List of newspapers in Morocco
Newspapers in Morocco are primarily published in Arabic and French, and to a lesser extent in Berber, English, and Spanish. Africa Liberal, a Spanish daily, was the first paper published in the country which was launched in 1820.[1] Al Maghrib was the first Arabic newspaper of the country, and was established in 1886.[1]
In 1999, the number of French language newspapers distributed in the country was 130,000 while it was 62,000 in 1981.[2] As of 2013, 71% of the papers were published in Arabic and 27% in French.[3]
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/El_Eco_de_Tetuan.png/220px-El_Eco_de_Tetuan.png)
For those who consider Ceuta an occupied Moroccan city, the first newspaper in Morocco was El Liberal Africano in 1820.[4] Otherwise, the first newspaper to appear in Morocco was Pedro Antonio de Alarcón's El Eco de Tetuan, which published one edition in March 1860.[5] Later in 1860, two Spanish soldiers fighting in the Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60) launched El Noticiero (periodical), which published 89 editions before ceasing in 1861.[5] The period after the 1880 Madrid Conference saw the rise of al-Moghreb al-Aksa, printed in Spanish by G.T. Abrines, and the Times of Morocco, printed in Englsih by Budgett Meakin;[6] these two papers would later join and become the Tangier Gazette.[7][8]
Al Maghrib was the first Arabic newspaper of the country, and was established in 1886.[9] In 1908 the Sultan launches "Lissan Al Maghrib" the first state owned official media in Arabic.
El Eco Mauritano (1885-1930) was a political, literary, and general interest periodical founded by Isaac Toledano and Isaac Laredo of Tangier and Agustín Lugaro of Gibraltar.[10][11]
Following the bombardment and invasion of Casablanca in 1907, a French daily called La Vigie Marocaine was founded at the behest of General Albert d'Amade in 1908.[4][12] With a conservative, colonial editorial line that rejected any notion of Moroccan sovereignty and supported the idea of making Morocco an extension of French Algeria,[4] it became one of the most important French publications in the period of the French Protectorate.[13][4]
Another major publication of the early colonial period was L'Echo Du Maroc, which was published in 4 editions: one for Rabat, one for Casablanca, one for the south, and one for the north.[4] In 1919, Pierre Mas began Presse Mas, his media empire in Morocco, with his purchase of L'Echo Du Maroc.[4]
Due to the French colonial authorities' censorship of newspapers in Arabic, Muhammad Hassan al-Wazzani founded L'Action du Peuple, a Moroccan nationalist newspaper published in French.[4]
Press in Arabic
Al Maghrib was the first Arabic newspaper of the country, and was established in 1886.[14] It was a local media, based in Tetouan.
The first national newspaper to be published in Arabic by Moroccans was an-Nafahat az-Zakiya fi l-Akhbar il-Maghrebiya (النفحات الزكية في الأخبار المغربية The Pleasant Notes in the News of Morocco) in 1889.[15]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9.jpg/220px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9.jpg)
es-Saada (السعادة Happiness) was arabophone newspaper promoting the French position on events in Morocco published at the French Legation in Tangier,[4] first appearing in 1904.[7] With French encouragement, supporters of Abdelaziz founded as-Sabaah (الصباح) in Tangier in 1904; its editor was an Algerian named Idriss Khubzawi and it published 52 issues.[17][18] Idhar al-Haqq (إظهار الحق), edited by a nationalist figure named Abu Bakr Ben Abd al-Wahab, was also founded in Tangier in 1904.[19][20] After the 1906 Algeciras Conference, the Sufi leader Muhammad Bin Abd al-Kabiir al-Kataani started publishing a periodical entitled at-Taa'oon (الطاعون The Plague) in response to the colonial press and European colonialism in general.[7]
In 1908, Sultan Abd al-Hafid founded Lisan al-Maghrib (لسان المغرب), an arabophone newspaper funded by the Moroccan government;[7] it was run by two Lebanese brothers, Faraj-Allah and Artur Namor,[21] and it famously printed the 1908 draft constitution, as well as open letters to Abdelaziz and then Abd al-Hafid.[22]
In 1909, the Spanish started publishing an arabophone newspaper called Telegraph ar-Rif (تلغراف الريف),[23] then a newspaper called al-Haqq (الحق) in 1911 to push their position.[24] The newspaper at-Taraqqi (الترقي) also presented a colonial perspective and was published in Tangier in 1913.[24][25] They were followed by al-Islah (الإصلاح), a quasi-official Spanish newspaper published in 1916.[25] These publications were similar to es-Saada in their objective.[25]
The first arabophone newspaper in Casablanca was published in 1912: al-Akhbar al-Maghrebiya (الأخبار المغربية), financed by Badar ad-Diin al-Badrawi;[25][24] in Marrakesh, al-Janoob al-Maghrebi (الجنوب المغربي) in 1927.[25]
