Jump to content

Islamic State

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by ZéroBot (talk | contribs) at 22:39, 29 December 2011 (r2.7.1) (Robot: Adding no:Den islamske staten Irak). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

دولة العراق الإسلامية  Template:Ar icon
Dawlat al-ʿIrāq al-ʾIslāmiyyah
Islamic State of Iraq
LeadersAbu Omar al-Baghdadi  †
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi al-Husseini al-Qurashi
Dates of operationOctober 15, 2006 - Present
HeadquartersBaqubah
Active regionsIraq
IdeologySunni Islam
AlliesAl-Qaeda
OpponentsIraqi security forces
United States Armed Forces
British Armed Forces
Awakening Councils
Battles and warsIraq war

The Islamic State of Iraq (ISI, Arabic: دولة العراق الإسلامية Dawlat al-ʿIrāq al-ʾIslāmiyyah), is an umbrella organization of a number Iraqi insurgency groups established on October 15 2006.[1][2] The group is composed of and supported by a variety of insurgency groups, including its predecessor, the Mujahideen Shura Council, Al-Qaeda, Jeish al-Fatiheen, Jund al-Sahaba, Katbiyan Ansar Al-Tawhid wal Sunnah, Jeish al-Taiifa al-Mansoura, etc, and other clans whose population is of Sunni faith. It aims to establish a caliphate in the Sunni dominated regions of Iraq.

It claims a presence in the governorates of Baghdad, Al Anbar, Diyala, Kirkuk, Salah ad Din, Ninawa, and parts of Babil and Wasit, etc. It initially claimed Baqubah as its capital.[2][3][4][5]

2007 events

Between late 2006 and May 2007, the ISI brought the Dora neighborhood of southern Baghdad under its control. Numerous Christian families left, unwilling to pay the Jizya tax.[citation needed] US efforts to drive out the ISI presence stalled in late June, 2007, despite the walling-off of streets and the use of biometric identification technology. By November 2007 the ISI had been removed from Dora, and Assyrian churches could be re-opened.[6]

March

The Interior Ministry of Iraq said that Al-Abu Omar al-Baghdadi was captured in Baghdad on March 9, 2007, but it was later said that the person in question was not Al-Baghdadi.[7][8]

April

On April 19, 2007, the organization announced that it had set up a provisional government termed "the first Islamic administration" of post-invasion Iraq. The "emirate" was stated to be headed by Abu Omar al-Baghdadi and his "cabinet" of 10 "ministers"[9]:

Name (English transliteration) and notable pseudonyms Arabic name Post Notes
Abu Omar al-Baghdadi
(Deceased April 18, 2010) Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi al-Husseini al-Qurashi [10] 		أبو عمر البغدادي Emir al- husseini is the second Emir
Abu Abdul Rahman al-Falahi أبو عبد الرحمن الفلاحي
ʾAbū ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān al-Falāḥī 		"First Minister" (Prime Minister)
Abu Hamza al-Muhajir
AKA Abu Ayyub al-Masri
(Deceased April 18, 2010) Al-Nasser Lideen Allah Abu Suleiman [11] 		أبو حمزة المهاجر War Identity of al-Muhajir with al-Masri suspected. ISI has apparently only used former name. Abu Suleiman is the second minister of war.
Abu Uthman al-Tamimi أبو عثمان التميمي
ʾAbū ʿUṯmān at-Tamīmī 		Sharia affairs
Abu Bakr al-Jabouri
AKA Muharib Abdul-Latif al-Jabouri
(Deceased May 1/2, 2007) 		أبو بكر الجبوري
ʾAbū Bakr al-Ǧabūrī

AKA محارب عبد اللطيف الجبوري
Muḥārib ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Ǧabūrī 		Public Relations Common spelling variants: al-Jubouri, al-Jiburi.
Abu Abdul Jabar al-Janabi أبو عبد الجبار الجنابي Security
Abu Muhammad al-Mashadani أبو محمد المشهداني
ʾAbū Muḥammad al-Mašhadānī 		Information
Abu Abdul Qadir al-Eissawi أبو عبد القادر العيساوي
ʾAbū ʿAbd al-Qādir al-ʿĪsāwī 		Martyrs and Prisoners Affairs
Abu Ahmed al-Janabi أبو أحمد الجنابي
ʾAbū ʾAḥmad al-Ǧanābī 		Oil
Mustafa al-A'araji مصطفى الأعرجي
Muṣṭafā al-ʾAʿraǧī 		Agriculture and Fisheries
Abu Abdullah al-Zabadi أبو عبد الله الزيدي Health
Mohammed Khalil al-Badria محمد خليل البدرية
Muḥammad Ḫalīl al-Badriyyah 		Education Announced on September 3, 2007

These are all considered to be noms de guerre.

