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Suggest pagesHungarian Democratic Republic
| Hungarian People's Republic Magyar Népköztársaság |
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| Anthem Himnusz |
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| Capital | Budapest | ||||
| Language(s) | Hungarian, German, Romanian, Slovak, Croatian, Slovene, Serbian, Italian, Ruthenian | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholic, Calvinism, Lutheranism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Catholic, Unitarianism, Judaism | ||||
| Government | Republic | ||||
| President | |||||
| - 1918–1919 | Mihály Károlyi | ||||
| - 1919 | Gyula Peidl | ||||
| - 1919 | István Friedrich | ||||
| - 1919–1920 | Károly Huszár | ||||
| Regent | |||||
| - 1919 | Joseph August | ||||
| Prime Minister | |||||
| - 1918–1919 | Mihály Károlyi | ||||
| - 1919 | Dénes Berinkey | ||||
| - 1919 | Gyula Peidl | ||||
| - 1919 | István Friedrich | ||||
| - 1919–1920 | Károly Huszár | ||||
| Legislature | Hungarian National Council | ||||
| Historical era | Interwar period | ||||
| - Dissolution of Austria-Hungary | 31 October 1918 | ||||
| - Monarchy abolished | 16 November 1918 | ||||
| - Soviet Republic proclaimed | 21 March 1919 | ||||
| - Republic re-established | 2 August 1919 | ||||
| - Monarchy restored | 1 March 1920 | ||||
| Area | |||||
| - 1918[1] | 282,870 km2 (109,217 sq mi) | ||||
| - 1920[1] | 92,833 km2 (35,843 sq mi) | ||||
| Population | |||||
| - 1920[1] est. | 7,980,143 | ||||
| Density | 86 /km2 (222.6 /sq mi) | ||||
| Currency | Austro-Hungarian Korona (1918–1919) Hungarian Korona (1919–1920) |
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| Today part of |  Austria Croatia Hungary Poland Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Ukraine |
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| History of Hungary | |
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 This article is part of a series |
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| Prehistory | |
| Prehistoric Pannonia | |
| Prehistoric Magyars | |
| Early history | |
| Roman Pannonia | |
| Magyar invasion | |
| Middle Ages (896–1541) | |
| Principality of Hungary (896–1000) |
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| Medieval Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1538) |
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| Turkish wars (1366–1526) |
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| Early Modern history | |
| Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867) |
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| Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1538–1570) |
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| Ottoman Hungary (1541–1699) |
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| Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711) |
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| Late modern period |
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| Rákóczi's War (1703–1711) |
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| Revolution of 1848 | |
| Austria-Hungary (1867–1918) |
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| Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen | |
| Hungary in World War I | |
| Interwar period (1918–41) |
|
| Kingdom of Hungary (1920-1946) |
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| World War II | |
| Contemporary history (1946 to present) |
|
| Republic of Hungary (1946–49) |
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| People's Republic (1949–89) |
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| Revolution of 1956 | |
| Republic of Hungary (since 1989) |
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| Topical | |
| Church history | |
| Military history | |
| Music history | |
| Jewish history | |
| Székely people | |
|
Hungary Portal |
The Hungarian People's Republic (Hungarian: Magyar Népköztársaság) was a short-lived republic that existed – with a 133-day interruption in 1919 – from late 1918 to early 1920, replacing the Kingdom of Hungary. It was established shortly after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and lasted until the restoration of the independent Hungarian monarchy.
Contents |
[edit] Name
"Hungarian People's Republic" was adopted as the official name of the country on 16 November 1918[2] and remained in use until the overthrow of the Berinkey government on 21 March 1919. Following the collapse of the Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of Hungary, the Peidl government restored the pre-communist name of the state on 2 August 1919.[3] The governments of István Friedrich and Károly Huszár avoided the term "People's Republic" and referred to the state as "Hungary", however, the denomination "Hungarian People's Republic"[4][5] or "Hungarian Republic"[6][7][8] appeared on some government-issued decrees.