Among the first colonial policies promulgated by the French authorities under the French protectorate was a policy designed to censor the Moroccan press;[4] Moroccan newspapers, whether Jewish or Muslim, had to receive advanced authorization from the French authorities, while European publications were not required to do this.[4] The French authorities forbade Moroccan nationalists from publishing in areas under French control, especially in Arabic.[4][26]
Akhbar al-Maghreb (أخبار المغرب) was published in Darija in 1915.[25]
an-Nidthaam (النظام) was published by an Egyptian in 1924 in Tangier.[25]
Akhbar Teleghraphiya (أخبار تلغرافية), covering national and international news as well as the affairs of al-Majlis al-Baladi and meant to "disinform"[27] its Moroccan audience, was published in Fes and edited by Tahar Mahawi Zidan.[27]
al-Ittihaad al-Ghanami (الاتحاد الغنمي), syndicated throughout the Maghreb, was first published in Tunis 1929[25]
al-Ittihaad (الاتحاد)[28] was published in 1927 and covered all the regions of the north under Spanish control.[25]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9.png/220px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9.png)
In the north appeared Mohammed Daoud's journal as-Salaam (السلام),[30] the newspaper al-Hayaat (الحياة), followed by an explosion of periodicals including al-Wihdat al-Maghrebiya (الوحدة المغربية) published by Muḥammad al-Makkī an-Nāṣirī,[4] al-Hurriya (الحرية) published by Abdelkhalek Torres,[4] ar-Rif (الريف), and others.[25] Al-Atlas (الأطلس)[31] was the mouthpiece of the Moroccan Action Committee (كتلة العمل الوطني) and expressed the views of the Moroccan Nationalist Movement.[4]
The journal Majallat al-Maghreb (مجلة المغرب) was directed by Mohamed Ben Saleh Maysa an Algerian resident of Morocco working in Rabat.[25][32][33][34]
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In 1937, Said Hajji of Salé founded Al-Maghrib (المغرب Morocco), a newspaper critical of French colonialism that was often censored.[35]
The newspaper Al-Alam, speaking for the Istiqlal Party, was founded in 1946.[36]
Muhammad Hassan al-Wazzani's ar-Ra'i al-'Aam (الرأي العام)—the mouthpiece of Democratic Independence Party, which had recently splintered from the Istiqlal Party—published its first issue on April 12, 1947.[37]
The National Union of Popular Forces founded Al Muharrir, which published its first edition December 1964.[38] It was edited by Omar Benjelloun until his assassination in 1975.[38]
Jewish press
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jewish_Moroccan_Newspaper.png/220px-Jewish_Moroccan_Newspaper.png)
In 1883, Abraham Lévy-Cohen founded the first francophone newspaper in Morocco, Le Réveil du Maroc,[39] to spread French language and culture among the Moroccan Jews.[7] A man named Salomon Benaïoun started Kol Israel (1891), Mébasser Tov (1894-1895), and Moghrabi (1904), though these periodicals were short-lived.[40] Benaïoun also founded el Horria / La Liberté (1915-1922), which covered Jewish interests in Morocco in two different editions: one in Judeo-Arabic and one in French.[40][41] Adelante (1929-1932) was an independent hispanophone bimonthly periodical.[40]
In Casablanca, the Hadida brothers edited Or Ha’Maarav, or La Lumiere du Maroc (1922-1924), a Zionist[40] newspaper written in Judeo-Arabic with Hebrew script, which ran from 1922 until the French authorities shut it down in 1924.[42][40] It was followed by L'Avenir Illustré (1926-1940) a nationalist, pro-Zionist francophone newspaper, edited by Jonathan Thurz[43][40] as well as l'Union Marocaine (1932-1940), a francophone newspaper in line with emancipatory views of the AIU, edited by Élie Nattaf.[44][40] L'Avenir Illustré and L'Union Marocaine were both shut down by the Vichy regime.[40]
Present
Below is a list of newspapers published in Morocco:
List
Legend
- Daily - Weekly - General - Regional - Finance and economics - sports - Islamist - Women's - Online |
Ar: (in Arabic) Br: Berber Fr: (in French) En: (in English) Sp: (in Spanish) |
|
Defunct daily newspapers
These newspapers are no longer published:
Title | Type | Publisher | Founded | Website | Lang | Editor | Affiliation | Circ. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morocco Mirror | 2012 | www.moroccomirror.com | En | Independent | NA |
See also
References
- ^ a b El Mustapha Lahlali (6 June 2011). Contemporary Arab Broadcast Media. Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-7486-8864-7. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
- ^ Moha Ennaji (20 January 2005). Multilingualism, Cultural Identity, and Education in Morocco. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 103–. ISBN 978-0-387-23979-8. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
- ^ Hamza Tayebi (July 2013). "Print Journalism in Morocco: From the Pre-colonial Period to the Present Day". Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 4 (6). Retrieved 18 January 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "تاريخ الصحافة العربية - المغرب". الجزيرة الوثائقية (in Arabic). 11 May 2016.
- ^ a b Yabiladi.com. "Histoire : Quand l'Espagne introduisit le journalisme au Maroc à travers "El Eco de Tetuan"". www.yabiladi.com (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-23.