May

On May 3, Iraqi sources claimed that Abu Omar al-Baghdadi had been killed a short time earlier; no evidence was provided to support his death, and US sources remained skeptical.[12] The Islamic State of Iraq released a statement later that day that denied his death.[13] The death of Abu Ayyub al-Masri was also claimed, apparently in error too (see that article for details).

In what was apparently the same incident[verification needed], "Minister of Public Relations" Abu Bakr al-Jabouri was announced to have been killed on May 1/2, 2007 near Taji.[13] The exact circumstances of the incident are unknown. The initial version of the events at Taji, as given by the Iraqi Interior Ministry, was a shootout between rival Sunni militias. Coalition and Iraqi government operations were apparently conducted in the same area about the same time, and later sources implied they were directly involved, with al-Jabouri being killed "resisting arrest". See Abu Omar al-Baghdadi for details and sources. The successor of al-Jabour (if any) is presently unknown.

In an ISI press release, responsibility was claimed for an ambush at Al Taqa (Babil) on May 12, at which one Iraqi soldier and 4 US 10th Mountain Division soldiers were killed; 3 soldiers of the US unit were captured. One was found dead in the Euphrates 11 days later. The other two were claimed to have been executed and buried in an ISI video release, after a 4,000-man manhunt by US and allied forces ended without success. No direct proof was given. Their bodies were found a year later.[14][15]

June

On June 18, the US launched Operation Arrowhead Ripper, as "a large-scale effort to eliminate al-Qaeda in Iraq terrorists operating in Baquba and its surrounding areas".[16] See also Diyala province campaign.

The June 25 suicide bombing of a meeting of Al Anbar tribal leaders and officials at Mansour Hotel, Baghdad,[17] which killed 13, including 6 Sunni sheikhs[18] and some other prominent figures, was proclaimed by the ISI to have been in retaliation for the rape of a Sunni woman by Iraqi police.[19] Security at the hotel, which is some 100 meters outside the Green Zone, was provided by a British contractor[20] that apparently hired guerrilla fighters to provide physical security;[21] the veracity and implications of allegated claims of responsibility of an Egyptian Islamist group and possible on-scene assistance for the suicide bomber[22] are undetermined.

July

Abu Omar al-Baghdadi released an audio tape that issued an ultimatum to Iran. He said: "We are giving the Persians, and especially the rulers of Iran, a two-month period to end all kinds of support for the Iraqi Shia government and to stop direct and indirect intervention ... otherwise a severe war is waiting for you." He further warned Arab states from doing business with Iran.[23]

Iran supports the Iraqi government which many see as anti-Sunni. Furthermore, Iran is believed to support Shi'ite militias, such as that of Muqtada al-Sadr, which have attacked Sunni groups and populations.

Resistance to Coalition operations in Baqubah turned out to be less than anticipated. In early July, US Army sources suggested that the ISI leadership as was in the area had largely relocated elsewhere in early June, 2007, before start of Operation Arrowhead Ripper.[24]

2009 events

The 25 October 2009 Baghdad bombings were attacks in Baghdad, Iraq which killed 155 people and injured at least 721 people.[25] The 8 December 2009 Baghdad bombings were attacks in Baghdad, Iraq which resulted in the deaths of at least 127 people and injured 448 more.[26] Both these attacks were claimed by the Islamic State of Iraq.

2010 events to present

The Islamic State of Iraq claimed responsibility for the 25 January 2010 Baghdad bombings attack that killed 41 people. The group claimed credit for the 4 April 2010 Baghdad bombings that killed 42 people and Injured 224. On June 17, 2010 the group claimed responsibility for an attack on Central Bank of Iraq that killed 18 people and 55 wounded.[27] On August 19, 2010 a statement posted on a website often used by Islamist radicals, the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), a local al Qaeda umbrella group, claimed responsibility for the 17 August 2010 Baghdad bombings[28] and October 2010 bombings.[29]

According to the SITE Institute,[30] the Islamic State of Iraq claimed responsibility for the 2010 Baghdad church attack that took place during a Sunday Mass on October 31.[31]

