Double album
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A double album is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold (especially records and compact discs). A double album is typically, though not always, released because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium. Recording artists often think of double albums as a single piece artistically; however, there are exceptions such as Pink Floyd's Ummagumma, one live album and one studio record packaged together, and OutKast's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below, consisting of one practical solo album by each member of the hip-hop duo.
Particularly with the advent of the compact disc, albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album, with live tracks, studio out-takes, cut songs, or older unreleased material. A new innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material, such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings. These could be regarded as a new form of double album; some such discs are also released on as a two-sided format called DualDisc.
The same principles apply to the triple album, which comprises three units. Packages with more units than two are often packaged as boxed sets.
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[edit] History
The first double album was Benny Goodman's Live at Carnegie Hall, released by Columbia Records in 1950.[citation needed] The first rock double album, and first studio double album was Bob Dylan's Blonde on Blonde in 1966,[1] also on Columbia, although at the same time the Mothers of Invention (featuring Frank Zappa) were preparing the double album Freak Out!, released two months after Blonde on Blonde. The best selling double album of all time is Michael Jackson's HIStory: Past, Present and Future - Book I, with over 20 million copies (40 million units) sold worldwide.[2][3]
The double album has become less common since the decline of the vinyl LP and the advent of compact discs. A single LP had two sides, each of which had a capacity of up to 30 minutes (although shorter sides are more typical to avoid compromising sound quality), for a maximum of 30 to 50 minutes per record. A single CD has a capacity of 80 minutes (originally 74 minutes until the 1990s), thus many old double-LP albums have been re-released on a single CD. However, other double-LP albums are re-released as double-CD albums, either because they are too large even for a CD, or simply to retain the feeling or continuity of the original.
There are also double-LP albums, such as Mike Oldfield's Incantations and Chick Corea's My Spanish Heart, for which some some tracks were left off of or shortened for a single 74-minute CD release, though both were later re-released in their entirety when 80-minute CDs were developed.
Though the average album length has increased since the days of LPs, it remains rare for an artist to produce more than 80 minutes of studio material for one album. Thus, the double album format is now more commonly used for several formats other than studio albums. Live albums which either present all or most of a single concert, or material from several concerts are commonly released on multiple CDs. Compilations such as greatest hits records can often comprise double albums. Soundtracks and scores are also commonly released on two CDs; particularly soundtracks to musicals, which typically last longer than 80 minutes, are commonly released in their entirety as double albums, occasionally offering a second single-disc version featuring the most notable songs. The double album format is also frequently used for concept albums.
The double album is not entirely obsolete when it comes to studio albums, however. Some artists still occasionally produce a large enough quantity of material to justify a double album. For example, Barenaked Ladies recorded 29 songs (initially intending more than 30) for their first original album following the completion of their contract with Reprise Records, including several songs that were cut from past albums under that contract. Without needing to get a label's approval, they were able to release a 25-track "deluxe edition" double album Barenaked Ladies Are Me, as well as releasing the album as two separate single albums, as well as a variety of other formats. Nellie McKay reportedly fought with her label to get her debut album, Get Away from Me released as a double album, even though the material would have fit on a single disc. She has been said to be the first female artist to have a double album as a debut.
Esham was the first Hip hop artist to release a double album, Judgement Day. 2Pac made Hip hop history, despite Easy-E's early attempt which failed due to his untimely death in 1995, with the his first ever double album by a gangsta rapper, All Eyes on Me, having recorded it in 2-week span almost immediately after joining Death Row Records following his bailout from prison by label CEO Suge Knight. He released it in early 1996, months before being killed in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, thus making it also his last album released while still alive. Then in 1997, Notorious B.I.G., having also been killed in a drive-by, had his Life after Death released over two weeks later as the first East Coast Hip Hop double album, and despite it taking over a year to finish, became (in 2000) the first gangsta rap album to be certified diamond, while a year later, in 1998, 8Ball (of the rap duet 8Ball & MJG) released the first solo album to be double called Lost.