- ^ "El Rincón de Sidi Ifni - Cien años de prensa española en Marruecos". www.sidi-ifni.com. Retrieved 2020-03-23.
- ^ a b c d e Miller, Susan Gilson (2013). A History of Modern Morocco. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 84–85. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139045834. ISBN 978-1-139-04583-4.
- ^ https://www.loc.gov/item/sn96059189/
- ^ El Mustapha Lahlali (6 June 2011). Contemporary Arab Broadcast Media. Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-7486-8864-7. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
- ^ "The Press from the Tangier International: the myth of the Strait". Atalayar. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
- ^ https://tanger.cervantes.es/imagenes/file/biblioteca/catalogo_expo_revistas_tanger.pdf
- ^ "Mort de Pierre Mas magnat de la presse française sous le protectorat". Le Monde.fr (in French). 1970-12-10. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
- ^ "La Vigie marocaine" (in French). Retrieved 2020-04-01.
- ^ El Mustapha Lahlali (6 June 2011). Contemporary Arab Broadcast Media. Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-7486-8864-7. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
- ^ "مجلات مغربية توقفت عن الصدور". مغرس. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- ^ "صفحات من تاريخ الصحافة المغربية". مغرس. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- ^ "دعوة الحق - الصحافة المغربية في الموسوعة العربية الميسرة". www.habous.gov.ma. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
- ^ "السلطانُ المغربي المخلوع". Taroudant News | تارودانت نيوز (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-04-11.
- ^ "دعوة الحق - الثقافة العربية المعاصرة في شمال المملكة المغربية -3-". www.habous.gov.ma. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- ^ أرسلان, شكيب. مدونة أحداث العالم العربي ووقائعه 1800 - 1950 (in Arabic). ktab INC.
- ^ "مائة عام على مشروع دستور 1908." مغرس. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
- ^ Yabiladi.com. "En 1908, un projet de constitution évoquait les libertés individuelles au Maroc". www.yabiladi.com (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-22.
- ^ عامر, د فتحي حسين. تاريخ الصحافة العربية (in Arabic). Al Arabi Publishing and Distributing.
- ^ a b c عامر, د فتحي حسين. تاريخ الصحافة العربية (in Arabic). Al Arabi Publishing and Distributing.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "دعوة الحق - مدخل لدراسة الصحافة المغربية بعد سنة 1332 هـ 1912 م". www.habous.gov.ma. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- ^ "La Révolution prolétarienne : revue mensuelle syndicaliste communiste". Gallica. 1930-12-05. Retrieved 2020-06-21.
- ^ a b "حرب الريف والعالم ـ 11 ـ : موقف الرأي العام المحلي في المغرب". Hespress (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- ^ http://bnm.bnrm.ma:86/ListeVol.aspx?IDC=73
- ^ "صفحات من تاريخ الصحافة المغربية". مغرس. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
- ^ http://bnm.bnrm.ma:86/ListeVol.aspx?IDC=100
- ^ http://bnm.bnrm.ma:86/ListeVol.aspx?IDC=38
- ^ أبراش, د إبراهيم (2019-07-29). "عيد العرش في المغرب: تاريخه ورمزيته | د. إبراهيم أبراش". MEO (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- ^ Yabiladi.com. "Histoire : Lorsqu'un écrivain algérien proposa l'idée de commémorer la Fête du trône". www.yabiladi.com (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- ^ http://bnm.bnrm.ma:86/ListeVol.aspx?IDC=25
- ^ a b "تاريخ الصحافة العربية - المغرب". الجزيرة الوثائقية (in Arabic). 11 May 2016.
- ^ "لمحات من تاريخ الصحافة المغربية (3)". blogs.aljazeera.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-04-08.
- ^ http://bnm.bnrm.ma:86/ListeVol.aspx?IDC=31
- ^ a b "31 سنة عن منع جريدة المحرر : مسار جريدة "المحرر" التي أمر الملك الراحل الحسن الثاني بمنعها بصفة نهائية". مغرس. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
- ^ "Le Réveil du Maroc". web.nli.org.il. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Bensoussan, David (May 2012). Il tait Une Fois Le Maroc: Tmoignages Du Pass Judo-marocain. iUniverse. ISBN 978-1-4759-2608-8.
- ^ "El Horria". web.nli.org.il. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
- ^ "La Lumiere du Maroc (Or Ha'Maarav)". web.nli.org.il. Retrieved 2020-03-23.
- ^ "L'Avenir Illustré". web.nli.org.il (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-23.
- ^ Laskier, Michael M. (2012-02-01). Alliance Israelite Universelle and the Jewish Communities of Morocco, 1862-1962, The. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-1016-6.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-11-02. Retrieved 2011-07-19.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Moroccan Newspapers". Moroccan Online Newspapers.
Bibliography
- "Morocco: Directory: The Press". Europa World Year Book 2004. Europa Publications. 29 July 2004. p. 2970. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- William A. Rugh (2004). "Diverse Print Media: Lebanon, Kuwait, Morocco, and Yemen". Arab Mass Media: Newspapers, Radio, and Television in Arab Politics. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-98212-6.