[edit] History
[edit] Károlyi Era (1918–1919)
The Hungarian People's Republic was created by the Aster Revolution, which started in Budapest on 31 October 1918. The republic was officially proclaimed on 16 November 1918[2] and Mihály Károlyi became the first Prime Minister and interim President. This event also marked independence of the Hungarian state after almost 400 years of personal union with Austria, ruled by the House of Habsburg.
The Károlyi government's measures failed to stem popular discontent, especially when the Entente powers began distributing slices of Hungary's traditional territory to Romania, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (colloquially Yugoslavia until the name became formal in 1929), and Czechoslovakia. The new government and its supporters had pinned their hopes for maintaining Hungary's territorial integrity on the abandonment of Austria and Germany, the securing of a separate peace, and exploiting Károlyi's close connections in France. The Entente, however, chose to consider Hungary a partner in the defeated Dual Monarchy and dashed the Hungarians' hopes with the delivery of successive diplomatic notes, each demanding the surrender of more land. On 19 March 1919, the French head of the Entente mission in Budapest handed Károlyi a note delineating final postwar boundaries, which were unacceptable to the Hungarians. Károlyi resigned and turned power over to a coalition of Social Democrats and communists, who promised that Soviet Russia would help Hungary to restore its original borders. Although the Social Democrats held a majority in the coalition, the communists led by Béla Kun immediately seized control and announced the establishment of the Hungarian Soviet Republic on 21 March 1919.
[edit] Provisional governments (1919–1920)
After the fall of the Soviet Republic on 1 August 1919, a social democratic government (the so-called „trade union government”) came to power under the leadership of Gyula Peidl. A decree was issued on 2 August restoring the republic and changing the name back to "Hungarian People's Republic".[3] During its brief existence, the Peidl government began to abrogate the edicts passed by the communist regime. On 6 August István Friedrich, leader of the White House Comrades Association (a right-wing, counter-revolutionary group) seized power in a bloodless coup with the backing of the Royal Romanian Army. The next day, Joseph August declared himself regent of Hungary (he held the position until 23 August, when he was forced to resign)[9] and appointed István Friedrich as Prime Minister. He was succeeded by Károly Huszár on 24 November, who served as Prime Minister and interim President until the restoration of the monarchy. The Hungarian People's Republic was finally dissolved and replaced by the Kingdom of Hungary on 1 March 1920.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Kollega Tarsoly, István, ed (1995). "Magyarország" (in Hungarian). Révai nagy lexikona. Volume 20. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. pp. 595–597. ISBN 963-8318-70-8.
- ^ a b 1918. évi néphatározat
- ^ a b A Magyar Népköztársaság Kormányának 1. számu rendelete Magyarország államformája tárgyában
- ^ A magyar népköztársaság kormányának 3923/1919. M. E. számu rendelete a műtárgyak kivitelének megtiltásáról
- ^ A magyar népköztársaság kereskedelemügyi miniszterének 70762/1919. K. M. számu rendelete a Malomüzemi Központ megszüntetéséről
- ^ A Magyar Köztársaság miniszterelnökének 1. számu rendelete a sajtótermékekről
- ^ A Magyar Köztársaság kormányának 4072/1919. M. E. számu rendelete a rotációs ujságpapirkészletek bejelentése, zár alá vétele és igénybevétele, valamint forgalombahozatala tárgyában
- ^ Raffay, Ernő (1990) (in Hungarian). Trianon titkai, avagy hogyan bántak el országunkkal... Budapest: Tornado Damenia Kft. p. 125. ISBN 963-02-7639-9.
- ^ "Die amtliche Meldung über den Rücktritt" (in German). Neue Freie Presse, Morgenblatt. 1919-08-24. p. 2. http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?apm=0&aid=nfp&datum=19190824&seite=2&zoom=2.
- Richard Overy. History of the 20th century, The Times, Mapping History. London, 2003
- Peter Rokai; Zoltan Đere; Tibor Pal; Aleksandar Kasaš. Istorija Mađara. Beograd, 2002
- András Siklós. Revolution in Hungary and the Dissolution of the Multinational State. 1918. Studia Historica. Vol. 189. Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Budapest, 1988
[edit] External links
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