosti. 2009-07-28. http://en.rian.ru/business/20090728/155652300.html. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
  3. ^ http://www.aex.ru/news/2010/10/3/78935/
  4. ^ http://russianplanes.net/EN/REGISTR/Antonov/An-148
  5. ^ "An-148 production to be reduced by 1/3 for 2010". http://www.lenta.ru/news/2010/04/02/an/. 
  6. ^ "Russia to produce Ukrainian-designed passenger jet". RIA Novosti. 2010-07-19. http://en.rian.ru/russia/20100719/159867392.html. 
  7. ^ a b c d Sinitsky, Alex (2009-11-01). Antonov-148 jet enters in service in Russia. http://www.ato.ru/content/antonov-148-jet-enters-service-russia. 
  8. ^ a b c "History of An-148". United Aircraft Corporation. 2010. http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/models/civil/an-148/an-148_history/. 
  9. ^ "AN-148". Antonov Design Bureau. 2010. http://www.antonov.com/products/air/air-liner/AN-148/index.xml. 
  10. ^ Ryzhkin, Sergey (2005-06-07). "Aircraft for the Provinces". Kommersant. http://www.kommersant.com/page.asp?id=583456. Retrieved 2006-06-26. 
  11. ^ Russian president to choose An-148 (in Russian)
  12. ^ ru:Ан-148
  13. ^ "An-148". Antonov.com. Antonov ASTC. 2004. http://www.antonov.com/products/air/air-liner/AN-148/index.xml. Retrieved 2006-06-27. 
  14. ^ "Photos: Antonov An-148 Aircraft Pictures". Airliners.net. http://www.airliners.net/photo/1422465/. Retrieved 2009-09-04. 
  15. ^ Karzonov, Vladimir (2010-11-01). "Supporting An-148". Russian Aviation. http://www.ruaviation.com/docs/3/2010/11/1/2/. 
  16. ^ a b "An-148 proves worthy of airline service". Russian Aviation. 2010-11-01. http://www.ruaviation.com/docs/2/2010/11/1/6/. 
  17. ^ "Rossiya slams An-148 reliability". Flightglobal.com. 1 October 2010. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/10/01/347983/rossiya-slams-an-148-reliability.html. Retrieved 2 October 2010. 
  18. ^ "An-148 monthly utilization rose to 270 flight hours". 19 January 2011. http://www.ruaviation.com/news/2011/1/19/110/=ruaviation.com. Retrieved 19 January 2011. 
  19. ^ "A wing to EU". Kyiv Weekly. 2010-04-01. http://kyivweekly.com.ua/style/etno/2010/04/01/112045.html. 
  20. ^ a b c Antonov discloses An-158 specifications
  21. ^ Antonov points to 9 May for An-158 first flight
  22. ^ AN-148 First Revenue Flight
  23. ^ Maiden Flight of AN-158
  24. ^ [1]
  25. ^ New customer of ANTONOV-148
  26. ^ Antonov Design Bureau begins to design An-178 transport aircraft
  27. ^ На базе пассажирских Ан-158 намерены создавать грузовые самолеты (in Russian)
  28. ^ Hradecky, Simon. "Crash: Antonov A148 near Voronezh on Mar 5th 2011, in flight break up". The Aviation Herald. http://avherald.com/h?article=438db1d5&opt=1. Retrieved 5 March 2011. 
  29. ^ "An-148 plane crashes in southern Russia, 6 dead". RIAN. http://en.rian.ru/russia/20110305/162874868.html. Retrieved 5 March 2011. 
  30. ^ Antonov AN-148
  31. ^ An-148-100 Specifications
  32. ^ AN-148-200 Specifications
  33. ^ Самолеты деловой авиации leasing.com
  34. ^ Cubana orders 3 An-148 regional aircraft
  35. ^ BL: UAC signs deals for 18 An-148 aircraft
  36. ^ "Iran to buy 50 An-148 airliners from Ukraine". 2008-10-31. http://en.rian.ru/business/20081031/118071440.html. Retrieved 2008-11-01. 
  37. ^ "Kiev official: Iran and Ukraine pair up in aircraft deal". 2011-06-20. http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/business/news/article_1646544.php/Kiev-official-Iran-and-Ukraine-pair-up-in-aircraft-deal. Retrieved 2011-06-20. 
  38. ^ a b "Kyiv-based AVIANT completing assembling first An-148 for Kazakh company". 2006-08-31. http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/publish/news_article?art_id=46428708&cat_id=32598. 
  39. ^ Two An-148 planes to be supplied to Myanmar in 2010, Kyiv Post (December 3, 2009)
  40. ^ "Aeroflot plans up to 50 MS-21s as part of effort to support Russia’s airliner industry". Flightglobal.com. 1 September 2010. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/09/01/346857/aeroflot-plans-up-to-50-ms-21s-as-part-of-effort-to-support-russias-airliner.html. Retrieved 1 September 2010. 
  41. ^ http://www.ruaviation.com/docs/3/2010/11/24/15/
  42. ^ http://www.aviaport.ru/news/2011/07/20/218853.html
  43. ^ Rossiya gets first An-148 (article in Russian)
  44. ^ http://www.aviaport.ru/digest/2010/08/24/200903.html
  45. ^ Novichkov, Nikolai (2008-02-19). "Ukraine’s aerospace biz gaining real momentum". AIN online. http://www.ainonline.com/news/single-news-page/article/ukraines-aerospace-biz-gaining-real-momentum/?no_cache=1. Retrieved 2008-02-19. 
  46. ^ "Work results for 7 months and long range plans for development". 2009-08-28. http://www.vladivostokavia.ru/en/passengers/news/2009-08-28-00860/. Retrieved 2009-05-09. 
  47. ^ http://www.ukrainebusiness.com.ua/news/1245/

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