[edit] Sesquialbum
There are only a few examples of a sesquialbum (i.e. one and a half records). Johnny Winter released what would be the first three-sided rock album on two 12-inch discs, with the flip side of the second disc being blank. Joe Jackson's 1986 release Big World is another example. In 1982, Todd Rundgren and his band released the self-titled album Utopia featuring one full LP of 10 songs and a second 12-inch disc with 5 bonus tracks and the same 5 tracks on the flip side. The Monty Python album Matching Tie and Handkerchief was originally issued with two concentric grooves with different programs on side B. Elvis Costello and The Clash (amongst other 1980s acts) would sometimes release early pressings of their albums with extra material on a 45 rpm single. In 2005, The Mars Volta released their album Frances the Mute, on which the vinyl pressing spans five sides of vinyl, the sixth is an etching of tree roots. In 1994, the Norwegian band Motorpsycho released their album Timothy's Monster, where the vinyl edition contains three LPs - five sides with music, the sixth side has a drawing/etching. They used the same technique for Motorpsycho Presents The International Tussler Society (four sides of vinyl, three with music and one with a drawing).
[edit] Triple album
Among the first successful triple albums were Woodstock: Music from the Original Soundtrack and More, released 15 August 1970, and George Harrison's All Things Must Pass released 27 November 1970. A triple album may be live, such as Led Zeppelin's How the West Was Won; or a compilation of an artist's work, such as Stevie Wonder's retrospective anthology Looking Back. Yes' live album Yessongs was made a triple-album due to it including many of the band's longer compositions.
Triple albums are released across genres, including punk with The Clash's Sandinista!, alternative rock with Pearl Jam's 11/6/00 - Seattle, Washington, and mainstream pop with Prince's Emancipation.
American hip hop artist Lupe Fiasco's canceled third studio album release LupEND would have been a triple-album., composed of discs titled Everywhere, Nowhere & Down Here
[edit] Box set
When albums exceed the triple album format they are generally referred to as box sets. Normally, albums consisting of four or more discs are compilations or live recordings, such as In a Word: Yes (1969–) and Chicago at Carnegie Hall, respectively. In a very rare move, Pan sonic released a four-disc studio album named Kesto (234.48:4), as did avant-garde guitarist Buckethead with his 13-disc set In Search of The in 2007.
[edit] Simultaneous releases
Some performers have released two or more distinct but related albums simultaneously which could be seen together as a double album. Examples include:
- Guns 'N Roses' Use Your Illusion I and II (1992)
- Insane Clown Posse's Bizaar and Bizzar (2000)
- Nelly's Suit and Sweat (2004)
- Bruce Springsteen's Lucky Town and Human Touch (1992)
- System of a Down's Mezmerize and Hypnotize (2005, not released on the same day)
- Tom Waits' Blood Money and Alice (2002)
[edit] Critical reaction
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The concept of a double album is one that often sparks critical debate. Some see them as a testament to a band's creativity, and many double albums, such as Prince's Sign "☮" the Times, Peter Frampton's Frampton Comes Alive!, Bruce Springsteen's The River, Elton John's Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, Led Zeppelin's Physical Graffiti, The Beatles' The Beatles and the Rolling Stones' Exile on Main St. were met with great praise upon their release and are now widely considered to be classics. Others received somewhat mixed reviews upon their release, but with the passing of time their reputation has improved.
On the other hand, double albums are often seen as self indulgent and bloated, containing "filler" tracks or old studio out-takes which would not usually be considered of a high enough standard to appear on a single album. In many instances, double albums come at a time in a band's career when they have achieved much success and possibly believe that fans will buy anything they produce.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] Notes
- ^ Alan Light, "The All-TIME 100 Albums", Time, November 13, 2006
- ^ Putti, Laura (2001-08-24). "Il nuovo Michael Jackson fa un tuffo nel passato". La Repubblica. http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2001/08/24/il-nuovo-michael-jackson-fa-un-tuffo.html. Retrieved on 2009-05-10.
- ^ Michael Jackson