Support for Egyptian protesters

The statement, which appears to be the first reaction of any group affiliated with al Qaeda to the ongoing protests in Egypt as part of the 2011 Arab Spring Movement, was issued on jihadist forums on February 8, according to the US group. The message, addressed to the protesters, says that the “market of jihad” has opened in Egypt and “the doors of martyrdom have opened,” and every able-bodied man must participate. The group urged Egyptians to ignore the “ignorant deceiving ways” of secularism, democracy, and “rotten pagan nationalism.” “Your jihad,” the message said, is in support of Islam, the weak and oppressed in Egypt, for “your people” in Gaza and Iraq, and “for every Muslim who was touched by the oppression of the tyrant of Egypt and his masters in Washington and Tel Aviv,” read a translation of the text provided by the SITE Intelligence Group.[32]

References

  1. ^ Its formative body referred to itself as the Hilf al-Mutayyibin or "Pact of the Perfumed" in reference to a treaty described by the Prophet Muhammad in a hadith.
  2. ^ a b Stephen Negus: "Call for Sunni state in Iraq". ft.com, 2006-10-15. Retrieved 2010-11-07. Registration required. Cite error: The named reference "established2006" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ "Anbar Picture Grows Clearer, and Bleaker". Washington Post, 2006-11-28
  4. ^ "Reporting under al-Qaida control - Blogging Baghdad: The Untold Story - MSNBC.com". Onthescene.msnbc.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
  5. ^ Engel, Richard (2007-01-17). "Dangers of the Baghdad plan - World Blog - msnbc.com". Worldblog.msnbc.msn.com. Retrieved 2009-10-28.
  6. ^ Ned Parker: "Christians forced out of Baghdad district". Los Angeles Times, 2007-06-27. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  7. ^ "Captured Iraqi not al-Baghdadi". Al-Jazeera 2007-02-10.
  8. ^ "Iraqi ministry: Militant leader arrested in Baghdad". CNN, 2007-03-09.
  9. ^ "Islamic State of Iraq Announces Establishment of the Cabinet of its First Islamic Administration in Video Issued Through al-Furqan Foundation". SITE Institute, 2007-04-19. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
  10. ^ http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iZsnT1jkCQlVJ85A1bvxoSM8c25Q
  11. ^ http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gchUP9MacVD6VDuVEELI_zL4ubFwD9FMQ9NO0
  12. ^ "Iraq says insurgent leader dead". CNN, 2007-05-03.
  13. ^ a b "Islamic State of Iraq Denies the Killing of Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, but Confirms the Death of its Official Spokesman, Abu Abdullah al-Jabouri". SITE Institute, 2007-05-03.
  14. ^ Jeremiah Marquez: "SoCal family mourns soldier found dead in Iraq river". Associated Press, 2007-May-24. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  15. ^ Michael Zitz: "With men still missing, a soldier returns to Iraq". Free Lance-Star, 2007-06-27. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  16. ^ "US launches major Iraq offensive". bbc.co.uk, 2007-06-19. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  17. ^ Charles J. Hanley: "Suicide bomber kills 13 at busy Baghdad hotel". Associated Press, 2007-06-26. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  18. ^ "Police Release Tribal Shaykhs' Names". IraqSlogger, 2007-06-27. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  19. ^ "Al-Qaida linked to Baghdad hotel bombing". The Guardian, 2007-06-26. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  20. ^ "Brit Security Firm Faulted in Hotel Bombing". IraqSlogger, 2007-06-27. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  21. ^ "Al Mansour Hotel, Baghdad". Yahoo! Travel, 2007-02-05. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  22. ^ Mike Drummond: "Two tribal leaders killed in Baghdad". McClatchy News Service, 2007-06-27. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  23. ^ "Al-Qaeda Issues Ultimatum to Iran" Cafe Cordover by Adam Cordover
  24. ^ "More death and political intrigue" Nermeen Al-Mufti, Al-Ahram Weekly, 5–11 July 2007
  25. ^ "Baghdad bomb fatalities pass 150". BBC News. 2009-10-26. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
  26. ^ "Baghdad car bombs cause carnage". BBC News. 2009-12-08. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
  27. ^ http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j-wNJQZfVsRyyJPKTaoftEXaCmNg
  28. ^ "Al Qaeda claims responsibility for attack in Iraq". Reuters. 2010-08-20.
  29. ^ http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=501_1288518861
  30. ^ "Hostages Killed in Al-Qaeda Attack on Baghdad Church". AFP. 2010-11-01. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
  31. ^ "Al-Qaeda claims Iraq church attack". Al Jazeera. 2010-11-02. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
  32. ^ http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/09/al-qaeda-in-iraq-calls-egypt-protesters-to-wage-jihad.html

{{{inline}}}

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State&oldid=468349877"